Chemokine Receptor N-Terminus Charge Dictates Reliance on Post-Translational Modifications for Effective Ligand Capture and Following Boosting by Defense Peptides.

The chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5 display overlapping expression patterns and ligand dependency. Here we find that ligand activation of CCR5, not CCR1, is dependent on N-terminal receptor O-glycosylation. Release from O-glycosylation dependency is obtained by increasing CCR5 N-terminus acidity to the level of CCR1.

Diabetes Management Support in Preschool and Primary School: A Qualitative Ideation Study Presenting Recommendations for Improved Communicative Practice.

Diabetes care in institutional settings is a significant challenge that affects the whole family as well as care workers and teachers. The present study is the ideation part of a rigorous development process in the KIds with Diabetes in School (KIDS) project. We have previously conducted a thorough three-part needs assessment in which we explored the problem area from the viewpoints of (1) municipal administrative staff, (2) preschool and school staff and (3) families.

Management of Diabetes during School Hours: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study in Denmark.

Managing diabetes is complicated for many children. It often requires support from an adult during the school day. In Denmark, most children spend 30-35 h a week at school.

Municipal Support of Diabetes Management in Daycare, Kindergarten and School: A Qualitative Study of Differences, Challenges and Potentials.

Diabetes care during institutional hours is a major challenge affecting the whole family. The aim of this study was to highlight challenges and potentials regarding municipal support in relation to diabetes care of children in school, kindergarten, and daycare. The dataset consists of 80 semi-structured online interviews with 121 municipal employees from 74 (of 98) municipalities in Denmark.

Reference serum percentile values of adiponectin, leptin, and adiponectin/leptin ratio in healthy Danish children and adolescents.

The adipokines adiponectin and leptin play key roles in human metabolic regulation and have gained great attention as biomarkers for various metabolic pathologies. Though, pediatric reference values are few and needed. This study aims to establish age- and sex-specific adipokine reference percentiles based on healthy Danish school children.

The circadian rhythm of calcium and bone homeostasis in Maasai.

Objectives: Ethnic groups differ in prevalence of calcium-related diseases. Differences in the physiology and the endogenous circadian rhythm (CR) of calcium and bone homeostasis may play a role. Thus, we aimed to investigate details of CR pattern in calcium and bone homeostasis in East African Maasai.

Clinical and genetic heterogeneity of HNF4A/HNF1A mutations in a multicentre paediatric cohort with hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia.

Objective: The phenotype mediated by HNF4A/HNF1A mutations is variable and includes diazoxide-responsive hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH) and maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY).

Design: We characterised an international multicentre paediatric cohort of patients with HNF4Aor HNF1Amutations presenting with HH over a 25-year period (1995-2020).

Methods: Clinical and genetic analysis data from five centres were obtained.

Ethics in extracorporeal life support: a narrative review.

During 50 years of extracorporeal life support (ECLS), this highly invasive technology has left a considerable imprint on modern medicine, and it still confronts researchers, clinicians and policymakers with multifarious ethical challenges. After half a century of academic discussion about the ethics of ECLS, it seems appropriate to review the state of the argument and the trends in it. Through a comprehensive literature search on PubMed, we identified three ethical discourses: (1) trials and evidence accompanying the use of ECLS, (2) ECLS allocation, decision-making and limiting care, and (3) death on ECLS and ECLS in organ donation.

A novel case of neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism successfully treated with a type II calcimimetic drug.

We report a boy with hypercalcemia due to neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT) caused by a compound heterozygous mutation in the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) managed successfully on a type II calcimimetic drug. The hypercalcemia was temporarily treated by hyperhydration, bisphosphonate and calcium depleted milk. At 29 days of age cinacalcet was introduced.

Reference intervals in Danish children and adolescents for bone turnover markers carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX), pro-collagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP), osteocalcin (OC) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP).

Purpose: Bone turnover markers (BTM) are gaining ground in clinical practice but to fully use their potential there is a need for establishing valid reference intervals (RI). Consequently, the purpose of the study was to establish general RI as well as suggested clinical RI for carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX), pro-collagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP), osteocalcin (OC) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP) in children and adolescents.

Method: BTM were measured on Danish children and adolescents participating in the CHAMPS-study DK.

Bone mineral density at age 7 years does not associate with adherence to vitamin D supplementation guidelines in infancy or vitamin D status in pregnancy and childhood: an Odense Child Cohort study.

Vitamin D supplementation in infancy is recommended to prevent rickets. At the population level, its effects on bone mineralisation are largely unknown. We aimed to explore whether adherence to national vitamin D supplementation guidelines (10 µg/d up to the age of 2 years), supplementation at the ages of 5 and 7 years, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) at various time points associated with bone mineral density (BMD) at the age of 7 years in the Odense Child Cohort, Denmark (n 1194).

Extracellular vesicle-associated proteins as potential biomarkers.

