Cost of overweight, obesity, and related complications in Switzerland 2021.

Background: The prevalence of obesity has increased significantly in recent decades. Today, it is estimated that more than one-third of the world's population has overweight or obesity, rendering it one of the most significant global health concerns. This article provides a current estimate of the direct costs associated with managing overweight and obesity, including treatment of related complications, among adolescents (≥15 years) and adults in Switzerland.

[Obesity and kidney disease].

The obesity epidemic has led to an increased prevalence of obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG). This disease is characte-rized by proteinuria, glomerulomegaly, progressive glomerulosclerosis and a decline in renal function. Individuals with obesity frequently display arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, exacerbating renal damage.

[Medical interventions for the therapy of obesity].

Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by increased body fat mass and adipose tissue dysfunction, the pathogenesis of which is based on a neurobiological regulatory disorder of energy homeostasis. The primary aim of medical obesity therapy is to reduce the pathologically increased body fat mass and thus prevent secondary diseases and improve comorbidities. In this sense, bariatric-metabolic surgery is currently the most effective obesity therapy.

Hypoglycemia Unawareness-A Review on Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications.

Hypoglycemia is a particular problem in people with diabetes while it can also occur in other clinical circumstances. Hypoglycemia unawareness describes a condition in which autonomic and neuroglycopenic symptoms of hypoglycemia decrease and hence are hardly perceivable. A failure to recognize hypoglycemia in time can lead to unconsciousness, seizure, and even death.

Real-World Use of Oral Semaglutide in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: The PIONEER REAL Switzerland Multicentre, Prospective, Observational Study.

Introduction: Real-world data provide insight into how medications perform in clinical practice. The PIONEER REAL Switzerland study aimed to understand clinical outcomes with oral semaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: PIONEER REAL Switzerland was a 34-44-week, multicentre, prospective, non-interventional, single-arm study of adults with T2D naïve to injectable glucose-lowering medication who were initiated on oral semaglutide in routine clinical practice.

Weight loss and treatment patterns in a real-world population of adults receiving liraglutide 3.0 mg for weight management in routine clinical practice in Switzerland (ADDRESS study).

Aim: To assess weight loss associated with liraglutide 3.0 mg treatment in individuals with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m ) or overweight (BMI > 27 to <30 kg/m ) in a reimbursed, real-world setting in Switzerland.

Materials And Methods: ADDRESS was a non-comparative, multicentre, retrospective exposure cohort study in Switzerland, examining weight loss in individuals with obesity or overweight whose treatment was reimbursed (divided into BMI subgroups) or non-reimbursed.

Awareness and knowledge of diabetic ketoacidosis in people with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional, multicenter survey.

Introduction: To evaluate awareness and knowledge of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a common and potentially life-threatening complication in people living with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Research Design And Methods: A survey was developed to assess individuals' current knowledge, management, and unmet needs regarding DKA. The study was conducted in six Swiss and three German endocrine outpatient clinics specialized in the treatment of diabetes.

The 'Behavioral Balance Model': A new perspective on the aetiology and therapy of obesity.

Obesity is a debilitating disease of global proportions that necessitates refined, concept-driven therapeutic approaches. Policy makers, the public and even health care professionals, but also individuals with obesity harbour many misconceptions regarding this disease, which leads to prejudice, negative attitudes, stigmatization, discrimination, self-blame, and failure to provide and finance adequate medical care. Decades of intensive, successful scientific research on obesity have only had a very limited effect on this predicament.

Late, but Not Early, Night Sleep Loss Compromises Neuroendocrine Appetite Regulation and the Desire for Food.

Objective: There is evidence that reduced sleep duration increases hunger, appetite, and food intake, leading to metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. However, the impact of sleep timing, irrespective of its duration and on the regulation of hunger and appetite, is less clear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of sleep loss during the late vs.

Long-term outcomes after gastric bypass surgery in patients with craniopharyngioma-related hypothalamic obesity-Three cases with 7, 8, and 14 years follow-up.

Introduction: Craniopharyngioma is a brain tumor, resection which often results in hypothalamic damage leading to severe obesity. While small case series and case-control studies have shown the benefits of bariatric surgery in patients with craniopharyngioma-related hypothalamic obesity, long-term results (>5 years) have not been reported so far.

Methods: We analyzed data from 3 cases with craniopharyngioma-related hypothalamic obesity who had undergone (one proximal, two very long limb distal) Roux-en Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery 7, 8, and 14 years before their latest follow-up visit.

