High-Grade Follicular Cell-Derived Non-Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Correlating Extent of Invasion and Mutation Profile with Oncologic Outcome.

The 2022 World Health Organization classification introduced the term high-grade follicular cell-derived nonanaplastic thyroid carcinoma (HGFCTC) to define invasive/infiltrative nonanaplastic thyroid carcinoma with high-grade features, including poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and high-grade differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Our objectives were to compare clinicopathological characteristics, oncologic outcomes, and mutation profiles among HGFCTC subgroups to better inform prognostication and treatment. In this single-center, retrospective cohort study of 252 patients who had surgery for HGFCTC from 1986 to 2020, we categorized HGFCTC and its related entity, "encapsulated noninvasive neoplasms of follicular cells with high-grade features," into five subgroups: (A) encapsulated noninvasive, (B) encapsulated with capsular invasion only (minimally invasive), (C) encapsulated angioinvasive with focal vascular invasion (VI), (D) encapsulated angioinvasive with extensive VI, and (E) infiltrative tumors.

Active Surveillance for Pleomorphic Adenomas of the Parotid-Tumor Growth Rate, Potential Malignancy, and Surgical Sequalae.

Objective: The outcomes of active surveillance (AS) for pleomorphic adenomas (PA) as an alternative to upfront parotidectomy have not been previously documented in the literature. This cohort study aims to assess the safety and feasibility of AS for parotid gland PA.

Methods: All patients with of previously untreated PA managed between 1990 and 2015 were reviewed.

Impact of tongue base mucosectomy on quality-of-life outcomes: systematic review and single-centre experience.

Purpose: Tongue base mucosectomy (TBM) is a well-established procedure in investigating cervical squamous cell carcinoma of occult primary. However, its risks have not been balanced against its benefits with validated tools.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted for reported complications and quality-of-life outcomes following TBM.

Outcomes of SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma: Largest single-center cross-sectional study.

Background: We evaluate outcomes of SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinomas in the largest single-institution study.

Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study of patients with SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma between 1998 and 2024. Disease-specific survival (DSS) and recurrence-free probability (RFP) at 1 and 5 years were measured by Kaplan-Meier method.

Parotidectomy for deep lobe pleomorphic adenomas is associated with higher rates of complications and recurrence.

Background: Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is a common parotid tumor, yet due to the relative rarity of deep lobe PA (DLPA), there is a paucity of information about its clinical presentation and surgical outcomes.

Methods: We reviewed the charts of patients with previously untreated parotid PA between the years 1990 and 2015. Clinical parameters and surgical outcomes were compared between superficial lobe PA (SLPA) and DLPA.

Defining the Genomic Landscape of Diffuse Sclerosing Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Prognostic Implications of RET Fusions.

Background: Diffuse sclerosing papillary thyroid carcinoma (DSPTC) is an aggressive histopathologic subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Correlation between genotype and phenotype has not been comprehensively described. This study aimed to describe the genomic landscape of DSPTC comprehensively using next-generation sequencing (NGS), analyze the prognostic implications of different mutations, and identify potential molecular treatment targets.

Outcomes of Conversion Surgery for Patients With Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Importance: The outcomes of patients with low-risk thyroid cancer who undergo surgery following a period of active surveillance (AS) are not well-defined.

Objective: To evaluate surgical, pathologic, and oncologic outcomes among patients undergoing conversion surgery (CS) following AS for low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cohort study, patients who underwent CS for disease progression were compared with patients who underwent CS without disease progression and with a propensity score-matched cohort of patients who underwent initial surgery (IS).

A Prospective Double-Blinded Comparison of Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Conventional Histopathology for In Vivo Assessment in Oral Cancer.

Purpose: We investigated reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) as a possible noninvasive approach for the diagnosis of cancer and real-time assessment of surgical margins.

Experimental Design: In a phase I study on 20 patients, we established the RCM imaging morphologic features that distinguish oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) from normal tissue with a newly developed intraoral RCM probe. Our subsequent phase II prospective double-blinded study in 60 patients tested the diagnostic accuracy of RCM against histopathology.

Partial Thyroidectomy With Incidental Metastatic Lymph Nodes.

Importance: The need for completion thyroidectomy in patients with incidental metastatic lymph nodes after partial thyroidectomy is unclear.

Objective: To investigate the outcomes of patients with incidental metastatic lymph nodes following partial thyroidectomy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained thyroid cancer database from 1985 to 2015 was carried out at a head and neck surgery practice at a tertiary referral cancer center.

Risk of Carcinoma in Pleomorphic Adenomas of the Parotid.

Importance: Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) of the parotid to prevent further growth and potential future malignant transformation. While historical case series have reported transformation rates as high as 10%, there is a lack of contemporary methodologically sound data.

Objective: To examine the rate of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) detection in untreated PAs and investigate factors associated with malignant neoplasm.

CAD/CAM-assisted ablative surgery and intraoperative brachytherapy for pediatric skull-base sarcomas.