Every cell in the body secretes extracellular vesicles (EVs) possibly as cellular signaling components and these cell-derivatives can be found in multiple numbers in biological fluids. EVs have in the scientific field received great attention in relation to pathophysiology and disease diagnostics. Altered protein expressions associated with circulating EVs in diseased individuals can serve as biomarkers for different disease states.

Lower estimated bone strength and impaired bone microarchitecture in children with type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: Patients with type 1 diabetes has an increased risk of fracture. We wished to evaluate estimated bone strength in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and assess peripheral bone geometry, volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and microarchitecture.

Research Design And Methods: In a cross-sectional study, high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HR-pQCT) was performed of the radius and tibia in 84 children with type 1 diabetes and 55 healthy sibling controls.

Exome sequencing revealed DNA variants in NCOR1, IGF2BP1, SGLT2 and NEK11 as potential novel causes of ketotic hypoglycemia in children.

Unexplained or idiopathic ketotic hypoglycemia (KH) is the most common type of hypoglycemia in children. The diagnosis is based on the exclusion of routine hormonal and metabolic causes of hypoglycemia. We aimed to identify novel genes that cause KH, as this may lead to a more targeted treatment.

[Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome].

In this review, we discuss the myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), which is characterised by extreme mental and physical fatigue with associated symptoms of pain, disturbed sleep, cognitive and autonomic dysfunction, as well as post-exertional malaise. This con-dition is often preceded by an infection, severe physiological and/or psychological strain. Over the last decades, research has demonstrated mitochondrial, neuroendocrine, immuno-logical, and metabolic perturbations in patients with ME/CFS, giving hope for the development of new biomarkers and new treatment modalities.

Glycemic control and bone mineral density in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Background/objective: Fracture risk is increased in patients with type 1 diabetes. We aimed to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and to identify risk factors associated to lower BMD in Danish children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study BMD Z-score were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) from a cohort of otherwise healthy children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Bone mass development is sensitive to insulin resistance in adolescent boys.

Purpose: Insulin resistance may exert a negative influence on bone mass in childhood and adolescence. The objective was to assess the association between insulin resistance and total body less head (TBLH) bone mineral content (BMC) and to investigate whether body composition, physical activity or osteocalcin levels may influence this association.

Methods: A longitudinal study with follow-up over more than 6 years was performed and included 562 apparently healthy participants with a mean age of 9.

Bone Mass Development in Childhood and Its Association with Physical Activity and Vitamin D Levels. The CHAMPS-Study DK.

This longitudinal study examined associations of bone mass with physical activity and vitamin D level over more than 6 years through puberty. A total of 663 participants (320 boys) with mean age 9.6 years at baseline (10-17 years at follow-up), underwent dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, anthropometry and blood samples for vitamin D at least twice during the study period (with three possible time-points).

Tracking of bone mass from childhood to puberty: a 7-year follow-up. The CHAMPS study DK.

Unlabelled: Bone mass in childhood is highly influenced by puberty. At the same age, bone mass was higher for pubertal than pre-pubertal children. A high level of tracking during 7 years from childhood through puberty was shown, indicating that early levels of bone mass may be important for later bone health.

A calcium-sensing receptor mutation causing hypocalcemia disrupts a transmembrane salt bridge to activate β-arrestin-biased signaling.

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that signals through G and G to stimulate cytosolic calcium (Ca) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling to control extracellular calcium homeostasis. Studies of loss- and gain-of-function mutations, which cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type 1 (FHH1) and autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1 (ADH1), respectively, have revealed that the CaSR signals in a biased manner. Thus, some mutations associated with FHH1 lead to signaling predominantly through the MAPK pathway, whereas mutations associated with ADH1 preferentially enhance Ca responses.

Alcohol consumption, smoking and development of visible age-related signs: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Visible age-related signs indicate biological age, as individuals that appear old for their age are more likely to be at poor health, compared with people that appear their actual age. The aim of this study was to investigate whether alcohol and smoking are associated with four visible age-related signs (arcus corneae, xanthelasmata, earlobe crease and male pattern baldness).

Methods: We used information from 11 613 individuals in the Copenhagen City Heart Study (1976-2003).

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors versus placebo in patients with major depressive disorder. A systematic review with meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.

Background: The evidence on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for major depressive disorder is unclear.

Methods: Our objective was to conduct a systematic review assessing the effects of SSRIs versus placebo, 'active' placebo, or no intervention in adult participants with major depressive disorder. We searched for eligible randomised clinical trials in The Cochrane Library's CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE, PsycLIT, PsycINFO, Science Citation Index Expanded, clinical trial registers of Europe and USA, websites of pharmaceutical companies, the U.

The influence of anthropometry and body composition on children's bone health: the childhood health, activity and motor performance school (the CHAMPS) study, Denmark.

Overweight, physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour have become increasing problems during the past decade. Increased sedentary behaviour may change the body composition (BC) by increasing the fat mass relative to the lean mass (LM). These changes may influence bone health to describe how anthropometry and BC predict the development of the bone accruement.