The Effects of Boxing Glove Design on Thumb Position When Making a Fist for Striking.

Peveler, WW, Schoffstall, J, Coots, J, Kilian, J, and Glauser, J. The effects of boxing glove design on thumb position when making a fist for striking. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): 948-950, 2024-It has been suggested that boxing glove design alters thumb position increasing the risk of injury.

Electromyographic response of the abdominal musculature to varying abdominal exercises.

This study examined the electromyographic (EMG) response of the upper rectus abdominis (URA), lower rectus abdominis (LRA), internal obliques (IOs), external obliques (EOs), and the rectus femoris (RF) during various abdominal exercises (crunch, supine V-up, prone V-up on ball, prone V-up on slide board, prone V-up on TRX, and prone V-up on Power Wheel). The subjects (n = 21) performed an isometric contraction of the abdominal musculature while performing these exercises. Testing revealed no statistically significant differences between any of the exercises with respect to the EOs, the URA, or the LRA.

Effects of dehydration and rehydration on the one-repetition maximum bench press of weight-trained males.

Dehydration, a common practice among competitive athletes in sports including weight classes, has uncertain effects on strength. This study examined the effects of passive dehydration (D, approximately 2 hours in a sauna) followed by rehydration (R, approximately 2 hours of rest with water ad libitum) on bench press one-repetition maximum (1RM). Ten weight-trained males (x +/- SE; age = 25 +/- 1 years; mass = 85.

Blood lead levels in emergency department patients with retained lead bullets and shrapnel.

Objective: To determine whether patients with retained lead shrapnel who present to the ED have elevated whole blood lead levels (BLLs) compared with matched control patients.

Methods: Test subjects were patients with x-ray evidence of retained lead shrapnel who presented to any of three urban EDs, and consented to inclusion in the study. BLLs were obtained from 15 ED patients, and data regarding time since injury and symptoms of plumbism were collected.

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis in a Jamaican male.

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is a rare endocrine disorder most prevalent among individuals of Asian descent that presents as proximal muscle weakness, hypokalemia, and signs of hyperthyroidism. We present the case report of a patient with previously undiagnosed hyperthyroidism, protracted muscle weakness with transient exacerbations, and nocturnal onset of periodic paralysis affecting the upper and lower limbs.

Advantage of high-surface-area charcoal for gastrointestinal decontamination in a human acetaminophen ingestion model.

Objective: To compare the abilities of low-surface-area (LSA) vs 2 types of high-surface-area (HSA) activated charcoal given orally to adsorb acetaminophen in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, as demonstrated by the impact of these agents on the serum levels and area under the curve (AUC) in a simulated human overdose model.

Methods: The main arm of the study was a prospective double-blind crossover trial in which 6 volunteers, serving as their own controls, ingested acetaminophen (50 mg/kg), followed randomly in 10 minutes by either powdered LSA charcoal (950 m2/g) or powdered HSA charcoal (2,000 m2/g) in a charcoal:drug ratio of 8:1. In a second arm of the study, 3 subjects additionally ingested an equal dose of a granular preparation of the HSA charcoal.

Effect of permissive hypotension in continuous uncontrolled intra-abdominal hemorrhage.

Objective: To determine the effects of aggressive fluid administration vs permissive hypotension on survival, blood loss, and hemodynamics in a model of uncontrolled hemorrhage in which bleeding has been shown to be continuous.

Methods: In this porcine model, 10 animals were bled through a flow-monitored shunt placed between the femoral artery and the peritoneal cavity. The animals received either no fluid (n = 5) or 80 mL/kg lactated Ringer's solution (n = 5) during a resuscitation phase between 10 and 20 minutes postinjury, followed by a 40-minute evaluation phase.

A new model of uncontrolled hemorrhage that allows correlation of blood pressure and hemorrhage.

Objective: To compare hemodynamics, mortality rates, and bleeding rates at 3 severities of hemorrhage in a new model of uncontrolled intra-abdominal bleeding that uses an injury of varying severity and geometry unfavorable to thrombosis.

Methods: Ten swine were bled through a flow-monitored shunt placed between the femoral artery and the peritoneal cavity. The shunt was connected to catheters of varying diameters placed in the femoral artery to create 3 rates of hemorrhage.

Observation of emergency medicine residents at the bedside: how often does it happen?

