Translational Insights From Cell Type Variation Across Amygdala Subnuclei in Rhesus Monkeys and Humans.

Objective: Theories of amygdala function are central to our understanding of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, limited knowledge of the molecular and cellular composition of the amygdala impedes translational research aimed at developing new treatments and interventions. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the composition of amygdala cells to help bridge the gap between preclinical models and human psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Secondary structure changes as the potential H sensing mechanism of group D [FeFe]-hydrogenases.

[FeFe]-hydrogenases function as both H catalysts and sensors. While catalysis is well investigated, details regarding the H sensing mechanism are limited. Here, we relate protein structure changes to H sensing, similar to light-driven bio-sensors.

Altered brain metabolites in male nonhuman primate offspring exposed to maternal immune activation.

Converging data show that exposure to maternal immune activation (MIA) in utero alters brain development in animals and increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in humans. A recently developed non-human primate MIA model affords opportunities for studies with uniquely strong translational relevance to human neurodevelopment. The current longitudinal study used 1H-MRS to investigate the developmental trajectory of prefrontal cortex metabolites in male rhesus monkey offspring of dams (n = 14) exposed to a modified form of the inflammatory viral mimic, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly IC), in the late first trimester.

Comparison of Efficacy and Pharmacoeconomic Outcomes Between Calfactant and Poractant Alfa in Preterm Infants With Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Objectives: In order to evaluate the impact of the surfactant of choice selection, primary end points were to compare the average number of doses per patient, need for mechanical ventilation on day 3, hospital length of stay, and in-hospital mortality between calfactant and poractant alfa in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Secondary outcomes included administration complications, development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and estimated average per patient cost among the study population.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed at a level IV neonatal intensive care unit between January 2020 and December 2021 to compare the efficacy, safety, and pharmacoeconomic outcomes -following a surfactant of choice switch from calfactant to poractant alfa in preterm infants with RDS.

A Clinical User Study Investigating the Benefits of Adaptive Volumetric Illumination Sampling.

Accurate and fast understanding of the patient's anatomy is crucial in surgical decision making and particularly important in visceral surgery. Sophisticated visualization techniques such as 3D Volume Rendering can aid the surgeon and potentially lead to a benefit for the patient. Recently, we proposed a novel volume rendering technique called Adaptive Volumetric Illumination Sampling (AVIS) that can generate realistic lighting in real-time, even for high resolution images and volumes but without introducing additional image noise.

Kinetic Modeling of the Reversible or Irreversible Electrochemical Responses of FeFe-Hydrogenases.

The enzyme FeFe-hydrogenase catalyzes H evolution and oxidation at an active site that consists of a [4Fe-4S] cluster bridged to a [Fe(CO)(CN)(azadithiolate)] subsite. Previous investigations of its mechanism were mostly conducted on a few "prototypical" FeFe-hydrogenases, such as that from (Cr HydA1), but atypical hydrogenases have recently been characterized in an effort to explore the diversity of this class of enzymes. We aim at understanding why prototypical hydrogenases are active in either direction of the reaction in response to a small deviation from equilibrium, whereas the homologous enzyme from (Tam HydS) shows activity only under conditions of very high driving force, a behavior that was referred to as "irreversible catalysis".

Utilization of a High Potency Probiotic Product for Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants at a Level IV NICU.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal disease that can be seen in premature infants with high risk for morbidity and mortality. There is currently no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) medication approved for the prevention of NEC. Despite great heterogeneity among available studies, large meta-analyses of clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of multiple-strain probiotics in reducing NEC and all-cause mortality.

A phase-field model for non-small cell lung cancer under the effects of immunotherapy.

Formulating mathematical models that estimate tumor growth under therapy is vital for improving patient-specific treatment plans. In this context, we present our recent work on simulating non-small-scale cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a simple, deterministic setting for two different patients receiving an immunotherapeutic treatment. At its core, our model consists of a Cahn-Hilliard-based phase-field model describing the evolution of proliferative and necrotic tumor cells.

[Prevention, Diagnosis, Therapy, and Follow-up of Lung Cancer - Interdisciplinary Guideline of the German Respiratory Society and the German Cancer Society - Abridged Version].

The current S3 Lung Cancer Guidelines are edited with fundamental changes to the previous edition based on the dynamic influx of information to this field:The recommendations include de novo a mandatory case presentation for all patients with lung cancer in a multidisciplinary tumor board before initiation of treatment, furthermore CT-Screening for asymptomatic patients at risk (after federal approval), recommendations for incidental lung nodule management , molecular testing of all NSCLC independent of subtypes, EGFR-mutations in resectable early stage lung cancer in relapsed or recurrent disease, adjuvant TKI-therapy in the presence of common EGFR-mutations, adjuvant consolidation treatment with checkpoint inhibitors in resected lung cancer with PD-L1 ≥ 50%, obligatory evaluation of PD-L1-status, consolidation treatment with checkpoint inhibition after radiochemotherapy in patients with PD-L1-pos. tumor, adjuvant consolidation treatment with checkpoint inhibition in patients withPD-L1 ≥ 50% stage IIIA and treatment options in PD-L1 ≥ 50% tumors independent of PD-L1status and targeted therapy and treatment option immune chemotherapy in first line SCLC patients.Based on the current dynamic status of information in this field and the turnaround time required to implement new options, a transformation to a "living guideline" was proposed.

Communicating climate change and biodiversity loss with local populations: exploring communicative utopias in eight transdisciplinary case studies.

