The development and evaluation of multiple regression equations based on four common nutritional analysis packages to predict the metabolisable energy density of diets fed to grower/finisher and adult pigs and their use for rat and mouse diets.

We have used multiple regression analyses to develop a series of metabolisable energy (ME) prediction equations from chemical analyses of pig diets that can be extended to murine diets. We compiled four datasets from an extensive range of published metabolism studies with grower/finisher and adult pigs. The analytes in the datasets were increasingly complex, comprising: 1.

Benchmarking R&D success rates of leading pharmaceutical companies: an empirical analysis of FDA approvals (2006-2022).

Previous analyses provide an industry benchmark of ∼10% for the success rate in clinical development. However, prior analyses were limited by a narrow timeframe, a diverse research focus, biases in phase-to-phase transition methodology or a focus on specific use cases. We calculated unbiased input:output ratios (Phase I to FDA new drug approval) to analyze the likelihood of first approval using data from clinicaltrials.

Pharma innovation: how evolutionary economics is shaping the future of pharma R&D.

This paper describes the theory of evolutionary economics in the context of pharmaceutical R&D. In this context, the R&D productivity crisis acts as a key selection mechanism, and R&D, technology and industry trends provide mechanisms of variation. Drawing on today's prevailing business model among leading pharmaceutical companies, the biotech-leveraged pharma company (BIPCO), I propose two new value creation logics: the technology-investigating pharma company (TIPCO) and the asset-integrating pharma company (AIPCO).

Single-Domain Antibodies as Antibody-Drug Conjugates: From Promise to Practice-A Systematic Review.

Background: Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent potent cancer therapies that deliver highly toxic drugs to tumor cells precisely, thus allowing for targeted treatment and significantly reducing off-target effects. Despite their effectiveness, ADCs can face limitations due to acquired resistance and potential side effects.

Objectives: This study focuses on advances in various ADC components to improve both the efficacy and safety of these agents, and includes the analysis of several novel ADC formats.

Comparative analysis of FDA approvals by top 20 pharma companies (2014-2023).

This article addresses the research and development (R&D) productivity challenge of the pharmaceutical industry, focusing on United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-related new drug approvals of the top 20 pharmaceutical companies (2014-2023). We evaluated the degree of innovation in new drugs to determine the innovativeness of these leading companies. A key finding of our analysis is the decline in the number of new drugs approved by the FDA for these leading companies over the investigated time period.

Epidemiology, Diagnostic Strategies, and Therapeutic Advances in Diffuse Midline Glioma.

Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a highly aggressive and lethal brain tumor predominantly affecting children and young adults. Previously known as diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) or grade IV brain stem glioma, DMG has recently been reclassified as "diffuse midline glioma" according to the WHO CNS5 nomenclature, expanding the DMG demographic. Limited therapeutic options result in a poor prognosis, despite advances in diagnosis and treatment.

Analysis of pharma R&D productivity - a new perspective needed.

R&D productivity continues to be the industry's grand challenge. We analyzed the R&D input, output, and outcome of 16 leading research-based pharmaceutical companies over 20 years (2001-2020). Our analysis shows that pharma companies increased their R&D spending at a compound annual growth rate of 6% (2001-2020) to an average R&D expenditure per company of $6.

Spheresomes are the main extracellular vesicles in low-grade gliomas.

Cancer progression and its impact on treatment response and prognosis is deeply regulated by tumour microenvironment (TME). Cancer cells are in constant communication and modulate TME through several mechanisms, including transfer of tumour-promoting cargos through extracellular vesicles (EVs) or oncogenic signal detection by primary cilia. Spheresomes are a specific EV that arise from rough endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi vesicles.

Analysis and evaluation of developed and used health scores.

This systematic review provides an overview of existing multidimensional health scores, including an assessment of their holistic value (coverage of all determinants and dimensions of health), and a systematic comparison of their properties. The review is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Literature searches were conducted in English (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences) and German databases (BISp-Surf, BIBNET).

Nanobodies targeting ABCC3 for immunotargeted applications in glioblastoma.

The cancer "omics" reveal many clinically relevant alterations that are transforming the molecular characterization of glioblastomas. However, many of these findings are not yet translated into clinical practice due, in part, to the lack of non-invasive biomarkers and the limitations imposed by the blood-brain barrier. Nanobodies, camelid single-domain antibody fragments, emerge as a promising tool for immunotargeted applications for diagnosing and treating glioblastomas.

The dominant logic of Big Tech in healthcare and pharma.

