New pharmacokinetic methods. III. Two simple test for "deep pool effect".

If a portion of administered drug is distributed into a "deep" peripheral compartment, the drug's actual elimination half-life during the terminal exponential phase of elimination may be longer than determined by a single dose study or a tracer dose study ("deep pool effect"). Two simple methods of testing for "deep pool effect" applicable to drugs with either linear or nonlinear pharmacokinetic properties are described. The methods are illustrated with stable isotope labeled (13C15N2) tracer dose studies of phenytoin.

Enzymatic mechanism of creatine amidinohydrolase as deduced from crystal structures.

Crystal structures of the enzyme creatine amidinohydrolase (creatinase, EC 3.5.3.

New pharmacokinetic methods. II: Determination of the presence or absence of product inhibition in drugs with nonlinear pharmacokinetics.

We show that for drugs metabolized by one enzyme the slope of a plot of serum concentration (C) versus 1/clearance (CL) is linear with a value of 1/Vmax in the presence of substrate saturation and may be linear (rarely) or curved (usually) with a slope always greater than 1/Vmax in the presence of substrate saturation and product inhibition (competitive, noncompetitive, or uncompetitive) when the serum concentration of product varies with the serum concentration of substrate. Serum concentration, CL, and Vmax were determined for a group of six subjects receiving phenytoin monotherapy using three approaches. With each approach: 1) a plot C versus 1/CL was linear (r greater than or equal to 0.

[Current risk of heart catheterization study and angiocardiography in children. A prospective study].

Parental permission for cardiac catheterization assumes detailed information about the character and frequency of all potential and inevitable threatening complications despite of maximal care. However, data on this subject were derived mainly from older and/or retrospective studies. In order to evaluate the actual risk we performed a prospective study lasting 11 months.

[Morphofunctional studies of the masticatory apparatus].

Biophysical studies of the orofacial system require a profound knowledge of the development and morphology of the skull. The skull is the result of phylogenetic and ontogenetic evolution. A great number of multifarious factors have effects on the growth of the skull.

IgG and IgA content of vaginal fluid during the menstrual cycle.

Immunoglobulin levels in cervicovaginal secretions during the menstrual cycle have not been well characterized biochemically. We determined the IgG and IgA concentrations in vaginal fluid obtained by patient self-sampling with an Ovu-Trac aspirator. Vaginal fluid IgG levels were less than 1-270 mg/dL.

Control of formation of active soluble or inactive insoluble baker's yeast alpha-glucosidase PI in Escherichia coli by induction and growth conditions.

Using standard growth conditions (LB medium, 37 degrees C, induction with 5 mM IPTG) yeast alpha-glucosidase PI expressed under the control of the regulated tac-hybrid promoter results in the synthesis of insoluble aggregated alpha-glucosidase granules in Escherichia coli. Under these conditions active soluble alpha-glucosidase amounts to less than 1% of the heterologously produced protein. However, the amount of soluble active alpha-glucosidase was dramatically increased when the strong tac-hybrid promoter was to a limited extent induced.

Innervation pattern in jaw muscles of various mammalian chewing types.

The intramuscular nerve branches of the masticatory muscles were investigated in different mammalian species such as Canis familiaris, Capreolus capreolus, Capra hircus africans, Bos primigenius forma taurus, Myocastor coypus MOLINA 1782, Sus scrofa domestica, Pan troglodytes, Homo sapiens. The ramifications of the nerves form a specific pattern that is adapted to the specialised muscle structures in all mammalian chewing type. The innervation pattern is fully consistent with the infrastructures of the muscles which are already fixed at birth.

[The temporomandibular joint--structure and function during the course of development].

The temporomandibular joint is one of the most complicated articulations of our body. Its relative stability of function is in contrast to the apparent instability of some structures enclosed. The paper summarizes some thoughts about this joint and it should be stressed the especial difficulty in teaching the joint in the stomatological anatomy.

Cloning and characterization of baker's yeast alpha-glucosidase: over-expression in a yeast strain devoid of vacuolar proteinases.

Two alpha-glucosidase (maltase) genes, designated GLUCPI and GLUCPII, have been cloned from an industrial strain of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) by complementation of a maltase-negative mutant strain. The different genes were identified according to their alternatively expressed isoenzymes PI and PII in transformants after isoelectric focusing and activity staining in separated cell lysates. The gene encoding alpha-glucosidase PI (GLUCPI), which was not present in laboratory strains of S.

