Publications by authors named "Schwab K"
The negative interference of treatments between the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine and the tau aggregation inhibitor hydromethylthionine mesylate (HMTM) has been reported in Line 1 tau-transgenic mice, which overexpress a truncated species of tau protein that is found in the core of paired helical filaments in Alzheimer´s disease (AD). However, little is known about whether such interactions could affect synapses in mice overexpressing tau carrying pathogenic mutations. Here, we have used Line 66 (L66) mice which overexpress full-length human tau carrying the P301S mutation as a model in which tau accumulates in synapses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Placental growth factor (PlGF) may regulate cerebrovascular permeability. We hypothesized that white matter interstitial fluid accumulation, estimated via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) free water (FW), would explain the associations between elevated PlGF, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and cognitive impairment.
Methods: MarkVCID consortium participants ≥55 years old with plasma PlGF and brain MRI were included.
Article Synopsis
- - Forkhead box (Fox) transcription factors (TFs) are crucial for heart development in mammals, influencing cardiac progenitor cell roles and positions.
- - Researchers found that the Jumu gene plays a key regulatory role, with many downstream targets linked to cell division in cardiac progenitor cells.
- - The study highlights Jumu as a central hub in a network that controls cardiac progenitor cell division, supported by the interactions of identified gene targets.
We appraise other people's emotions by combining multiple sources of information, including somatic facial/body reactions and the surrounding context. A wealthy literature revealed how people take into account contextual information in the interpretation of facial expressions, but the mechanisms mediating such influence still need to be duly investigated. Across two experiments, we mapped the neural representations of distinct (but comparably unpleasant) negative states, pain and disgust, as conveyed by naturalistic facial expressions or contextual sentences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Peak-width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD), a neuroimaging marker of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), has shown excellent instrumental properties. Here, we extend our work to perform a biological validation of PSMD.
Methods: We included 396 participants from the Biomarkers for Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (MarkVCID-1) Consortium and three replication samples (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology = 6172, Rush University Medical Center = 287, University of California Davis Alzheimer's Disease Research Center = 567).
MALT1 protease is an intracellular signaling molecule that promotes tumor progression via cancer cell-intrinsic and cancer cell-extrinsic mechanisms. MALT1 has been mostly studied in lymphocytes, and little is known about its role in tumor-associated macrophages. Here, we show that MALT1 plays a key role in glioblastoma (GBM)-associated macrophages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- * The study finds that RFX7 directly regulates the tumor suppressor PDCD4 through its X-box promoter motif and identifies additional proteins (RFX5, RFXAP, RFXANK, and ANKRA2) that bind to this motif alongside RFX7.
- * ANKRA2 is shown to be a direct target of p53 and acts as a crucial cofactor for RFX7, while RFXANK regulates different sets of genes, indicating distinct roles within this regulatory network.
Irrigation with reclaimed water alleviates water supply shortages, but excess application often results in impairment of contiguous waterbodies. This project investigated the potential use of iohexol, an iodinated contrast media used in medical imaging, together with its bio- and phototransformation products as unique reconnaissance markers of reclaimed water irrigation intrusion at three golf courses within the state of Florida. Inter-facility iohexol concentrations measured in reclaimed waters ranged over ~2 orders of magnitude while observed intra-facility seasonal differences were ≤1 order of magnitude.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) significantly impact cognitive decline in older adults, leading to a study on cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and cognitive function across three sites with 263 participants.
- The study used MRI to assess CVR through a carbon dioxide inhalation method and evaluated cognition using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and executive function metrics.
- Results showed a positive correlation between CVR and both global cognitive scores and executive functioning, confirming CVR as a potential biomarker for VCID across multiple independent sites.
Background: The placenta is a transient organ critical for fetal development. Disruptions of normal placental functions can impact health throughout an individual's entire life. Although being recognized by the NIH Human Placenta Project as an important organ, the placenta remains understudied, partly because of a lack of non-invasive tools for longitudinally evaluation for key aspects of placental functionalities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLegionella is an opportunistic waterborne pathogen that is difficult to eradicate in colonized drinking water pipes. Legionella control is further challenged by aging water infrastructure and lack of evidence-based guidance for building treatment. This study assessed multiple premise water remediation approaches designed to reduce Legionella pneumophila within a residential building located in an aging, urban drinking water system over a two-year period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfluenza is a significant public health and economic threat around the world. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a close association between influenza pandemics and cardiovascular mortality. Moreover, it has been shown that there is a decrease in cardiovascular mortality in high-risk patients following vaccination with the influenza vaccine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD), hydromethylthionine mesylate (HMTM) showed reduced efficacy when administered as an add-on to symptomatic treatments, while it produced a significant improvement of cognitive function when taken as monotherapy. Interference of cholinesterase inhibition with HMTM was observed also in a tau transgenic mouse model, where rivastigmine reduced the pharmacological activity of HMTM at multiple brain levels including hippocampal acetylcholine release, synaptosomal glutamate release and mitochondrial activity. Here, we examined the effect of HMTM, given alone or in combination with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, rivastigmine, at the level of expression of selected pre-synaptic proteins (syntaxin-1; SNAP-25, VAMP-2, synaptophysin-1, synapsin-1, α-synuclein) in brain tissue harvested from tau-transgenic Line 1 (L1) and wild-type mice using immunohistochemistry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Growth hormone (GH) treatment in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD), short children born small for gestational age (SGA), and Turner syndrome (TS) is well established. However, a variety of parameters are still under discussion to achieve optimal growth results and efficiency of GH use in real-world treatment.
