Effects of Fucoidans on Activated Retinal Microglia.

Sulfated marine polysaccharides, so-called fucoidans, have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In this study, we tested the effects of different fucoidans (and of fucoidan-treated RPE cells) on retinal microglia to investigate whether its anti-inflammatory effect can be extrapolated to the innate immune cells of the retina. In addition, we tested whether fucoidan treatment influenced the anti-inflammatory effect of RPE cells on retinal microglia.

The Impact of the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Leadership Development Program: Experience from the First 20 Years.

 This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO)'s Leadership Development Program (LDP), report the program's impact on participants in attaining ophthalmic leadership positions, and identify opportunities to improve future LDP programming.  An open cohort study was performed on AAO LDP graduates by using an online questionnaire and retrospective monitoring.  AAO LDP graduates from 1999 to 2019 participated in the study.

Risk of malignancy in follicular thyroid neoplasm: predictive value of thyrotropin.

Unlabelled: The cytological diagnosis of follicular neoplasm is a common finding in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of thyroid nodules and includes benign disease as well as differentiated thyroid cancer. The aim of the study is to determine if thyrotropin is a predictive factor for a malignant nature of follicular neoplasm.

Patients, Methods: The records of 119 patients with follicular neoplasm on FNAC, who underwent surgery for final diagnosis, were reviewed retrospectively.

Calculation and validation of a plasma calcitonin limit for early detection of medullary thyroid carcinoma in nodular thyroid disease.

Background: The early diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is crucial for effective therapy. Elevated plasma calcitonin concentrations (pCT-Cs) are generally a specific and sensitive indicator for C-cell hyperplasia or MTC. The presence of thyroid nodules raises the possibility of MTC.

[Spectrometric assessment of thyroid depth within the radioiodine test].

Unlabelled: Aim of this study is the validation of a simple method for evaluating the depth of the target volume within the radioiodine test by analyzing the emitted iodine-131 energy spectrum.

Patients, Methods: In a total of 250 patients (102 with a solitary autonomous nodule, 66 with multifocal autonomy, 29 with disseminated autonomy, 46 with Graves' disease, 6 for reducing goiter volume and 1 with only partly resectable papillary thyroid carcinoma), simultaneous uptake measurements in the Compton scatter (210 +/- 110 keV) and photopeak (364-45/+55 keV) windows were performed over one minute 24 hours after application of the 3 MBq test dose, with subsequent calculation of the respective count ratios. Measurements with a water-filled plastic neck phantom were carried out to perceive the relationship between these quotients and the average source depth and to get a calibration curve for calculating the depth of the target volume in the 250 patients for comparison with the sonographic reference data.

[Concept and validation of a simple model of the intrathyroidal iodine kinetics].

Unlabelled: AIM of this study is the introduction and validation of a simple model of the intrathyroidal iodine kinetics, designed for optimizing radioiodine therapy planning and dose measurement in a routine clinical setting.

Methods: The new model defines the intrathyroidal iodine kinetics as balance of the thyroidal iodine intake and -excretion, characterized by the two exponential equations A(t) = A(0) * (1-exp(-lambda(1) t)) and A(t) = A(0) * (exp(-lambda(2) t) -1), respectively. A(0) describes the theoretically maximum iodine uptake when the thyroidal iodine excretion is ignored, lambda(1) and lambda(2) represent the constants characterizing the iodine intake and excretion, respectively.

Limited sensitivity of parathyroid imaging with (99m)Tc-sestamibi/(123)I subtraction in an endemic goiter area.

Unlabelled: Double-phase single-tracer scintigraphy with (99m)Tc-sestamibi is now generally used for parathyroid imaging but, at least in endemic goiter areas, complementary thyroid scintigraphy is recommended. Although (123)I-sodium iodide is considered to be the optimal thyroid agent, it is hardly ever used because of high costs and logistic difficulties. Our study presents the results of using the (99m)Tc-sestamibi/(123)I subtraction technique in a region with a high goiter prevalence.

Results of a standardized protocol for sentinel node imaging in breast cancer with Tc-99m labeled nanocolloidal albumin.

Aim: Of this study was to evaluate the results of a standardized protocol for sentinel node (SN) detection in breast cancer using Tc-99m labeled nanocolloidal albumin and a combined intra- and subdermal injection technique.

Methods: One hundred and fifty-five women with proven breast cancer (disease stages Tis-T2) were included. Four injections of 10 to 15 MBq of Tc-99m nanocolloid in 0.

Development of the parafollicular cells in recurrent goiter.

Objective: To provide more data for the discussion on whether thyroid hormones, iodide and other factors controlling the thyroid also influence the parafollicular (PF) cells, as the answer is of great importance for optimization of the medical treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) after surgery.

Design: We compared the density of the PF cells in patients who underwent surgery for the second time due to recurrent goiter with that in normal-sized thyroid glands after the first operation.

Methods: In 20 patients with only one operation, all specimens were taken from morphologically and functionally normal lobular thyroid parenchyma.

Lymphoscintigraphic sentinel node imaging and gamma probe detection in breast cancer with Tc-99m nanocolloidal albumin: results of an optimized protocol.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to aid in the standardization of lymphoscintigraphy for detecting the sentinel node (SN) in breast cancer using Tc-99m-labeled nanocolloidal albumin.

Materials And Methods: One hundred twenty-three women with proved breast cancer were enrolled. Four injections of 10 to 15 MBq (0.

Extreme reduction of the spin-orbit splitting of the deep acceptor ground state of Zn(-)(S) in Si.

