Perspectives on Clinical Adoption Barriers to Blood-Based Multi-Cancer Early Detection Tests across Stakeholders.

Current United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations include routine screening for breast, cervical, colorectal, and lung cancer; however, two out of every three cancer cases occur in other indications, leading to diagnoses in advanced stages of the disease and a higher likelihood of mortality. Blood-based multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests can impact cancer screening and early detection by monitoring for multiple different cancer types at once, including indications where screening is not performed routinely today. We conducted a survey amongst healthcare providers (HCPs), payers, and patients within the U.

Methane accumulation and its potential precursor compounds in the oxic surface water layer of two contrasting stratified lakes.

Methane (CH) supersaturation in oxygenated waters is a widespread phenomenon despite the traditional perception of strict anoxic methanogenesis. This notion has recently been challenged by successive findings of processes and mechanisms that produce CH in oxic environments. While some of the processes contributing to the vertical accumulation of CH in the oxygenated upper water layers of freshwater lakes have been identified, temporal variations as well as drivers are still poorly understood.

Stakeholders Perceptions of Barriers to Precision Medicine Adoption in the United States.

Despite evidence that precision medicine (PM) results in improved patient care, the broad adoption and implementation has been challenging across the United States (US). To better understand the perceived barriers associated with PM adoption, a quantitative survey was conducted across five stakeholders including medical oncologists, surgeons, lab directors, payers, and patients. The results of the survey reveal that stakeholders are often not aligned on the perceived challenges with PM awareness, education and reimbursement, with there being stark contrast in viewpoints particularly between clinicians, payers, and patients.

Making plant methane formation visible-Insights from application of C-labeled dimethyl sulfoxide.

Methane (CH) formation by vegetation has been studied intensively over the last 15 years. However, reported CH emissions vary by several orders of magnitude, thus making global estimates difficult. Moreover, the mechanism(s) for CH formation by plants is (are) largely unknown.

Sources and sinks of chloromethane in a salt marsh ecosystem: constraints from concentration and stable isotope measurements of laboratory incubation experiments.

Chloromethane (CHCl) is the most abundant long-lived chlorinated organic compound in the atmosphere and contributes significantly to natural stratospheric ozone depletion. Salt marsh ecosystems including halophyte plants are a known source of atmospheric CHCl but estimates of their total global source strength are highly uncertain and knowledge of the major production and consumption processes in the atmosphere-halophyte-soil system is yet incomplete. In this study we investigated the halophyte plant, Salicornia europaea, and soil samples from a coastal salt marsh site in Sardinia/Italy for their potential to emit and consume CHCl and using flux measurements, stable isotope techniques and Arrhenius plots differentiated between biotic and abiotic processes.

Investigation of candidate genes involved in the rhodoquinone biosynthetic pathway in Rhodospirillum rubrum.

The lipophilic electron-transport cofactor rhodoquinone (RQ) facilitates anaerobic metabolism in a variety of bacteria and selected eukaryotic organisms in hypoxic environments. We have shown that an intact rquA gene in Rhodospirillum rubrum is required for RQ production and efficient growth of the bacterium under anoxic conditions. While the explicit details of RQ biosynthesis have yet to be fully delineated, ubiquinone (Q) is a required precursor to RQ in R.

Combined Short-Term Glucose Starvation and Chemotherapy in 3D Colorectal Cancer Cell Culture Decreases 14-3-3 Family Protein Expression and Phenotypic Response to Therapy.

Short-term glucose starvation prior to chemotherapy has the potential to preferentially weaken cancer cells, making them more likely to succumb to treatment, while protecting normal cells. In this study, we used 3D cell cultures of colorectal cancer and assessed the effects of short-term glucose starvation and chemotherapy compared to treatment of either individually. We evaluated both phenotypic changes and protein expression levels.

Employing proteomics to understand the effects of nutritional intervention in cancer treatment.

Lifestyle optimizations are implementable changes that can have an impact on health and disease. Nutrition is a lifestyle optimization that has been shown to be of great importance in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Dozens of clinical trials are currently in progress that focus on the nutritional modifications that cancer patients can make prior to and during medical care that increase the efficacy of treatment.

Comparison of In-Solution, FASP, and S-Trap Based Digestion Methods for Bottom-Up Proteomic Studies.

Bottom-up proteomic strategies rely on efficient digestion of proteins into peptides for mass spectrometry analysis. In-solution and filter-based strategies are commonly used for proteomic analysis. In recent years, filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) has become the dominant filter-based method due to its ability to remove SDS prior to mass spectrometry analysis.

Calcitriol Supplementation Causes Decreases in Tumorigenic Proteins and Different Proteomic and Metabolomic Signatures in Right versus Left-Sided Colon Cancer.

Vitamin D deficiency is a common problem worldwide. In particular, it is an issue in the Northern Hemisphere where UVB radiation does not penetrate the atmosphere as readily. There is a correlation between vitamin D deficiency and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality.

Glucose Restriction Combined with Autophagy Inhibition and Chemotherapy in HCT 116 Spheroids Decreases Cell Clonogenicity and Viability Regulated by Tumor Suppressor Genes.

Drug resistance is a prevalent phenomenon that decreases the efficacy of cancer treatments and contributes to cancer progression and metastasis. Weakening drug-resistant cancer cells prior to chemotherapy is a potential strategy to combat chemoresistance. One approach to damage resistant cancer cells is modulation of nutritional intake.

Multicellular Tumor Spheroids Combined with Mass Spectrometric Histone Analysis To Evaluate Epigenetic Drugs.

Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) are valuable in vitro tumor models frequently used to evaluate the penetration and efficacy of therapeutics. In this study, we evaluated potential differences in epigenetic markers, i.e.