Digital health and digital pharma are considered supportive tools for patients and healthcare providers (HCPs), making the market highly attractive for industry players. Not surprisingly, Tech Giants have started to move into this area. We utilized established management models and publicly available information sources, such as annual company reports, and performed a thorough analysis to uncover the underlying business models of Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, IBM, and Microsoft in order to better understand their intention and course of entering the healthcare and pharma industries.

The Control of Metabolic CO in Public Transport as a Strategy to Reduce the Transmission of Respiratory Infectious Diseases.

The global acceptance of the SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission led to prevention measures based on quality control and air renewal. Among them, carbon dioxide (CO) measurement has positioned itself as a cost-efficiency, reliable, and straightforward method to assess indoor air renewal indirectly. Through the control of CO, it is possible to implement and validate the effectiveness of prevention measures to reduce the risk of contagion of respiratory diseases by aerosols.

Open innovation: A paradigm shift in pharma R&D?

Open innovation (OI) holds promise to accelerate, diversify, and innovate research and development (R&D) in the pharmaceutical industry. It remains to be assessed in which way and to what extent OI is leveraged in practice by current pharmaceutical R&D organizations. Therefore, here we comprehensively analyzed 21 research-based pharmaceutical companies and benchmarked their implementation of OI.

SARS-CoV-2 Droplet and Airborne Transmission Heterogeneity.

The spread dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have not yet been fully understood after two years of the pandemic. The virus's global spread represented a unique scenario for advancing infectious disease research. Consequently, mechanistic epidemiological theories were quickly dismissed, and more attention was paid to other approaches that considered heterogeneity in the spread.

In Vitro Comparative Study of Platelets Treated with Two Pathogen-Inactivation Methods to Extend Shelf Life to 7 Days.

Background And Objectives: Since 2015, platelet products have been pathogen-inactivated (PI) at the Luxemburgish Red Cross (LRC) using Riboflavin and UV light (RF-PI). As the LRC should respond to hospital needs at any time, platelet production exceeds the demand, generating a discard rate of 18%. To reduce this, we consider the extension of storage time from 5 to 7 days.

Diagnosis of Glioblastoma by Immuno-Positron Emission Tomography.

Neuroimaging has transformed neuro-oncology and the way that glioblastoma is diagnosed and treated. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most widely used non-invasive technique in the primary diagnosis of glioblastoma. Although MRI provides very powerful anatomical information, it has proven to be of limited value for diagnosing glioblastomas in some situations.

Preparation of Potassium Acyltrifluoroborates (KATs) from Carboxylic Acids by Copper-Catalyzed Borylation of Mixed Anhydrides.

We report the preparation of potassium acyltrifluoroborates (KATs) from widely available carboxylic acids. Mixed anhydrides of carboxylic acids were prepared using isobutyl chloroformate and transformed to the corresponding KATs using a commercial copper catalyst, B (pin) , and aqueous KHF . This method allows for the facile preparation of aliphatic, aromatic, and amino acid-derived KATs and is compatible with a variety of functional groups including alkenes, esters, halides, nitriles, and protected amines.

Transportation of Single-Domain Antibodies through the Blood-Brain Barrier.

Single-domain antibodies derive from the heavy-chain-only antibodies of (camel, dromedary, llama, alpaca, vicuñas, and guananos; i.e., nanobodies) and cartilaginous fishes (i.

Systematic risk identification and assessment using a new risk map in pharmaceutical R&D.

Delivering transformative therapies to patients while maintaining growth in the pharmaceutical industry requires an efficient use of research and development (R&D) resources and technologies to develop high-impact new molecular entities (NMEs). However, increasing global R&D competition in the pharmaceutical industry, growing impact of generics and biosimilars, more stringent regulatory requirements, as well as cost-constrained reimbursement frameworks challenge current business models of leading pharmaceutical companies. Big data-based analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches have disrupted various industries and are having an increasing impact in the biopharmaceutical industry, with the promise to improve and accelerate biopharmaceutical R&D processes.

Remodelling whole blood processing through automation and pathogen reduction technology at the Luxembourg Red Cross.

In 2014-2015, the Luxembourg Red Cross (LRC) implemented a fully automated system (FAS) able to process 4 whole blood units simultaneously, and a pathogen reduction technology (PRT) based on riboflavin and ultraviolet light to improve safety of platelet concentrates (PCs). In this observational study, the impact of both technologies to enable this centralised blood transfusion centre to provide safe and timely blood components supply for the whole country was analysed. Standard quality control parameters for blood components, productivity and safety were compared from data collected with the conventional semi- automated buffy coat method and with FAS/PRT.