Climate change and biodiversity loss trigger policies targeting and impacting local communities worldwide. However, research and policy implementation often fail to sufficiently consider community responses and to involve them. We present the results of a collective self-assessment exercise for eight case studies of communications with regard to climate change or biodiversity loss between project teams and local communities.

Novel concepts and engineering strategies for heterologous expression of efficient hydrogenases in photosynthetic microorganisms.

Hydrogen is considered one of the key enablers of the transition towards a sustainable and net-zero carbon economy. When produced from renewable sources, hydrogen can be used as a clean and carbon-free energy carrier, as well as improve the sustainability of a wide range of industrial processes. Photobiological hydrogen production is considered one of the most promising technologies, avoiding the need for renewable electricity and rare earth metal elements, the demands for which are greatly increasing due to the current simultaneous electrification and decarbonization goals.

Early Detection of Lung Cancer Using Small RNAs.

Introduction: Lung cancer remains the deadliest cancer in the world, and lung cancer survival is heavily dependent on tumor stage at the time of detection. Low-dose computed tomography screening can reduce mortality; however, annual screening is limited by low adherence in the United States of America and still not broadly implemented in Europe. As a result, less than 10% of lung cancers are detected through existing programs.

Interference and attentional switching in aging.

Objective: Diffusion decision modeling (DDM) is a validated cognitive modeling method that has been used to provide insights into why older adults are slower than younger adults on a wide variety of cognitive tasks. DDM results have shown that increased processing time, caution, and sensorimotor factors have explained most of this slowing. Enhanced attentional processing of irrelevant information by older adults has also been reported in DDM studies but not explicitly studied.

Feasibility of Continuous Infusion of Cefiderocol in Conjunction with the Establishment of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Patients with Extensively Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Background And Objective: Resistance to antibacterial substances is a huge and still emerging issue, especially with regard to Gram-negative bacteria and in critically ill patients. We report a study in six patients infected with extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in a limited outbreak who were successfully managed with a quasi-continuous infusion of cefiderocol.

Methods: Patients were initially treated with prolonged infusions of cefiderocol over 3 h every 8 h, and the application mode was then switched to a quasi-continuous infusion of 2 g over 8 h, i.

Comparing Two Methods of Acute: Chronic Workload Calculations in Girls' Youth Volleyball.

Monitoring training load using acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) enables coaches to maximize fitness potential while mitigating injury risks by maintaining an optimal ACWR range. There are two methods of determining ACWR: rolling average (RA) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA). This study aimed to (1) compare weekly changes in kinetic energy (KE) output in female youth athletes ( = 24) during the high school (HSVB) and club volleyball (CVB) seasons and (2) evaluate the agreement in RA and EWMA ACWR calculations during the HSVB and CVB seasons.

Neuron-specific transcriptomic signatures indicate neuroinflammation and altered neuronal activity in ASD temporal cortex.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous disorder, yet transcriptomic profiling of bulk brain tissue has identified substantial convergence among dysregulated genes and pathways in ASD. However, this approach lacks cell-specific resolution. We performed comprehensive transcriptomic analyses on bulk tissue and laser-capture microdissected (LCM) neurons from 59 postmortem human brains (27 ASD and 32 controls) in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) of individuals ranging from 2 to 73 years of age.

Territory and population attributes affect Florida scrub-jay fecundity in fire-adapted ecosystems.

Fecundity, the number of young produced by a breeding pair during a breeding season, is a primary component in evolutionary and ecological theory and applications. Fecundity can be influenced by many environmental factors and requires long-term study due to the range of variation in ecosystem dynamics. Fecundity data often include a large proportion of zeros when many pairs fail to produce any young during a breeding season due to nest failure or when all young die independently after fledging.

Altered dendritic morphology in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of nonhuman primates prenatally exposed to maternal immune activation.

Women who contract a viral or bacterial infection during pregnancy have an increased risk of giving birth to a child with a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder. The effects of maternal infection are likely mediated by the maternal immune response, as preclinical animal models have confirmed that maternal immune activation (MIA) leads to long lasting changes in offspring brain and behavior development. The present study sought to determine the impact of MIA-exposure during the first or second trimester on neuronal morphology in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and hippocampus from brain tissue obtained from MIA-exposed and control male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) during late adolescence.

Nintedanib plus docetaxel after progression on first-line immunochemotherapy in patients with lung adenocarcinoma: Cohort C of the non-interventional study, VARGADO.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with or without chemotherapy represent first-line standard of care for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without targetable driver mutations. The most appropriate second-line therapy after failing immunochemotherapy remains an open question. Nintedanib, an oral triple angiokinase inhibitor that targets the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor, and, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, in combination with docetaxel, is approved for treatment of advanced NSCLC (adenocarcinoma histology) following progression on first-line chemotherapy.

Crossover Patient Outcomes for Targeted Lung Denervation in Moderate to Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: AIRFLOW-2.

Background: Targeted Lung Denervation (TLD) is a potential new therapy for COPD. Radiofrequency energy is bronchoscopically delivered to the airways to disrupt pulmonary parasympathetic nerves, to reduce bronchoconstriction, mucus hypersecretion, and bronchial hyperreactivity.

Objectives: This work assesses the effect of TLD on COPD exacerbations (AECOPD) in crossover subjects in the AIRFLOW-2 trial.

Erratum: Ancestral diversity improves discovery and fine-mapping of genetic loci for anthropometric traits-The Hispanic/Latino Anthropometry Consortium.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.