Panoramic Radiographic Analysis of Age- and Sex-related Variations in Upper Mandibular Morphology: Focus on the Condyle, Sigmoid Notch, and Coronoid Process.

Background/aim: This study aimed to investigate age- and sex-related morphological variations of the mandibular condyle, sigmoid notch, and coronoid process in a mid-sized German population using panoramic radiographs.

Patients And Methods: A total of 150 participants (89 males, 61 females) aged between 18 and 80 years were included. Participants were divided by age and sex.

How Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect Emergency Dental Trauma Settings in Permanent Dentition? A Retrospective Study.

: The purpose of this study was to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the patterns, distribution, and circumstances of dental trauma (DT) cases at a German cranio-maxillofacial trauma center. This retrospective analysis compared DT cases from the PreCovid (PC) period (February 2019-January 2020) with those from the IntraCovid (IC) period (February 2020-January 2021). It included an examination of baseline characteristics, types of DT, circumstances leading to DT, and the treatment approaches applied.

Impacted third molar surgery in older patients-Is patient´s age really a risk factor for complications?

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of patients´ age on perioperative complications in impacted third molar surgery and how established risk factors are affected by age.

Materials And Methods: The clinical findings, digital panoramic radiographs and perioperative data of 200 patients (554 impacted third molars) that had been subjected to tooth extraction, from July 2023 until July 2024, were analyzed. Perioperative complications (Inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) hypesthesia, oroantral communication (OAC), lingual nerve (LN) hypesthesia, postoperative bleeding, postoperative infection) as well as impaction patterns and risk factors (angulation type, bone coverage, depth- and risk scores) were analyzed by age (cut-off 30 years).

Changing of nasal fracture patterns in maxillofacial trauma consultation-impact of the covid-19 pandemic.

Background: In 2020, the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 led to a pandemic that had a major impact on the global health care systems. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on nasal bone (NB) fracture patterns/distributions and circumstances in a German cranio-maxillofacial trauma center.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study compared the nasal fracture patterns of patients in the PreCovid (PC) era (February 2019 - January 2020) with patients in the IntraCovid (IC) era (February 2020 - January 2021).

Accuracy in the Diagnostics of Styloid Process - Panoramic Radiograph Computed Tomography: A Comparative Study.

Background/aim: The styloid process (SP) becomes clinically relevant when it shows enlargement (>30 mm) in the sense of an elongated SP (ESP) and/or increasing calcification leading to Eagle Syndrome (ES). Panoramic radiograph (PR) or computed tomography (CT) are part of the routine diagnostics in ES. Currently, CT is considered the gold standard.

In essential hypertension, a change in the renal resistive index is associated with a change in the ratio of 24-hour diastolic to systolic blood pressure.

An increase in the renal resistive index (RRI) in patients with essential hypertension (EH) predicts deterioration in renal function. In patients with EH, changes in hemodynamic parameters significantly affect the RRI. This study aimed to define changes in Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) parameters that are significantly associated with a change in RRI in patients with EH.

Novel Algorithm for the Differential Diagnosis of Hyponatraemia in Anuric Patients Undergoing Maintenance Haemodialysis.

Introduction: Hyponatraemia is associated with increased mortality in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. In anuric patients, hyponatraemia development depends on the water-sodium ratio in retained fluid within the interdialysis interval (IDI).

Objective: This study aimed to calculate the retained sodium-retained water ratio in patients on maintenance haemodialysis and make a differential diagnosis of hyponatraemia according to these data.

Spironolactone-furosemide combination therapy and acid-base disorders in liver cirrhosis patients .

Objective: Respiratory alkalosis (RA) and dilutional hyperchloremic acidosis (DHA) are the most common acid-base balance (ABB) disorders in patients with liver cirrhosis. The aims of this study were to clarify whether RA develops in relation to DHA via respiratory compensation of metabolic acidosis and whether spironolactone in combination with low-dose furosemide - diuretics known to ameliorate DHA - positively affects RA in liver cirrhosis patients.

Materials And Methods: 59 patients with advanced cirrhosis were divided into two groups.

Association between 24-hour diastolic blood pressure and renal function in patients receiving treatment for essential hypertension.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between diastolic blood pressure (BP), measured by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and renal function in patients receiving treatment for essential hypertension.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, ABPM, transthoracic echocardiography, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on the basis of serum cystatin C (eGFRcyst) and the renal resistive index (RRI) were measured in patients with essential hypertension.

