Reach and engagement on the history of nursing on social media in light of Pierre Lévy.

Objective: To analyze the reach and engagement on the history of nursing on social media of the Memory Center of the School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais (CEMENF/UFMG), in light of Pierre Lévy.

Methods: Documentary study carried out on CEMENF's Instagram and on the YouTube of the School of Nursing of UFMG, from September to December 2021. The findings were analyzed according to Pierre Lévy's concepts.

Factors associated with the length of breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survival study.

Objective: To investigate the repercussions of COVID-19 on the length of breastfeeding and analyze the associated factors in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Method: This is an epidemiological, prospective cohort study. Data were collected from medical records and through telephone interviews.

Spatial and trend analysis of gestational syphilis cases in Brazil from 2011 to 2020: an ecological study.

Objectives: To analyze the rate of gestational syphilis (GS) based on temporal trends over 11 years, as well as the spatial distribution of GS in Brazil, based on the identification of spatial clusters.

Methodology: An ecological, using Brazil and its regions as an analysis unit, based on gestational syphilis data reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), from 2011 to 2020. Thematic maps were built for spatial data analysis, and the Prais-Winsten autoregressive model was used to verify the trend.

The history of obstetric nurses' professional training of in Minas Gerais (1957-1999): a genealogical analysis.

Objectives: to analyze obstetric nurses' professional training in Minas Gerais between 1957 and 1999, according to genealogical principles.

Methods: a qualitative interpretative study based on historical research with genealogical analysis. Data were obtained through documentary research and oral history, with six participants, and submitted to discourse analysis.

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension secondary to congenital spinal dural ectasia and genetic mosaicism for tetrasomy 10p: illustrative case.

Background: Spontaneous intracranial hypotension has historically been a poorly understood pathology that is often unrecognized and undertreated. Even more rarely has it been described in pediatric patients with an otherwise benign past medical history.

Observations: Herein the authors describe one of the youngest patients ever reported, a 2-year-old girl who developed severe headaches, nausea, and vomiting and experienced headache relief after lying down.

Transient myeloproliferative disorder as the presenting feature for mosaic trisomy 21.

Trisomy 21 is a common congenital disorder with well-documented clinical manifestations, including an increased risk for the transient myeloproliferative disorder as a neonate and leukemia in childhood and adolescence. Transient myeloproliferative disorder is only known to occur in hematopoietic cells with trisomy 21. Children with mosaic trisomy 21 also have a risk for hematological malignancies.

Social inequalities for student leaders and professional organizations: Florence Nightingale's political legacy.

Objectives: to analyze the nursing systems of understanding and social inequalities from the perspective of student leaders and representatives of nursing professional organizations.

Methods: qualitative research supported by the theoretical framework of Marxist dialectics. Threerepresentatives of professional organizations and five student leaders participated in the study.

Comparison of Large, Medium, and Small Solid Tumor Gene Panels for Detection of Clinically Actionable Mutations in Cancer.

Background: Next-generation sequencing of gene panels has supplanted single-gene testing for cancer molecular diagnostics in many laboratories. Considerations for the optimal number of genes to assess in a panel depend on the purpose of the testing.

Objective: To address the optimal size for the identification of clinically actionable variants in different-sized solid tumor sequencing panels.

Born in Belo Horizonte: the trajectory of parturient women and their reproductive outcomes.

Objective: To analyze the trajectory taken by pregnant women for delivery care in Belo Horizonte and its relation with the reproductive outcomes.

Method: A cross-sectional study using a database from a study conducted in Belo Horizonte. The studied variables were referent to the trajectory of women seeking delivery care, to their social, demographic and health care characteristics, and to the reproductive outcomes.

Congenital malignant melanoma: a case report with cytogenetic studies.

Although rare, congenital malignant melanoma (CMM) should be considered in the differential diagnosis of congenital skin lesions. We report a case of CMM in a 4-month-old infant presenting with an enlarging scalp mass, initially thought to be a hemangioma. Incisional biopsy of the lesion showed a compound congenital nevus with atypical cells suggestive of a proliferative nodule versus malignancy on histopathology.

Single nucleotide polymorphism genomic arrays analysis of t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia cells.

Translocation of chromosomes 8 and 21, t(8;21), resulting in the AML1-ETO fusion gene, is associated with acute myeloid leukemia. We searched for additional genomic abnormalities in this acute myeloid leukemia subtype by performing single nucleotide polymorphism genomic arrays (SNP-chip) analysis on 48 newly diagnosed cases. Thirty-two patients (67%) had a normal genome by SNP-chip analysis (Group A), and 16 patients (33%) had one or more genomic abnormalities including copy number changes or copy number neutral loss of heterozygosity (Group B).

