Experimental Investigation of the Efficacy of Preemptive Tilting Seats in mitigating Carsickness.

Carsickness (CS) experienced by vehicle passengers is a critical unsolved challenge that impacts existing human-driven vehicles and may limit the adoption of future autonomous vehicles. If CS is reduced, then passengers can perform productive tasks during their commutes. Prior research has demonstrated that a preemptively triggered tilting seat system (TSS), i.

Dysexecutive difficulty and subtle everyday functional disabilities: the digital Trail Making Test.

Background: Digital neuropsychological tests reliably capture real-time, process-based behavior that traditional paper/pencil tests cannot detect, enabling earlier detection of neurodegenerative illness. We assessed relations between informant-based subtle and mild functional decline and process-based features extracted from the digital Trail Making Test-Part B (dTMT-B).

Methods: A total of 321 community-dwelling participants (56.

Resumption of Elective Orthopaedic Surgery in the US Epicenter of COVID-19: Overcoming the Continuous Challenges.

On 1 March 2020, New York State confirmed its first case of COVID-19. An explosive progression of hospitalizations ensued, and all elective surgeries were cancelled between 23 March and 13 May 2020 per federal and state mandate. Upon return to elective surgery in May, 2020, the hospital found itself navigating uncharted territory.

Resumption of Elective Orthopaedic Surgery in the US Epicenter of COVID-19.

On March 1, 2020, New York State confirmed its first case of COVID-19. This state has had the largest initial mortality in the United States with more than 479,000 confirmed cases and over 25,000 deaths as of October 10, 2020. All elective surgeries in New York State were suspended on March 23, 2020, due to the national state of emergency.

Thickness Trends of Electron and Hole Conduction and Contact Carrier Injection in Surface Charge Transfer Doped 2D Field Effect Transistors.

One of the main limiting factors in the performance of devices based on two-dimensional (2D) materials is Fermi level pinning at the contacts, which creates Schottky barriers (SBs) that increase contact resistance and, for most transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), limit hole conduction. A promising method to mitigate these problems is surface charge transfer doping (SCTD), which places fixed charge at the surface of the material and thins the SBs by locally shifting the energy bands. We use a mild O plasma to convert the top few layers of a given TMD into a substoichiometric oxide that serves as a p-type SCTD layer.

Assembly and operation of an open-source, computer numerical controlled (CNC) robot for performing cranial microsurgical procedures.

Cranial microsurgery is an essential procedure for accessing the brain through the skull that can be used to introduce neural probes that measure and manipulate neural activity. Neuroscientists have typically used tools such as high-speed drills adapted from dentistry to perform these procedures. As the number of technologies available for neuroscientists has increased, the corresponding cranial microsurgery procedures to deploy them have become more complex.

Identification of Suppressors of Embryonic Lethality in .

Topoisomerase II is an enzyme with important roles in chromosome biology. This enzyme relieves supercoiling and DNA and RNA entanglements generated during mitosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that Topoisomerase II is also involved in the segregation of homologous chromosomes during the first meiotic division.

Promoting Relational Agent for Health Behavior Change in Low and Middle - Income Countries (LMICs): Issues and Approaches.

The use of contemporary technologies in healthcare systems to improve quality of care and to promote behavioral healthcare outcomes are prevalent in high-income countries. However, low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are not receiving the same advantages of technology, which may be due to inadequate technological infrastructure and financial resources, lack of interest among policy makers and healthcare service providers, lack of skills and capacity among healthcare professionals in using technology based interventions, and resistance of the public to the use of technologies for healthcare or health promotion activities. Technology-based interventions offer considerable promise to develop entirely new models of healthcare both within and outside of formal systems of care and offer the opportunity to have a large public health impact.

Carbon doping of WS monolayers: Bandgap reduction and p-type doping transport.

Chemical doping constitutes an effective route to alter the electronic, chemical, and optical properties of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs). We used a plasma-assisted method to introduce carbon-hydrogen (CH) units into WS monolayers. We found CH-groups to be the most stable dopant to introduce carbon into WS, which led to a reduction of the optical bandgap from 1.

Defect-Controlled Nucleation and Orientation of WSe on hBN: A Route to Single-Crystal Epitaxial Monolayers.

A defect-controlled approach for the nucleation and epitaxial growth of WSe on hBN is demonstrated. The WSe domains exhibit a preferred orientation of over 95%, leading to a reduced density of inversion domain boundaries (IDBs) upon coalescence. First-principles calculations and experimental studies as a function of growth conditions and substrate pretreatment confirm that WSe nucleation density and orientation are controlled by the hBN surface defect density rather than thermodynamic factors.