Results: The cohort consisted of 105 patients (39 men, 66 women), with a mean ± SD age of 58 ± 12 years who had been receiving treatment for 11 ± 8 years.

[Disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism and changes in acid-base balance in patients with ascitic liver cirrhosis].

In patients with advanced cirrhosis with ascites disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism are often present and they are associated with changes in acid-base balance. These changes can be very complicated, their diagnosis and treatment difficult. Dilutional hyponatremia is the most common disorder.

[Present possibilities of monitoring the effectiveness of hyponatremia therapy].

Changes to the overall volume of body water and acid base equilibrium can be reflected in the values of differences and ratios relating to serum concentrations of natrium and chlorides. Both these quantities can be used for patients with hyponatremia in the hyponatremia differential diagnosis. This paper presents a case study which is an example of the clinical use of differences in and ratios of serum concentrations of natrium and chlorides when monitoring effectiveness of the therapy.

[Metabolic acidosis in chronic kidney disease].

Metabolic acidosis (MAC) is a constant symptom of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in advanced stages. However, its onset and degree do not depend only on the decrease of glomerular filtration but also on tubular functions. Therefore, in patients with predominant tubulointerstitial involvement it may already appear in earlier stages of CKD, usually as MAC with normal anion gap.

[Clinical evaluation of acid-base status: Henderson-Hasselbalch, or Stewart-Fencl approach?].

Two approaches have been used in clinical evaluation the acid-base status: traditional (bicarbonate-centered) is based on the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation complemented by calculation of the anion gap, and more recent quantitative approach proposed by Stewart and Fencl. The latter method defines the three independent variables, which regulate pH. These include: the difference between the sum of charges carried by strong plasma cations and anions termed the strong ion difference - SID (decrease causes acidosis, and vice versa); the total concentration of the weak non-volatile acids [Atot] (inorganic phosphate and albumin, decrease causes alkalosis and vice versa), and pCO2.

[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis manifested as diabetes insipidus].

Unlabelled: The case report shows a surprising presentation of pulmonary granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) through symptoms of diabetes insipidus (DI) with granulomatous infiltration of the pituitary gland. The pituitary hormonal dysfunction as a result of granulomatosis of the pituitary gland is rare. Several studies have demonstrated that the incidence of the pituitary dysfunction reaches approx.

[The difference and ratio between serum concentrations of natrium and chlorides in patients with hyponatremia].

Unlabelled: The differential diagnosis of hyponatremia is often difficult. This most frequently occurring disorder of the water and electrolyte metabolism is frequently connected with deviations relating to the acid-base balance (ABB). This survey analyzes the relationship between the changes of the volume of body fluids and ABB and infers to what extent the analysis of combinations of the two disorders can support the differential diagnosis of different forms of hyponatremia (differentiation between the dilution vs.

[Investigation of tubular reabsorption of phosphates in patients with chronic kidney disease].

Introduction: Moderate to medium decrease in glomerular filtration (GFR) in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) does not need to be associated with hyperphosphatemia due to an adaptive decrease in tubular reabsorption of phosphates (TRPi) in residual nephrons. The clinical assessment of this function is performed based on the measurement of fractional phosphate excretion (FEPi), which is a quantity specifying the proportion of the filtered amount of phosphates which is excreted in the urine. This quantity may provide useful information about the involvement of kidneys in phosphate homeostasis of the internal environment.

[Serum concentration and tubular resorption of sodium and chloride in patients with chronic renal disease].

Tubular transport of sodium (TNa+) and chloride (TCl-) is decreased in patients with chronic kidney disease. The decrease of TCl- is relatively lower than that of TNa+. These changes of tubular transport of Na+ and Cl- participate on the development of acid base disturbance in patients with chronic kidney disease and with their glomerular filtration rate lower than 0.

Acid-base disorders associated with serum electrolyte patterns in patients on hemodiafiltration.

Background: Metabolic acidosis (MAC) is a common aspect of dialysis-dependent patients. It is definitely caused by acid retention; however, the influence of other plasma ions is unclear. Understanding the mechanism of MAC and its correction is important when choosing the dialysis solution.

Hyponatremia in spinal cord injury patients: new insight into differentiating between the dilution and depletion forms.

Study Design: This is a retrospective study.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to present a new model for differentiating between the dilution and depletion forms of hyponatremia in patients in the postacute phase after spinal cord injury (SCI), and to identify possible etiological factors contributing to hyponatremia in these patients.

Setting: University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.