Electric-dipole spin resonance of the deep acceptor Zn(-)(S) in Si reveals close gamma(8) and gamma(7) ground states with zero-field separation of only 0.31 meV as compared to the 43 meV of the two valence bands. With Lande's formula for the g factors of a 2T2 state split by spin-orbit interaction into gamma(8) and gamma(7) this nearness can be interpreted as strong quenching of the orbital moment.

[Impact of serum thyroglobulin concentration in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid diseases].

Unlabelled: AIM of this study is to evaluate new and controversially discussed indications for determining the thyroglobulin (Tg) level in different thyroid diseases to support routine diagnostics.

Methods: The following groups were included: 250 healthy subjects without goiter, 50 persons with diffuse goiter, 161 patients with multinodular goiter devoid of functional disorder (108 of them underwent surgery, in 17 cases carcinomas were detected), 60 hyperthyroid patients with autonomously functioning nodular goiter, 150 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and 30 hyperthyroid patients with Graves' disease.

Results: The upper limit of the normal range of the Tg level was calculated as 30 ng Tg/ml.

Procedures: do we really want to know them? An examination of the effects of procedural justice on self-esteem.

This study examined the effects of procedural justice on state-dependent self-esteem using the group-value model and attribution theory to present competing theoretical perspectives. The group-value model predicts a positive relationship between self-esteem and fair procedures. In contrast, attribution theory suggests procedural fairness interacts with outcome favorability to influence self-esteem.

[Hyperthyroidism in a premature infant due to transplacental passage of maternal thyrotropin receptor antibodies].

The duration of the stimulating effect of transplacental transferred thyrotropin-receptor-antibodies (TRAb) is discussed by the example of a 23 years old woman suffering from Graves' disease with a severe hyperthyroidism. She became pregnant six weeks after the diagnosis was obtained and then discontinued her antithyroid medication on her own responsibility. On a check-up in the 20th week of pregnancy, a hyperthyroidism was once more found, leading to a therapy with propylthiouracil, which however, was again interrupted by the patient a few weeks later.

[Effect of iodine and thyroid hormones in the induction and therapy of Hashimoto's thyroiditis].

Aim: The effect of an iodine prophylaxis on the induction of Hashimoto's thyroiditis as well as the influence of various therapeutic approaches on the course of antithyroglobulin (TgAb) and antiperoxidase (TPOAb) antibodies in manifest diseases are evaluated.

Method: A collective of 375 euthyroid subjects without relevant goiter received daily doses of 200 micrograms iodide, weekly doses of 1.53 milligrams iodide, or no medication.

[Individual calculation of the minimal effective levothyroxine dose in prolonged suppression tests].

Aim: A formula for calculating the minimum suppressive levothyroxine dose in prolonged suppression tests using body weight and TSH level is derived from a large number of cases.

Method: In 1239 euthyroid patients (TSH > 0.30 mU/l) a suppression test with levothyroxine substitution for at least 6 weeks was performed.

[Individual outcome monitoring of TSH receptor antibody level for predicting the prognosis of Graves' disease].

Aim: This retrospective study is intended to provide further information on the controversially discussed ability of a Thyrotropin Receptor Antibody (TRAb) monitoring for predicting the outcome of Graves' disease.

Method: The study is based on 1480 blood samples of 346 patients (292 female, 54 male; age among 9 and 91 years) suffering from Graves' disease. A comparison between the TRAb levels and the serum free thyroid hormones as well as the basal thyrotropin was performed in the entire collective, in the group of non-treated patients and in 182 individual courses.

[Simultaneous measumrement of the renal excretion of 131I-hippuran and 99mTc-MAG3].

This study describes methods of measuring simultaneously the renal excretion of two radiopharmaceuticals and of evaluating their different kinetics. For quantification of the dynamic contributions of scattered radiation in a double-radionuclide study a high-resolution pure germanium detector was used. The geometry of the arrangement was a semi-shielded whole-body counter according to E.

[Estimate of the dosage for radioiodine ablation of the thyroid gland in male Wistar rats].

The aim of this investigation was to determine the radioiodine dose necessary for the ablation of the thyroid gland in male Wistar rats. By a mathematical extrapolation of the kinetics of iodine-131, the radioisotope dose in the thyroid was calculated to be 467971 or 401540 rad after an intraperitoneal administration of 1 x 0.8 mCi (29.

[Determination of cerebral blood flow using an 81Rb/81mKr generator system].

A method is being developed which not only measures cerebral blood flow as a static quantity but also its changes with time. For that purpose a semiconductor device ascertains the proportion of intracerebral 81 Rb and 81mKr activities. By opening the hemato-encephalic barrier in animal experiments a sufficient concentration of intracerebral 81 Rb could be attained and the modified blood circulation after step-wise ligature of all brain arteries brought into relation to the corresponding Rb/Kr quotient.

[The effect of metamizole on gastric emptying and small intestine transit in the rat].

The effect of the pyrazolone derivative metamizole on the motility of the upper gastrointestinal tract of the rat was investigated. An animal model for simultaneous quantification of gastric emptying and small intestinal transport was used. A test meal with different radioactive labels was administered by means of previously implanted tubes both to the stomach (1.

Investigations on the effect of metamizol on ureteral motility.

The aim of this comparative study was to obtain quantitative information on the effect that metamizol has on ureteral motility. Renal Tc-99m-MDP excretion and ureteral urine transport against gravity were examined in five patients, once without (control) and, several days later, with metamizol treatment. In each of these ten scanning sessions, renograms of both kidneys were recorded.