Modulation of human fibroblast activity by selected angiogenesis inhibitors.

Tenon's fibroblast (TF) bleb encapsulation is a common cause of filtering surgery failure. Various pharmacologic agents have been used in an attempt to inhibit this response. The effects of three angiogenesis inhibitors were studied.

Nitrovasodilator effects on intraocular pressure and outflow facility in monkeys.

The nitrovasodilators nitroglycerin (NTG) and hydralazine (HZN) were investigated for their effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) and outflow facility in the cynomolgus monkey eye in vivo. Fifty microliters of 0.1% HZN were administered topically in masked, randomized, crossover, placebo controlled trials, and by intracameral perfusion.

Comparison of Nidek 3Dx and Donaldson simultaneous stereoscopic disk photography.

We performed a retrospective study on 100 eyes of 55 consecutive patients to compare the stereoscopic quality of simultaneous stereoscopic disk photographs and the reproducibility of optic nerve assessments using the Nidek 3Dx system and the Donaldson fundus camera. Photographs were taken on the same eyes on the same dates and reviewed independently by one clinician three times in a randomized, masked fashion. Mean cup/disk ratios using the Nidek 3Dx system were similar to mean cup/disk ratios using the Donaldson camera.

In vivo retinal imaging by optical coherence tomography.

We describe what are to our knowledge the first in vivo measurements of human retinal structure with optical coherence tomography. These images represent the highest depth resolution in vivo retinal images to date. The tomographic system, image-processing techniques, and examples of high-resolution tomographs and their clinical relevance are discussed.

Ocular hypotony after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C.

Because mitomycin C reduces the resistance to aqueous outflow normally provided by postoperative subconjunctival fibrosis, we would expect to see more frequent hypotony after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C than after standard trabeculectomy. To evaluate the incidence of hypotony in trabeculectomy with intraoperative mitomycin C use, we performed a retrospective analysis on 52 eyes of 48 patients who underwent trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. Mitomycin C concentration was 0.

Holmium laser sclerectomy. Success and complications.

Purpose: To investigate the safety and efficacy of holmium YAG laser sclerectomy, a new laser filtration procedure.

Methods: The authors performed holmium YAG laser sclerectomy on 49 eyes of 46 patients (mean follow-up, 12.3 +/- 1.

Picosecond neodymium:yttrium lithium fluoride laser sclerectomy.

The picosecond neodymium:yttrium lithium fluoride laser, a high-power, short-pulse laser that uses low energy per pulse and has a high repetition rate and a highly coherent energy source of 1,053 nm, was used to perform sclerectomies by an ab externo approach in human cadaver eyes. We evaluated laser settings with regard to full-thickness scleral perforation and thermal damage to surrounding tissue. We studied energy per pulse, depth per burst (a present number of spots), spot and line separation of the pattern (spacing between spots of the laser in length [spot separation] and width [line separation]), and total energy required to perforate the sclera.

The Relationship Between Botulinal Toxin Production and Spoilage of Fresh Tomatoes Held at 13 and 23°C Under Passively Modified and Controlled Atmospheres and Air.

The formation of botulinal toxin relative to spoilage of fresh whole tomatoes was investigated at 13 and 23°C under passively modified (MA) and controlled atmospheres (CA) and air. Tomatoes were subsurface inoculated with a composite of type A and proteolytic and nonproteolytic type B strains of Clostridium botulinum spores. Some were also inoculated with Alternaria mold spores.

Contact transscleral Nd:YAG laser cyclophotocoagulation. Midterm results.

Background: Early reports of both contact and noncontact transscleral Nd:YAG laser cyclophotocoagulation have been encouraging; however, recent evidence indicates a significant incidence of hypotony, visual loss, and phthisis with the noncontact technique with more than 6 months of follow-up. The authors sought to determine the intermediate term effects of contact transscleral Nd:YAG laser cyclophotocoagulation (CYC).

Methods: The authors followed 116 eyes of 114 patients for a minimum of 1 year after treatment of advanced glaucoma with CYC.

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus occurs worldwide, usually in healthy adults, but, increasingly in patients who are immunocompromised. After primary varicella infection (chickenpox), the virus lies dormant in the sensory ganglion until it becomes reactivated as zoster. Involvement of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve is characterized early by corneal dysesthesia and dendritiform keratopathy, and these are self-limited.

Optical coherence tomography.

A technique called optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been developed for noninvasive cross-sectional imaging in biological systems. OCT uses low-coherence interferometry to produce a two-dimensional image of optical scattering from internal tissue microstructures in a way that is analogous to ultrasonic pulse-echo imaging. OCT has longitudinal and lateral spatial resolutions of a few micrometers and can detect reflected signals as small as approximately 10(-10) of the incident optical power.

Energy levels and probe placement in contact transscleral semiconductor diode laser cyclophotocoagulation in human cadaver eyes.

We investigated the effects of semiconductor diode laser contact transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in human cadaver eyes by gross examination, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy to determine optimum clinical treatment parameters. Irradiation was performed using a continuous-wave semiconductor diode laser with a fiber-optic probe. At 1.

MK-507 versus sezolamide. Comparative efficacy of two topically active carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors MK-507 and sezolamide hydrochloride (previously known as MK-417) were compared in a double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled study in 82 patients with bilateral primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. MK-507 was given every 8 or 12 hours, sezolamide every 8 hours, or placebo every 8 or 12 hours for 4 days. Both drugs lowered intraocular pressure (IOP) substantially.

Effect of endothelin on outflow facility and accommodation in the monkey eye in vivo.

The effect of the vasoactive peptide, endothelin, on facility of outflow, accommodation, and pupil diameter was measured in the monkey eye in vivo. Endothelin increased the outflow facility 22-71% at approximate anterior chamber concentrations ranging from 10(-10)-10(-7) M. Endothelin-induced accommodation was modest but consistent and statistically significant ranging from 1.

Experimental use of semiconductor diode laser in contact transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in rabbits.

Acute and long-term effects of contact transscleral semiconductor diode laser cyclophotocoagulation were studied in rabbits. Immediately following cyclophotocoagulation, light microscopy revealed coagulation necrosis of the ciliary pigmented and nonpigmented epithelia and stroma; destruction increased in relation to power. There was architectural disruption with higher energy levels.

Contact transscleral continuous wave neodymium:YAG laser cyclophotocoagulation.

Advanced glaucoma in 140 eyes of 136 patients was treated with contact transscleral continuous wave neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser cyclophotocoagulation (CYC) with a sapphire-tipped probe. The anterior edge of the probe was placed 0.5 to 1.