Methods: German GH-treatment naïve patients of the PATRO Children database were grouped according to their start of treatment into groups of 3 years from 2007 to 2018.
Background: Chronic arsenic exposure has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease; diabetes; cancers of the lung, pancreas and prostate; and all-cause mortality in American Indian communities in the Strong Heart Study.
Objective: The Strong Heart Water Study (SHWS) designed and evaluated a multilevel, community-led arsenic mitigation program to reduce arsenic exposure among private well users in partnership with Northern Great Plains American Indian Nations.
Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the SHWS arsenic mitigation program over a 2-y period on ) urinary arsenic, and ) reported use of arsenic-safe water for drinking and cooking.
Alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation is a pathological feature of synucleinopathies, neurodegenerative disorders that include Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we explored the efficacy of N,N,N',N'-tetraethyl-10H-phenothiazine-3,7-diamine dihydrochloride (LETC), a protein aggregation inhibitor, on α-Syn aggregation. In both cellular models and transgenic mice, α-Syn aggregation was achieved by the overexpression of full-length human α-Syn fused with a signal sequence peptide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) into Lewy bodies is a hallmark of synucleinopathies, a group of neurological disorders that include Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Small oligomers as well as larger fibrils of α-Syn have been suggested to induce cell toxicity leading to a degenerative loss of neurones. A richer understanding of α-Syn aggregation in disease, however, requires the identification of the different α-Syn species and the characterisation of their biochemical properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Omnitrope (somatropin) was approved as a biosimilar recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in 2006. Here, we report final data from the PAtients TReated with Omnitrope (PATRO) Children study, a post-marketing surveillance study designed to monitor the long-term safety and effectiveness of this treatment in pediatric patients.
Methods: The study population included all pediatric patients treated with Omnitrope (biosimilar rhGH), administered via daily injection, in routine clinical practice.
The placenta is a transient organ critical for fetal development. Disruptions of normal placental functions can impact health throughout an individual's entire life. Although being recognized by the NIH Human Placenta Project as an important organ, the placenta remains understudied, partly because of a lack of non-invasive tools for longitudinally evaluation for key aspects of placental functionalities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOutpatient screening for anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescents with type 1 diabetes - a cross-sectional survey.
Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health
December 2023
Background: The daily demands of type 1 diabetes management may jeopardize adolescents' mental health. We aimed to assess anxiety and depression symptoms by broad-scale, tablet-based outpatient screening in adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Germany.
Methods: Adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (n = 2,394; mean age 15.
Article Synopsis
- Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) significantly impacts seniors, causing issues like memory loss and confusion, with Apolipoprotein-E (ApoE) recognized as a key risk factor for the condition.
- The study hypothesizes that ApoE’s effects on LOAD risk might originate from changes in brain network architecture during neurodevelopment.
- Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and graph theory, researchers found that ApoE knockout mice exhibited distinct differences in brain connectivity compared to wild-type mice, suggesting ApoE plays a crucial role in how brain networks develop, which could influence vulnerability to LOAD.
Background: A key aspect of synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is loss of synaptic proteins. Previous publications showed that the presynaptic machinery is more strongly affected than postsynaptic proteins. However, it has also been reported that presynaptic protein loss is highly variable and shows region- and protein-specificity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The majority of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are classified as mild and occur in young individuals. The course of recovery varies but can result in chronic or troubling outcomes. The impact of age on TBI outcomes in young adults before complete brain maturation is not well studied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Despite recent advances in adapting the intensity of treatment for older patients with ALL, current protocols are associated with high rates of early deaths, treatment-related toxicity, and dismal prognosis. We evaluated inotuzumab ozogamicin and dexamethasone (Dex) as induction therapy in older patients with ALL within the German Multicenter Study Group for Adult ALL (GMALL).
Patients And Methods: The open-label, multicenter, phase II, INITIAL-1 trial enrolled 45 patients older than 55 years with newly diagnosed, CD22-positive, -negative B-precursor ALL (B-ALL).