Craniobot: A computer numerical controlled robot for cranial microsurgeries.

Over the last few decades, a plethora of tools has been developed for neuroscientists to interface with the brain. Implementing these tools requires precisely removing sections of the skull to access the brain. These delicate cranial microsurgical procedures need to be performed on the sub-millimeter thick bone without damaging the underlying tissue and therefore, require significant training.

Mobility Deception in Nanoscale Transistors: An Untold Contact Story.

Mobility is a critical parameter that is routinely used for benchmarking the performance of field-effect transistors (FETs) based on novel nanomaterials. In fact, mobility values are often used to champion nanomaterials since high-performance devices necessitate high mobility values. The current belief is that the contacts can only limit the FET performance and hence the extracted mobility is an underestimation of the true channel mobility.

A Sleep Medicine Curriculum for Pulmonary and Pulmonary/Critical Care Fellowship Programs: A Multisociety Expert Panel Report.

Background: Pulmonary medicine specialists find themselves responsible for the diagnosis and management of patients with sleep disorders. Despite the increasing prevalence of many of these conditions, many sleep medicine fellowship training slots go unfilled, leading to a growing gap between the volume of patients seeking care for sleep abnormalities and the number of physicians formally trained to manage them. To address this need, we convened a multisociety panel to develop a list of curricular recommendations related to sleep medicine for pulmonary fellowship training programs.

Defect Dynamics in 2-D MoS Probed by Using Machine Learning, Atomistic Simulations, and High-Resolution Microscopy.

Structural defects govern various physical, chemical, and optoelectronic properties of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). A fundamental understanding of the spatial distribution and dynamics of defects in these low-dimensional systems is critical for advances in nanotechnology. However, such understanding has remained elusive primarily due to the inaccessibility of (a) necessary time scales via standard atomistic simulations and (b) required spatiotemporal resolution in experiments.

Acceptability and functionality of the "Kettle Strap": An attempt to decrease kettle related burns in children.

Background: Extensive hot water burns (HWB) are common at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital (RCWMCH). The majority are caused by kettle scalds. These burn injuries usually affect toddlers living in poor socio-economic circumstances.

Inter-rater agreement for visual discrimination of phasic and tonic electromyographic activity in sleep.

Study Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the confidence of expert raters in discriminating phasic and tonic electromyographic (EMG) activity. We undertook this study because we suspected that even expert scorers may disagree on whether a given EMG segment contained phasic activity, tonic activity, or both.

Methods: Six individuals holding either Fellowship status in the American Academy of Sleep Medicine or Board Certification in Sleep Medicine with at least 5 years experience in interpreting polysomnography visually examined 60 segments containing EMG activity.

Contact engineering for 2D materials and devices.

Over the past decade, the field of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials has surged, promising a new platform for studying diverse physical phenomena that are scientifically intriguing and technologically relevant. Contacts are the communication links between these 2D materials and the three-dimensional world for probing and harnessing their exquisite electronic properties. However, fundamental challenges related to contacts often limit the ultimate performance and potential of 2D materials and devices.

Superior Electro-Oxidation and Corrosion Resistance of Monolayer Transition Metal Disulfides.

Physics of monolayer and few-layer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and chemistry of few-layer TMDs have been well studied in recent years in the context of future electronic, optoelectronic, and energy harvesting applications. However, what has escaped the attention of the scientific community is the unique chemistry of monolayer TMDs. It has been demonstrated that the basal plane of multilayer TMDs is chemically inert, whereas edge sites are chemically active.

Facile Electrochemical Synthesis of 2D Monolayers for High-Performance Thin-Film Transistors.

In this paper, we report high-performance monolayer thin-film transistors (TFTs) based on a variety of two-dimensional layered semiconductors such as MoS, WS, and MoSe which were obtained from their corresponding bulk counterparts via an anomalous but high-yield and low-cost electrochemical corrosion process, also referred to as electro-ablation (EA), at room temperature. These monolayer TFTs demonstrated current ON-OFF ratios in excess of 10 along with ON currents of 120 μA/μm for MoS, 40 μA/μm for WS, and 40 μA/μm for MoSe which clearly outperform the existing TFT technologies. We found that these monolayers have larger Schottky barriers for electron injection compared to their multilayer counterparts, which is partially compensated by their superior electrostatics and ultra-thin tunnel barriers.