Real-world use of once-weekly semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: pooled analysis of data from four SURE studies by baseline characteristic subgroups.

Introduction: This post hoc pooled analysis of four real-world studies (SURE Canada, Denmark/Sweden, Switzerland and UK) aimed to characterize the use of once-weekly (OW) semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Research Design And Methods: The Semaglutide Real-world Evidence (SURE) studies had a duration of ~30 weeks. Changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA) and body weight (BW) were analyzed for the overall population and the following baseline subgroups: GLP-1RA-naïve/GLP-1RA switchers; body mass index <25/≥25-<30/≥30-<35/≥35 kg/m; age <65/≥65 years; HbA <7%/≥7-≤8%/>8-≤9%/>9%; T2D duration <5/≥5-<10/≥10 years.

CRISPR-based gene disruption and integration of high-avidity, WT1-specific T cell receptors improve antitumor T cell function.

T cell receptor (TCR)-based therapy has the potential to induce durable clinical responses in patients with cancer by targeting intracellular tumor antigens with high sensitivity and by promoting T cell survival. However, the need for TCRs specific for shared oncogenic antigens and the need for manufacturing protocols able to redirect T cell specificity while preserving T cell fitness remain limiting factors. By longitudinal monitoring of T cell functionality and dynamics in 15 healthy donors, we isolated 19 TCRs specific for Wilms' tumor antigen 1 (WT1), which is overexpressed by several tumor types.

Impact of Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio Point-of-Care Testing on the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Background: For the diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), quantitative albuminuria measurement using the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) is recommended according to various guidelines. It can be measured either in specialized laboratories or using ACR point-of-care testing (POCT). This observational study aims at evaluating the effect of ACR POCT utilization on the DKD diagnosis and treatment management for glycemic control and blood pressure.

Real-world use of once-weekly semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: Results from the SURE Switzerland multicentre, prospective, observational study.

Aims: SURE Switzerland (NCT03631186) investigated real-world once-weekly (OW) semaglutide use in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: This multicentre, prospective, observational study enrolled adults with T2D with ≥ 1 documented HbA value ≤ 12 weeks before semaglutide initiation. Primary endpoint was change in HbA from baseline to end of study (EOS; ~30 weeks).

Chronobiological aspects of sleep restriction modulate subsequent spontaneous physical activity.

Purpose: First evidence suggests that chronobiological aspects of sleep restriction affect metabolic conditions. Our aim was to investigate whether spontaneous free-living physical activity likewise is affected by chronobiological timing of short sleep.

Methods: In an experimental randomized, balanced cross-over design, eleven healthy, normal-weight (BMI: 23.

Spiroergometric assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness in subjects with severe obesity: A challenge of reference.

Background And Aims: Severe obesity is associated with poor physical performance but objective data are scarce.

Methods And Results: Bicycle spiroergometry data with focus on peak oxygen uptake (V˙O) and workload (W) from 476 subjects with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 35.0 kg/m; 70% women) were analysed.

Clinical benefits of switching to insulin degludec irrespective of previous basal insulin therapy in people with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes: evidence from a European, multicentre, retrospective, non-interventional study (EU-TREAT).

Aims: To investigate whether the benefits of switching to insulin degludec observed in the European retrospective chart review study EU-TREAT were dependent on the previous basal insulin used.

Methods: People with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes were switched to insulin degludec from other basal insulins ≥6 months before data collection. Participants were stratified into three groups based on their previous basal insulin: insulin glargine 100 units/ml (Type 1: n=888; Type 2: n=259); insulin detemir (Type 1: n=726; Type 2: n=415); and neutral protamine Hagedorn (Type 1: n=53; Type 2: n=95).

Switching "Real-World" Diabetes Patients to Degludec from Other Basal Insulins Provides Different Clinical Benefits According to Their Baseline Glycemic Control.

Introduction: The stable, ultra-long duration of action of insulin degludec (degludec) minimizes fluctuations in glucose-lowering activity over the daily (24-h) dosing period, and comparative studies with other basal insulins suggest that these properties translate into a lower risk of hypoglycemia at equivalent levels of glycemic control. Results from the real-world European multicenter, retrospective chart review study of 2550 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D) in routine clinical care EU-TREAT (NCT02662114) showed that patients benefited from improved glycemic control and significantly reduced rates of hypoglycemia following a switch to degludec.

Methods: In this post hoc analysis, EU-TREAT patients were stratified into good (≤ 7.