AI education for clinicians.

Rapid advancements in medical AI necessitate targeted educational initiatives for clinicians to ensure AI tools are safe and used effectively to improve patient outcomes. To support decision-making among stakeholders in medical education, we propose three tiers of medical AI expertise and outline the challenges for medical education at different educational stages. Additionally, we offer recommendations and examples, encouraging stakeholders to adapt and shape curricula for their specific healthcare setting using this framework.

Multidisciplinary consensus-based statement on the current role of middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) in chronic SubDural hematoma (cSDH).

Introduction: Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization (MMAE) in patients with chronic SubDural Hematoma (cSDH) is a novel treatment approach, albeit the specific role of MMAE in the treatment of cSDH is not yet defined.

Research Question: The aim of this work is to provide a consensus-based statement from a multidisciplinary panel on the current role of MMAE in patients with cSDH.

Materials And Methods: A literature search was performed using the keywords MMAE and cSDH.

Correlation between P2-PCA volume flow rate and BOLD cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with symptomatic carotid artery occlusion.

Background And Purpose: Identifying and assessing hemodynamic and flow status in patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion is crucial for evaluating recurrent stroke risk. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between two quantitative imaging modalities: (1) blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and (2) quantitative magnetic resonance angiography (qMRA) with non-invasive optimal vessel analysis (NOVA), measuring volume flow rate (VFR). Comparing these modalities is relevant for assessing collateral circulation and hemodynamic impairment.

Video game-based application for fall risk assessment: a proof-of-concept cohort study.

Background: Fall(s) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality especially amongst elderly with polyneuropathy and cognitive decline. Conventional fall risk assessment tools are prone to low predictive values and do not address specific vulnerabilities. This study seeks to advance the development of an innovative, engaging fall prediction tool for a high-risk cohort diagnosed with diabetes.

KIRA6 is an Effective and Versatile Mast Cell Inhibitor of IgE-mediated Activation.

Mast cell (MC)-driven allergic diseases are constantly expanding and require the development of novel pharmacological MC stabilizers. Allergen/antigen (Ag)-triggered activation via crosslinking of the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI) is fundamentally regulated by SRC family kinases, for example, LYN and FYN, exhibiting positive and negative functions. We report that KIRA6, an inhibitor for the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor IRE1α, suppresses IgE-mediated MC activation by inhibiting both LYN and FYN.

On the localization of reward effects in overlapping dual tasks.

In dual-task (DT) situations, performance deteriorates compared with single-task situations. Such performance decrements are frequently explained with the serial scheduling of the response selection stages constituting a bottleneck. Proof of this assumption stems from the observation that response times for the second task (task 2; RT 2) increase with decreasing stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA).

A survey to determine the zone of equipoise for the Proximal FEmur Resection or Internal Fixation fOR Metastases (PERFORM) randomized controlled trial.

Objective: The objective of this study was to establish a zone of clinical equipoise for the Proximal FEmur Resection or Internal Fixation fOR Metastases (PERFORM) randomized controlled trial, which will compare resection and endoprosthetic reconstruction to internal fixation for skeletal metastases of the proximal femur.

Methods: A survey was developed, piloted, and distributed to self-declared interested stakeholders in the PERFORM trial. The survey targeted orthopedic oncologists and was designed to assess patient and bone lesion characteristics that drive surgical decision-making in the treatment of skeletal metastases in the proximal femur.

Correlation between nova volume flow rate and TOF signal intensity ratio: value in unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion.

Background And Purposes: Non-invasive optimal vessel analysis quantitative magnetic resonance angiography (NOVA-QMRA) has emerged as a valuable tool to characterize cerebral hemodynamics in intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD). Our aim was to explore the eventual correlation between volume flow rate (VFR) measured via NOVA-QMRA and signal intensity ratio (SIR) of time-of-flight (TOF) MRA in M1- and P2-segments bilaterally in patients with unilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion.

Materials And Methods: Patients with acute, subacute or chronic unilaterall ICA occlusion receiving NOVA-QMRA between June 2019 and June 2021 were retrospectively included.

GABAergic amacrine cells balance biased chromatic information in the mouse retina.

The retina extracts chromatic information present in an animal's environment. How this information is processed in the retina is not well understood. In the mouse, chromatic information is not collected equally throughout the retina.

Transcranial Direct-current Stimulation of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Modulates Voluntary Task-order Coordination in Dual-task Situations.

Dual tasks (DTs) require additional control processes that temporally coordinate the processing of the two component tasks. Previous studies employing imaging as well as noninvasive stimulation techniques have demonstrated that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is causally involved in these task-order coordination processes. However, in these studies, participants were instructed to match their processing order to an externally provided and mandatory order criterion during DT processing.