Background: Head and neck (H&N) sarcomas in children can poise numerous challenges to the surgical oncologist and require multidisciplinary input and meticulous surgical planning. The application of computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) has been extensively examined in H&N reconstruction in adults, but its utility in ablative oncologic surgery in children warrants further examination. We present preliminary results utilizing CAD/CAM techniques to assist in planning tumor resections and the application of intra-operative radiation in children with skull-base sarcomas.

Complications of Thyroid Cancer Surgery in Pediatric Patients at a Tertiary Cancer Center.

Background: The incidence of complications and risk factors for hypocalcemia after pediatric thyroid cancer surgery has not been clearly defined in the literature because most reports fail to distinguish between benign and malignant disease. The trend away from total thyroidectomy (TT) to thyroid lobectomy in low-risk disease means there is a need to clearly define the complication profile of malignant disease.

Methods: After institutional review board (IRB) approval, a retrospective chart review was undertaken at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center for pediatric patients undergoing surgery for well-differentiated thyroid cancer from 1986 to 2021.

Is Multifocality a Predictor of Poor Outcome in Childhood and Adolescent Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?

Context: Total thyroidectomy in pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is recommended in national guidelines because of the high incidence of multifocal disease (MFD).

Objective: To determine the incidence of MFD in childhood and adolescent vs adult PTC and whether MFD is a predictor for poorer outcomes in childhood and adolescent PTC.

Methods: We conducted an institutional review board-approved review of patients with PTC undergoing surgery (1986-2021) at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.

Diffuse Sclerosing Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognostic Implications Compared with Classic and Tall Cell Papillary Thyroid Cancer.

Background: The clinical behaviour and oncologic outcome of diffuse sclerosing papillary thyroid carcinoma (DS-PTC) is poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to compare the clinicopathological characteristics and oncological outcomes of DS-PTC to classic PTC (cPTC) and tall cell PTC (TC-PTC).

Methods: After institutional review board approval, 86 DS-PTC, 2,080 cPTC, and 701 TC-PTC patients treated at MSKCC between 1986 and 2021 were identified.

Hospital volume as a predictor of outcomes following pediatric thyroidectomy.

Background: Pediatric thyroidectomy (PT) is an uncommon procedure with a risk of significant morbidity. This study utilizes a national database to identify factors associated with short-term (30-day) post-thyroidectomy complications in children with thyroid cancer.

Methods: The 2016 and 2012 Kids' Inpatient Databases (KID) were used in this study.

Functional ear symptoms referred to an otology clinic: incidence, co-morbidity, aetiological factors and a new experience-driven clinical model.

Objective: This study aimed to review the incidence and co-morbidity of functional ear symptoms in new referrals to an adult otology clinic and present a clinical model based on neuroscientific concepts.

Method: This was a retrospective review of 1000 consecutive new referrals to an adult otology clinic.

Results: Functional disorder was the primary diagnosis in 346 patients (34.

Sinonasal carcinosarcoma with cartilaginous and rhabdomyoblastic components: A previously undescribed entity.

Carcinosarcomas are rare, aggressive tumors seldom found in the sinonasal region. They classically consist of sarcomatous spindle cell and carcinomatous squamous cell elements. A 61-year-old woman presented reporting right-sided nasal discharge and obstruction.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on head-neck cancer referral and treatment pathway in North East London.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to wide-ranging disruption of head-neck cancer (HNC) service provision in the UK. Early reports suggest delays in referral, diagnosis and initiation of treatment for new cancer cases compared with before the pandemic.

Methods: The HNC service was studied retrospectively for the time-periods between 1 January 2020 to 31 October 2020 (hereafter 'post-COVID') and 1 January 2019 to 31 October 2019 (hereafter 'pre-COVID').

Head-neck dissection course during COVID-19 pandemic: challenges, adaptations and how we did it.

Introduction: Cadaveric dissection courses have come to a standstill since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to limited operative opportunities, cancellation of such courses has severely impacted surgical training, especially in a craft-based specialty such as head-neck surgery. The aim of this educational project was to: (1) study the feasibility of an in-person head-neck cadaveric dissection course during COVID-19 pandemic; and (2) validate the educational benefit of this teaching method to ear, nose and throat (ENT) trainees.

Subglottic and tracheal stenosis associated with coronavirus disease 2019.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 critical care patients endure prolonged periods of intubation. Late tracheostomy insertion, large endotracheal tubes and high cuff pressures increase their risk of subglottic and tracheal stenosis. This patient cohort also often appears to have co-morbidities associated with laryngotracheal stenosis, including high body mass index and laryngopharyngeal reflux.

Demographic diversity of participants in Pfizer sponsored clinical trials in the United States.

The approval of new medicinal agents requires robust efficacy and safety clinical trial data demonstrated to be applicable to population subgroups. Limited data have previously been reported by drug sponsors on the topic of clinical trial diversity. In order to establish a baseline of diversity in our clinical trials that can be used by us and other sponsors, an analysis of clinical trial diversity was conducted covering race, ethnicity, sex, and age.