Objective: To determine how often trainees in emergency medicine (EM) are observed while performing a history, a physical examination, or specific procedures.

Methods: The 26 members of the National Consensus Group on Clinical Skills in Emergency Medicine affiliated with an EM residency program were asked to circulate a survey to their residents during February and March 1994. Twenty-one programs participated, surveying a total of 514 residents.

Comparison of intermittent and continuously nebulized albuterol for treatment of asthma in an urban emergency department.

Study Objective: To compare continuously nebulized albuterol with intermittent bolus nebulization of albuterol.

Design: Consecutive block enrollment in groups of ten to continuous or intermittent therapy.

Setting: Urban emergency department.

Inefficacy of intraperitoneal fluid administration in a shock model.

Intraperitoneal (IP) fluid administration has been previously used to treat dehydrated children. The relative ease and reported safety of this route suggests its potential utility for volume resuscitation in the acutely ill child. Previous research regarding IP fluid infusion has not examined its use in shock states.

The influence of age and sex on asthma admissions.

Objective: To describe demographic data from a large population of asthmatic patients to define the role of age and sex as risk factors for asthma admission.

Design: A retrospective review of all asthma admissions as defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code 493.0.

Plasma catecholamine levels after intraosseous epinephrine administration in a cardiac arrest model.

Study Objective: To measure plasma catecholamine levels and the cardiovascular response after administering epinephrine by the intraosseous (IO) route in an animal cardiac arrest model.

Model: Eighteen anesthetized swine (weight, 12 to 15 kg) subjected to five minutes of electrically induced ventricular fibrillation followed by 25 minutes of chest compression and ventilation.

Interventions: Animals were anesthetized with 30 mg/kg IM ketamine and 75 mg/kg IV a-chloralose, intubated, placed on a respirator, and surgically instrumented.

Effects of calcium channel blocker overdose-induced toxicity in the conscious dog.

Study Objective: To evaluate the effects of nifedipine, diltiazem, and verapamil overdose on systemic hemodynamics and blood flows to the coronary, superior mesenteric, renal, and iliac arteries in the unanesthetized dog.

Design: Nonblinded, controlled animal study.

Setting: Research laboratory of a large pharmaceutical company.

Serum glucose after intraperitoneal infusion of 5% dextrose solution.

Study Objective: This study investigated the use of intraperitoneal (IP) glucose infusion as a therapy for hypoglycemia.

Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design, with each animal serving as its own control.

Setting: Laboratory investigation.

Comparison of two doses of endotracheal epinephrine in a cardiac arrest model.

Study Objective: The objective of this study was to measure plasma catecholamine levels and the cardiovascular response before and after endotracheal administration of epinephrine in a swine cardiac arrest model.

Design: Prospective, controlled laboratory investigation.

Type Of Participants: Twenty-one swine weighing 10 to 12 kg, anesthetized with ketamine and alpha-chloralose and ventilated with room air.

Endogenous and exogenous plasma catecholamine levels in cardiac arrest in swine.

The use of epinephrine in cardiac arrest remains an area of continuing controversy. This study was undertaken to characterize the effect of endogenous and exogenous epinephrine on plasma epinephrine levels, and the relationship between plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine and mean arterial pressure and diastolic arterial pressure. Nineteen young swine were anesthetized with ketamine and alpha-chloralose and instrumented with arterial and central venous lines.

Plasma catecholamines, pH, and blood pressure during cardiac arrest in pigs.

This study examined plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations, pH, and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) in a cardiac arrest model. Twenty-three domestic swine (15-26 kg) were anesthetized with ketamine 20 mg/kg, i.m.

Intraosseous crystalloid and blood infusion in a swine model.

The technique of intraosseous infusion has attracted increasing interest in recent years, and has proven valuable for drug administration. This study was undertaken to determine whether it was also a potential route for fluid resuscitation. Thirteen- or eighteen-gauge tibial intraosseous needles were placed in eight "large" (mean weight, 14.

Comparison of intraosseous, central, and peripheral routes of sodium bicarbonate administration during CPR in pigs.

Obtaining venous access continues to be one of the most difficult problems faced by a physician caring for the pediatric patient in cardiac arrest. Our study examined the use of the intraosseous route (through the bone) to obtain venous access for sodium bicarbonate administration in a cardiac arrest model. Ventricular fibrillation was induced in 23 domestic swine.