Visual information processing of 2D, virtual 3D and real-world objects marked by theta band responses: Visuospatial processing and cognitive load as a function of modality.

While pictures share global similarities with the real-world objects they depict, the latter have unique characteristics going beyond 2D representations. Due to its three-dimensional presentation mode, Virtual Reality (VR) is increasingly used to further approach real-world visual processing, yet it remains unresolved to what extent VR yields process comparable to real-world processes. Consequently, our study examined visuospatial processing by a triangular comparison of 2D objects, virtual 3D objects and real 3D objects.

A comparative analysis of face and object perception in 2D laboratory and virtual reality settings: insights from induced oscillatory responses.

In psychophysiological research, the use of Virtual Reality (VR) for stimulus presentation allows for the investigation of how perceptual processing adapts to varying degrees of realism. Previous time-domain studies have shown that perceptual processing involves modality-specific neural mechanisms, as evidenced by distinct stimulus-locked components. Analyzing induced oscillations across different frequency bands can provide further insights into neural processes that are not strictly phase-locked to stimulus onset.

Current opportunities and challenges of immersive virtual reality for psychological research and application.

Immersive virtual reality (iVR), that is, digital stereoscopic 360° scenarios usually presented in head-mounted displays, has gained much popularity in medical, educational, and consumer contexts in the last years. Recently, psychological research started to utilize the theoretical and methodological advantages of iVR. Furthermore, understanding cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes in iVR similar to real-life is a genuinely psychological, currently understudied topic.

Isotopic and mineralogic bias introduced by pulverization of aragonite.

Rationale: Stable carbon and oxygen isotope data of biogenic and abiogenic aragonite are of fundamental relevance in paleoclimate research. Wet-chemical analysis of such materials requires well-homogenized, fine-grained powder. In the present study, the effect of different grinding/milling methods on sample homogeneity and the potential risk of unintentional calcite formation and isotope shift were evaluated.

Submitting Novel Full-Length HLA, MIC, and KIR Alleles with TypeLoader2.

The Immuno Polymorphism Database (IPD) plays a pivotal role for immunogenetics. Due to technical limitations, genotyping often focuses on specific key regions like the antigen recognition domain (ARD) for HLA genotyping, and the databases are populated accordingly. More recently, though, modern next generation sequencing (NGS) assays allow using larger gene segments or even complete genes for genotyping.

Full-Length Characterization of Novel HLA-DRB1 Alleles for Reference Database Submission.

The prerequisite for successful HLA genotyping is the integrity of the large allele reference database IPD-IMGT/HLA. Consequently, it is in the laboratories' best interest that the data quality of submitted novel sequences is high. However, due to its long and variable length, the gene HLA-DRB1 presents the biggest challenge and as of today only 16% of the HLA-DRB1 alleles in the database are characterized in full length.

SHAP value-based ERP analysis (SHERPA): Increasing the sensitivity of EEG signals with explainable AI methods.

Conventionally, event-related potential (ERP) analysis relies on the researcher to identify the sensors and time points where an effect is expected. However, this approach is prone to bias and may limit the ability to detect unexpected effects or to investigate the full range of the electroencephalography (EEG) signal. Data-driven approaches circumvent this limitation, however, the multiple comparison problem and the statistical correction thereof affect both the sensitivity and specificity of the analysis.

Shrouded in history: Unveiling the ways of life of an early Muslim population in Santarém, Portugal (8th- 10th century AD).

In around 716 AD, the city of Santarém, Portugal, was conquered by the Berber and Arab armies that swept the Iberian Peninsula and went on to rule the region until the 12th century. Archaeological excavations in 2007/08 discovered an Islamic necropolis (Avenida 5 de Outubro #2-8) that appears to contain the remains of an early Muslim population in Santarém (8th- 10th century). In this study, skeletal material from 58 adult individuals was analysed for stable carbon (δ13Ccol; δ13Cap), nitrogen (δ15N) and sulphur (δ34S) isotope ratios in bones, and stable oxygen (δ18O), carbon (δ13Cen) and radiogenic strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotopes in tooth enamel.

Electrophysiological correlates of face and object perception: A comparative analysis of 2D laboratory and virtual reality conditions.

Human face perception is a specialized visual process with inherent social significance. The neural mechanisms reflecting this intricate cognitive process have evolved in spatially complex and emotionally rich environments. Previous research using VR to transfer an established face perception paradigm to realistic conditions has shown that the functional properties of face-sensitive neural correlates typically observed in the laboratory are attenuated outside the original modality.

Induced oscillatory brain responses under virtual reality conditions in the context of repetition priming.

In the human electroencephalogram (EEG), induced oscillatory responses in various frequency bands are regarded as valuable indices to examine the neural mechanisms underlying human memory. While the advent of virtual reality (VR) drives the investigation of mnemonic processing under more lifelike settings, the joint application of VR and EEG methods is still in its infancy (e.g.

Two centuries of southwest Iceland annually-resolved marine temperature reconstructed from shells.

Iceland's exposure to major ocean current pathways of the central North Atlantic makes it a useful location for developing long-term proxy records of past marine climate. Such records provide more detailed understanding of the full range of past variability which is necessary to improve predictions of future changes. We constructed a 225-year (1791-2015 CE) master shell growth chronology from 29 shells of collected at 100 m water depth in southwest Iceland (Faxaflói).

