[Haemophilia and knee function: are there differences between haemophilic and healthy children?].

With early prophylactic treatment our haemophilic children grow up in good health. Nevertheless, we cannot prevent every bleeding. Those bleedings may be just subclinical but they could lead to overloading of the knee and more and more of the ankle joint in the long term.

Orthopaedic issues in sports for persons with haemophilia.

Persons with haemophilia should not feel limited in their ability to participate in sports. After consultation with a physician or other health-care provider and with a proper understanding of the risks involved and the strategies for managing these risks, patients with haemophilia can - and should - enjoy physical activities. We have analysed numerous reports of sports injury statistics and used them to rank a variety of sports according to their degree of injury risk.

[Ultrasound topometric measurements of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis in school children with normal and insufficient posture].

Aim: The posture of school children was examined in order to establish whether possible differences in clinically normal and insufficient posture can be detected by means of ultrasound topometry.

Method: 105 healthy school children (56 female, 49 male) with an average age of 8 years (+/- 0.9) were examined.

Intra-articular hyaluronic acid in the treatment of haemophilic arthropathy of the knee. Clinical, radiological and sonographical assessment.

Hyaluronic acid has been used successfully in the treatment of osteoarthritis since 1989. There is no experience in haemophiliacs in larger study groups. In a prospective study, 20 patients (21 knees) with haemophilic arthropathy of the knee received 20 mg hyaluronic acid by intra-articular injection for 5 consecutive weeks.

[Measurement of spinal anteflexion in school children by ultrasound topometry].

Aim: The anteflexion of the spine in normal schoolchildren was examined by 3D real-time ultrasound topometry to see if differences in the form of restrictions of anteflexion could be detected.

Methods: 102 schoolchildren at the age of 7 to 9 years volunteered to the study. We measured the spinal anteflexion by recording the row of the spines (C7-L5) in a maximally flexed position with a topometric digitiser.

[Three-dimensional ultrasonography and intraoperative navigation:a new application of ultrasonograms in osteotomy of the proximal femur].

Aim: As precise operative control is difficult to achieve, the accuracy of femoral osteotomies can only be estimated. Therefore, a computer-assisted ultrasound navigation system was developed in order to apply an on-line control for femoral osteotomies.

Method: Three ultrasound emitters were fixed on a triangle.

Gait analysis of the hemophilic ankle with silicone heel cushion.

Shock absorption becomes very important in damaged joints with destroyed cartilage and progressive muscular imbalance as occurs in hemarthropathy. The effects of silicone heel cushioning on the ankle motion of hemophilic patients in different stages of hemarthropathy of the ankle joints was measured using an ultrasound motion analysis system. It is concluded that silicone heel cushioning has no influence on ankles in the late stage of hemarthropathy.

[Intraoperative evaluation of surgical correction. Reconstructive interventions on the skeleton with ultrasound topometry].

We present a new 3 D analysis system which allows us to control axial correction in the skeletal system during operation. The method is based on the measurement of the transit time of ultrasound impulses from transmitters to receivers. With a gas sterilised digitiser we are able to record anatomical landmarks within a few seconds and with a high reliability.

[Follow-up problems in scoliosis patients].

With reference to 4 different methods - theoretical derivation, computed model, recent radiological analysis based on 120 scoliosis patients and measurement of the posterior median line in 40 scoliosis patients - the unreliability of follow-up in scoliosis patients is illustrated. The results are compared with previous publications by other authors and discussed. A method of determining spinal geometry three-dimensionally by means of topometric methods (5) is described.

[Differentiation of functional knee movement in hemophilic patients by means of ultrasonic topometry (author's transl)].

First experiences using UST (Ultra-Sound-Topometry) in functional analyses of the loco motor system show: The motor patterns in gait analyses can be analyses can be visualized in such high steric- and time-resolution, that even slightest disturbances can be seen and localized. The high resolution of the procedure allows exact analyses of the movement patterns within the joints. In the knee, for example, we could demonstrate, how in slight to marked pathology the stress in the cartilagenous layers is disturbed in different ways.

[Hemophilic pseudotumors].

A review of the literature was made with special interest in morphology, pathogenesis and treatment of hemophilic pseudotumors. 110 reports of hemophilic pseudotumors were evaluated and compared with 25 own cases. The separation according to the inflicted site and the primarily involved anatomical structure revealed three types of hemophilic pseudotumors: 1.

[Conclusive significance of gait analyses at the pelvis-leg skeleton (author's transl)].

Functional analyses of the gait of healthy male volunteers show approximately identical coordination of movement under standardised conditions. In contrast thereto, marked differences can be seen if the joint functions are disturbed and if there is an associated muscular insufficiency. These changes can be seen even in very minor joint affections in pain-free condition.

[Electromyographic examination of the femoral muscles in hemophilic effusion in the knee-joint and in irritated conditions of the knee-joint (author's transl)].

In ten patients with acute effusion in the knee-joint due to hemophilia, or with chronic knee-joint affection, the maximal isometric contraction of the M. vastus medialis and lateralis and of the M. rectus femoris was measured by electromyography.

[Sawing and welding with ultrasonics. Experimental investigation to test the applicability of an apparatus for sawing and welding bone tissue with ultrasonics in orthopedics (author's transl)].

An experimental investigation of a procedure for sawing and welding of bone tissue with ultrasonics in the area of orthopedics was reported. The welding of bone with ultrasonic waves, bone meal and a plastic adhesive did not product satisfactory results in terms of stability and tissue reaction. The applicability of the ultrasonic saw is limited by the thickness of the bone on which the osteotomy is to be performed.