FixThePig: a custom 3D-printed femoral intramedullary nailing for preclinical research applications.

Background: Critical-size bone defects (CSBDs) pose significant challenges in clinical orthopaedics and traumatology. Developing reliable preclinical models that accurately simulate human conditions is crucial for translational research. This study addresses the need for a reliable preclinical model by evaluating the design and efficacy of a custom-made 3D-printed intramedullary nail (IMN) specifically for CSBDs in minipigs.

Case Report: Custom made 3D implants for glenoid tumor reconstruction should be designed as reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Background And Objectives: Isolated bone tumors of the glenoid are exceedingly rare occurrence and pose a substantial surgical challenge. 3D printing technology has been proved to be a reliable tool to reconstruct complex anatomical part of the skeleton. We initially used this technology to reconstruct the glenoid component of the shoulder in a hemiarthroplasty configuration.

Ultra-high resolution CT angiography for the assessment of intracranial stents and flow diverters using photon counting detector CT.

Background: The patency of intracranial stents may not be reliably assessed with either CT angiography or MR angiography due to imaging artifacts. We investigated the potential of ultra-high resolution CT angiography using a photon counting detector (PCD) CT to address this limitation by optimizing scanning and reconstruction parameters.

Methods: A phantom with different flow diverters was used to optimize PCD-CT reconstruction parameters, followed by imaging of 14 patients with intracranial stents using PCD-CT.

Student supervision by trainee doctors in GP teaching practices: Win-win situation or additional burden? An interview study on current practices and acceptance.

Objective: Teaching by trainee doctors is also established practice in general practice in English-speaking countries. This study examines the involvement of trainee doctors in the supervision of students in German general practices and the acceptance of trainee doctors as teachers from the perspective of physicians with a license for post-graduate training (PLT) and the trainee doctors themselves.

Methodology: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 9 PLTs and 9 trainees.

Comparing laboratory and online settings: equivalence in training and transfer effects for training task-order coordination processes.

Introduction: The literature on dual-task training suggests reductions in task-coordination costs with extensive practice, yet such regimens are resource-intensive. This study investigates the feasibility of online assessments for cognitive training studies by comparing training and transfer effects on task- coordination (TOC) skills in laboratory versus online settings.

Methods: We conducted a 5-day training regimen including pre-and post-test.

Enhancing the analysis of murine neonatal ultrasonic vocalizations: Development, evaluation, and application of different mathematical models.

Rodents employ a broad spectrum of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) for social communication. As these vocalizations offer valuable insights into affective states, social interactions, and developmental stages of animals, various deep learning approaches have aimed at automating both the quantitative (detection) and qualitative (classification) analysis of USVs. So far, no notable efforts have been made to determine the most suitable architecture.

A comparative analysis of planarian genomes reveals regulatory conservation in the face of rapid structural divergence.

The planarian Schmidtea mediterranea is being studied as a model species for regeneration, but the assembly of planarian genomes remains challenging. Here, we report a high-quality haplotype-phased, chromosome-scale genome assembly of the sexual S2 strain of S. mediterranea and high-quality chromosome-scale assemblies of its three close relatives, S.

Liver stiffness as a prognostic parameter and tool for risk stratification in advanced cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis.

Background: In light of increasing therapeutic options, risk stratification of advanced cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is gaining clinical importance to avoid ineffective treatments. Liver stiffness as a marker of hypervolemia and hepatic congestion might predict mortality in advanced ATTR-CA and allow to identify patients at highest risk.

Methods: Proven ATTR-CA patients underwent repeated vibration-controlled transient elastography (VTCE) and standardized serial workup within the local amyloidosis cohort study AmyKoS.

Principles of Defect Reconstruction After Wide Resection of Primary Malignant Bone Tumors of the Calcaneus: A Contemporary Review.

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Flow capacity of a superficial temporal artery as a donor in a consecutive series of 100 patients with superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass.

Objective: A superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass is classically considered a low-flow bypass. It is known that the flow in the flow augmentation STA-MCA bypass is influenced by flow demand of the revascularized territory and can reach significantly higher values. The authors report their intraoperative flow measurement data in a consecutive series of 100 STA-MCA bypasses performed at their institution.

HLA Awareness in tissue decellularization: A paradigm shift for enhanced biocompatibility, studied on the model of the human fascia lata graft.

Last twenties, tissue engineering has rapidly advanced to address the shortage of organ donors. Decellularization techniques have been developed to mitigate immune rejection and alloresponse in transplantation. However, a clear definition of effective decellularization remains elusive.