Regular use of acupressure mats reduces perceived stress at subjective but not psychophysiological levels: Insights from a three-week relaxation training.

Acupressure mats are promoted as stress management tools for easy and effective self-application, promising reduced stress and increased well-being. However, the scientific evidence for these effects is based on few experimental studies and lacks the examination of acupressure mats as a solitary relaxation tool. Our study aimed to examine which changes in stress and well-being can be expected from the use of acupressure mats by healthy young people on the subjective and psychophysiological level.

One body, two faces: How double standards influence body evaluation in women with binge-eating disorder compared to mentally healthy women with higher weight and average weight.

Objective: Research has found evidence that women with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) apply different standards for themselves than for others when evaluating bodies, an aspect of a disturbed body image. This study investigates whether women with binge-eating disorder (BED) likewise show self-deprecating double standards (DS).

Methods: Women with BED (n = 40), women with higher weight (n = 40) and women with average weight (n = 40) viewed a presentation of different builds, including their individual ideal body, which were presented once with participants' own and once with an unknown woman's face.

High-resolution history of oxygen depletion in the SW Baltic Sea since the mid-19th century as revealed by bivalve shells.

The Baltic Sea serves as a model region to study processes leading to oxygen depletion. Reconstructing past low-oxygen occurrences, specifically hypoxia, is crucial to understand current ecological disturbances and developing future mitigation strategies. The history of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in some Baltic Sea basins has been investigated in previous studies, but temporally well-constrained, inter-annual and better resolved DO reconstructions are still scarce.

Real-life relevant face perception is not captured by the N170 but reflected in later potentials: A comparison of 2D and virtual reality stimuli.

The perception of faces is one of the most specialized visual processes in the human brain and has been investigated by means of the early event-related potential component N170. However, face perception has mostly been studied in the conventional laboratory, i.e.

New is not always better: Virtual reality does not necessarily enhance mnemonic processing.

Integrating new technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR) can contribute to increasing efficiency in several areas relevant to society. VR can be applied in various contexts and has the potential to improve mnemonic processes and memory performance. However, the specific conditions under which VR is more beneficial than conventional learning methods remain unclear.

The reality of virtual reality.

Virtual reality (VR) has become a popular tool for investigating human behavior and brain functions. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether VR constitutes an actual form of reality or is more like an advanced simulation. Determining the nature of VR has been mostly achieved by self-reported presence measurements, defined as the feeling of being submerged in the experience.

Giving a Body a Different Face-How Men and Women Evaluate Their Own Body vs. That of Others.

Eating disorders affect women more than men. Women reportedly dislike their body shape more and appreciate it less than do men. One factor influencing body image might be the application of different standards for oneself than for other people when evaluating bodies.

Temporal and spatial variability of prehistoric aquatic resource procurement: a case study from Mesolithic Northern Iberia.

Prehistoric shell middens hold valuable evidence of past human-environment interactions. In this study, we used carbon (δC) and oxygen (δO) stable isotopes of Mytilus galloprovincialis shells excavated from El Perro, La Fragua and La Chora, three Mesolithic middens in Cantabria, Northern Spain, to examine hunter-gatherer subsistence strategies in terms of seasonality and collection areas. Furthermore, we used shell δO to reconstruct water temperature during the early Holocene.

Temperature-induced microstructural changes in shells of laboratory-grown Arctica islandica (Bivalvia).

Bivalve shells are increasingly used as archives for high-resolution paleoclimate analyses. However, there is still an urgent need for quantitative temperature proxies that work without knowledge of the water chemistry-as is required for δ18O-based paleothermometry-and can better withstand diagenetic overprint. Recently, microstructural properties have been identified as a potential candidate fulfilling these requirements.

HLA-E diversity unfolded: Identification and characterization of 170 novel HLA-E alleles.

HLA-E is a member of the nonclassical HLA class Ib genes. Even though it is structurally highly similar to the classical HLA class Ia genes, it is less diverse and only 45 alleles and 12 proteins were known in December 2019 (IPD-IMGT/HLA, release 3.38.

Virtual reality experiences promote autobiographical retrieval mechanisms: Electrophysiological correlates of laboratory and virtual experiences.

Recent advancements in memory research indicate that virtual reality (VR) experiences are more vividly memorized as compared to conventional laboratory events. In contrast to the latter, VR experiences are highly immersive, simulating the multimodality, vividness and inclusiveness of real-life experiences. Therefore, VR might enable researchers to identify memory processes underlying events which participants have actually experienced, in contrast to conventional on-screen experiences.

Paleoceanography of the Late Cretaceous northwestern Tethys Ocean: Seasonal upwelling or steady thermocline?

In this study we attempted to assess whether seasonal upwelling or a steady thermocline persisted at the western margin of the Tethys Ocean during the late Turonian-early Coniacian interval. For this scope, we employed novel and published stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) data of various organisms (bivalves, bivalves, brachiopods, fish and belemnites). New seasonally resolved temperature estimates were based on the δ18O record of sequentially sampled inoceramid (Inoceramus sp.