[How to involve fathers in parent-infant therapy].

This paper deals with the role of fathers within a context of parent-infant counseling or therapy. A review of the evidence regarding father-infant interaction and of fathers' involvement in therapeutic intervention is complemented by a case vignette of a young family. It illustrates the different personal characteristics of each parent in their family interaction and delineates options for therapists, notably the useful potentials of fathers.

[Paternal presence--a four-level model].

A framework model for paternal presence is introduced, which is meant to assist the integration of the often times confusing magnitude of theoretical findings of contemporary father research. The presented model includes a biological, an intrapersonal, an interpersonal as well as a family level. The levels are based on and contain one another.