Nutrient restriction of glucose or serum results in similar proteomic expression changes in 3D colon cancer cell cultures.

Nutrient restriction, also known as caloric restriction, has been extensively examined for its positive impact on lifespan, immune system boost, and aging. In addition, nutrient restriction is implicated in decreasing cancer initiation and progression. Given the phenotypic changes associated with nutrient restriction, we hypothesized significant protein expression alterations must be associated with caloric restriction.

Survival and its predictors from age 75 to 85 in men and women belonging to cohorts with marked survival differences to age 75: a comparative study in three Nordic populations.

Background And Aims: While predictors of survival in older people have been examined in depth in a large number of studies, a literature search revealed no cross-national comparative prospective cohort studies on this issue. This study investigated survival and its predictors from age 75 to 85 among three local Nordic populations using survival data on national cohorts as background information.

Methods: The data were derived from national registers and from samples of 75-year old living in Denmark, Sweden, and Finland.

Surface histidine mutations for the metal affinity purification of a β-carbonic anhydrase.

Metal affinity chromatography using polyhistidine tags is a standard laboratory technique for the general purification of proteins from cellular systems, but there have been no attempts to explore whether the surface character of a protein may be engineered to similar affinity. We present the Arg160His mutation of Haemophilus influenzae carbonic anhydrase (HICA), which mimics the endogenous metal affinity of Escherichia coli carbonic anhydrase (ECCA). The purity and activity of the mutant are reported, and the purification is discussed.

Mobility-related fatigue, walking speed, and muscle strength in older people.

Background: Fatigue is an important early marker of functional decline among older people, but the mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. The purpose of the present study was to examine the association between mobility-related fatigue and walking speed and to test the degree to which muscle strength accounts for this association.

Methods: The study is based on baseline (n = 523) and 5-year follow-up data (n = 292) from a cohort of 75-year-old persons.

Method for Assigning Priority Levels in Acute Care (MAPLe-AC) predicts outcomes of acute hospital care of older persons--a cross-national validation.

Background: Although numerous risk factors for adverse outcomes for older persons after an acute hospital stay have been : identified, a decision making tool combining all available information in a clinically meaningful way would be helpful for daily hospital practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of the Method for Assigning Priority Levels for Acute Care (MAPLe-AC) to predict adverse outcomes in acute care for older people and to assess its usability as a decision making tool for discharge planning.

Methods: Data from a prospective multicenter study in five Nordic acute care hospitals with information from admission to a one year follow-up of older acute care patients were compared with a prospective study of acute care patients from admission to discharge in eight hospitals in Canada.

Assessing caries increments in elderly patients with and without dementia: a one-year follow-up study.

Background: The authors conducted a study to determine one-year coronal and root caries increments in patients newly diagnosed as having Alzheimer disease (AD), other dementia (OD) or no dementia.

Methods: The authors recruited patients from two hospital memory clinics in Copenhagen. The oral examination included an assessment of dental status and dental caries.

Admission profile is predictive of outcome in acute hospital care.

Background And Aims: The purpose of this study is to describe predictors for discharge and one-year outcomes of acute-care hospital patients, 75 years of age or over, based on admission status information. We carried out a prospective study of a randomly selected patient population, from one urban acute-care hospital in each of the Nordic countries. 763 persons aged 75+ were randomly selected from acute admissions to the participating hospitals.

Vision and hearing impairments and their associations with falling and loss of instrumental activities in daily living in acute hospitalized older persons in five Nordic hospitals.

Background: Many older people believe sensory problems are inevitably, a part of growing old, and avoid assessment and help. Such problems are often also overlooked by health professionals. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of hearing and vision impairment and their associations with loss of instrumental activities in daily living (IADL) and risk of falling in patients aged 75 years or older, admitted to a medical ward in an acute hospital in each of the five Nordic countries.

Comparison of nurses' and physicians' documentation of functional abilities of older patients in acute care--patient records compared with standardized assessment.

Aim: To compare nurses' and physicians' documentation of geriatric issues and explore double documentation and undocumented areas of importance in an acute care setting in two Nordic countries.

Method: 158 participants, aged 75+, of whom the Minimum Data Set for Acute Care (MDS-AC) instrument was conducted at admission and from which 56 variables were taken in comparison with notes from patient records documented by nurses and/or physicians in two acute care hospitals, in Finland and Iceland.

Findings: Documentation of the impairment of personal Activities of Daily Living (ADL) was missing in 40-60% of the nurses' reports and 80-97% of the physician's reports.

A 30-year survey of drug use in the 1914 birth cohort in Glostrup County, Denmark: 1964-1994.

Background And Aims: Use of drugs increases with age. Several drugs as well as multiple drug intake are recognized risk factors for symptoms, disability, hospitalizations, and even mortality, due to side effects and problems with compliance. Yet, little is known about the long-term effects.

[The care requirements of residents in Danish nursing homes].

Introduction: An increasing number of elderly remain in their own homes longer. The purpose of this study was to assess the care requirements of elderly in nursing homes.

Materials And Methods: A total of 441 nursing home residents from 11 Danish nursing homes were assessed by means of Minimum Data Set (MDS).

Hemoglobin concentrations in 358 apparently healthy 80-year-old Danish men and women. Should the reference interval be adjusted for age?

Background And Aims: In elderly Danes, reference intervals for hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations are derived from younger population groups. The aim was to examine reference intervals for Hb and cut-off limits for anemia by application of criteria for normality to a representative population of 80-year-olds.

Methods: Participants in this epidemiological health survey cohort were 358 subjects (171 men) 80 years of age.