Loss of the Y chromosome: an age-related or clonal phenomenon in acute myelogenous leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome?

Context: The clinical association between loss of the Y chromosome and acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (AML/MDS) has been debated because both phenomena are related to aging. A prior publication suggests that loss of the Y chromosome in more than 75% of cells may indicate a clonal phenomenon that could be a marker for hematologic disease.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between loss of the Y chromosome and AML/MDS.

Chromosome banding techniques.

Chromosome banding techniques produce a series of consistent landmarks along the length of metaphase chromosomes that allow for both recognition of individual chromosomes within a genome and identification of specific segments of individual chromosomes. These landmarks facilitate assessment of chromosome normalcy, identification of sites of chromosome breaks and alterations, and location of specific genes. This unit covers these basic banding techniques (Q-banding, G-banding, and R-banding), which produce virtually identical patterns of bands along the length of human chromosomes, although the bands and polymorphic regions highlighted may differ with each technique.

ISCN standard idiograms.

Chromosome banding is used mainly to identify both normal and rearranged chromosomes, to define chromosome breakpoints, and to describe the specific location of DNA sequences on chromosomes. A nomenclature has been developed to standardize the identification of chromosomes and the naming of chromosome bands. The system currently in use is An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature, referred to as "ISCN 1995.

Karyotyping.

Relevant portions of the new International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN 1995) have been reproduced in this appendix (with permission from Karger, the original publisher). The new rules supersede all previous rules and include guidelines for cancer cytogenetics as well as new recommendations for nomenclature when in situ hybridization techniques are used in the analysis of chromosomes.

Oncogene-induced plasticity and cancer stem cells.

The cancer stem cell hypothesis is an evolving concept of oncogenesis that has recently gained wide acceptance. In its simplest form this hypothesis suggests that many if not all tumors arise by consecutive genetic changes in a small subpopulation of cells termed cancer stem cells. These cells have the capacity to sustain tumor growth and are defined by three features: self-renewal, differentiation into the cell types of the original cancer and potent tumor formation.

Rare t(1;11)(q23;p15) in therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome evolving into acute myelomonocytic leukemia: a case report and review of the literature.

Balanced chromosome rearrangements are the hallmark of therapy-related leukemia that develops in patients treated with topoisomerase II inhibitors. Many of these rearrangements involve recurrent chromosomal sites and associated genes (11q23/MLL, 21q22.3/AML1, and 11p15/NUP98), which can interact with a variety of partner genes.

Ras oncogenes and their downstream targets.

RAS proteins are small GTPases, which serve as master regulators of a myriad of signaling cascades involved in highly diverse cellular processes. RAS oncogenes have been originally discovered as retroviral oncogenes, and ever since constitutively activating RAS mutations have been identified in human tumors, they are in the focus of intense research. In this review, we summarize the biochemical properties of RAS proteins, trace down the evolution of RAS signaling and present an overview of the spatio-temporal activation of major RAS isoforms.

Raf kinases: oncogenesis and drug discovery.

Raf kinase signaling has been thoroughly investigated over the last 20 years. A-Raf, B-Raf and C-Raf, the 3 mammalian members of the Raf family, are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as growth, proliferation, survival, differentiation and transformation. The detection of B-RAF mutations in a wide variety of human cancers, the description of wildtype and mutant B-RAF as tumor antigens in melanoma and the promising outcome of clinical trials evaluating the Raf inhibitor Nexavar (Sorafenib, BAY 43-9006) have sparked a broad interest in the scientific community.

Influence of differences in body weight and volume management on experimental results in porcine models.

Background: In contrast to humans, young pigs naturally have a low COPpl (12-16 mmHg versus 22-26 mmHg in young humans). Thus, behavior occurring when volume management is performed similar to human medicine might be different. Potentially underestimated intra- to extravascular fluid and solute shifts could influence time course of variables investigated.

A selective small molecule inhibitor of c-Met kinase inhibits c-Met-dependent phenotypes in vitro and exhibits cytoreductive antitumor activity in vivo.

The c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase and its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), have been implicated in the development and progression of several human cancers and are attractive targets for cancer therapy. PHA-665752 was identified as a small molecule, ATP-competitive, active-site inhibitor of the catalytic activity of c-Met kinase (K(i) 4 nM). PHA-665752 also exhibited >50-fold selectivity for c-Met compared with a panel of diverse tyrosine and serine-threonine kinases.