Crystal structure determination, refinement and molecular model of creatine amidinohydrolase from Pseudomonas putida.

The three-dimensional crystal structure of creatine amidinohydrolase (creatinase EC 3.5.3.

Complete thrombotic obliteration of the ascending aorta and the aortic arch as a cause of acute heart failure in a newborn.

Thrombosis of the great vessels, and especially of the aorta, is rare in neonates. We report a case with thrombosis of the ascending aorta, aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk and subclavian artery. Clinically, severe heart failure occurred on the 1st day of life and the diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization, including angiocardiography.

Immunology of spermatozoa and cervical mucus.

Auto-immunization of the male and iso-immunization of the female with spermatozoal or testicular material can lead to a significant impairment of fertility. Interference of sperm antibodies with reproductive processes may occur by impairment of sperm migration through cervix, uterus and tubes and by blocking adherence of spermatozoa to the surface of the zona pellucida of the oocyte. A very important point to consider in this context is the immunological situation in the female genital tract which is a target organ for sex hormones.

[Craniofacial growth under the influence of the blood supply. 12. Regulation of bone remodeling].

Growth is controlled by phylogenetic and ontogenetic factors. Regulation of bone growth can be regarded as taking place at 3 levels, a high, general level at which genetics and hormones represent the main regulators, a middle, regional level where the vascular influence predominates, and a low, local level dominated by mechanical factors. Stresses within the bone, which under physiological conditions are in a state of dynamic equilibrium, play a significant role in the shaping of bony structures.

[Craniofacial growth under the influence of the blood supply. II. Skull scoliosis].

After unilateral ligature of the common carotid artery in young rats, the rostrum was observed to shift towards the ligated side. The scoliosis was combined with arthropathic changes in the temporomandibular joint. The deflection of the rostrum is situated in the region of the right premaxillar bone.

Molecular cloning of the cDNA coding for human C1 inhibitor.

A clone coding for the precursor form of C1 inhibitor has been isolated from a human liver cDNA library constructed in lambda gt11. This clone contains a cDNA insert of 1777 nucleotides, which includes 63 nucleotides coding for a signal sequence of 21 amino acids, 1434 nucleotides coding for the mature protein of 478 amino acids, a stop codon of TGA, and 265 nucleotides of the 3'-noncoding sequence followed by a poly(A) tail of 12 nucleotides. The predicted amino acid sequence of mature C1 inhibitor contains a unique region (positions 43 to 97) of 14 tandemly repeated copies of the tetrapeptide Gln-Pro-Thr-Thr and variants thereof.

[The tongue as a factor in craniofacial growth. 2. The influence of the width dimension of the lower jaw].

The role played by the tongue in orofacial growth is also indicated by the reduced width of the lower jaw. In miniature pigs MINI-LEWE that were partially glossectomized at an age of 12 weeks lateral growth of the whole lower jaw was reduced after eight months. In animals that had been glossectomized at an age of six weeks lateral growth of the lower jaw was reduced in the region of the 1st deciduous molars and the canines right months after glossectomy.

[The tongue as a factor in craniofacial growth. 3. The influence of the height and angle of the lower jaw].

In the miniature pig MINI-LEWE partial glossectomy had no significant effects on vertical growth of the lower jaw, growth of the upper jaw or overall skull growth. No relationship was found between age at glossectomy or post-surgical interval and the size of the gonion angle. The tongue, peri-oral muscles and the muscles of the floor of the mouth are in a state of functional equilibrium which changes in the course of development, the influence of either the tongue or the peri-oral muscles increasing as a result.

[Craniofacial growth under the influence of the blood supply. 14. Theoretical deductions and clinical conclusion].

After eliminating the masticatory muscles as a growth factor in our animal model is was possible to analyze the blood supply to the skull in sufficient detail. The animal organism and its parts may be regarded as self-regulating, self-optimizing and self-adapting systems. Open systems exchange energy and material with their surroundings.

[The tongue as a factor in craniofacial growth. 1. Modification of the linear dimensions of the lower jaw].

The influence of the tongue on craniofacial growth was studied in 96 miniature pigs MINI-LEWE. The animals were partially glossectomized at different ages and slaughtered at various post-operative intervals. The skulls were macerated for biometric analysis.