Measuring the invisible: perinatal health outcomes of unregistered women giving birth in Belgium, a population-based study.

Background: The unregistered population remains under-researched because of its "invisible" status in statistics. Studies on perinatal health outcomes of unregistered women remains particularly limited. Our objectives were 1) to describe the sociodemographic profiles of women who are not legally residing in Belgium and 2) to analyze the associations of registration status with pregnancy outcomes according to socioeconomic status and nationality.

Interventions to Support International Migrant Women's Reproductive Health in Western-Receiving Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The reproductive health outcomes of international migrant women differ in comparison with receiving-country-born women, depending on country of birth and immigrant status. Effective interventions to support the reproductive health of international migrant women are not well known. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies between 2010 and 2017 evaluating interventions directly or indirectly affecting the reproductive health (as defined by the World Health Organization) of international migrant women in Western-receiving countries.

Influence of time since naturalisation on socioeconomic status and low birth weight among immigrants in Belgium. A population-based study.

Background: Increasingly studies show that immigrants have different perinatal health outcomes compared to native-born women. Nevertheless, we lack a detailed examination of the combined effects of maternal immigrant trajectory and socioeconomic status on perinatal outcomes. Our objective was to analyze the influence of time since naturalization on low birth weight and maternal socioeconomic status in Belgium.

Is the socioeconomic status of immigrant mothers in Brussels relevant to predict their risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes?

Background: Understanding and tackling perinatal health inequities in industrialized countries requires analysing the socioeconomic determinants of adverse pregnancy outcomes among immigrant populations. Studies show that among certain migrant groups, education is not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We aim to extend this analysis to further dimensions of socioeconomic status (SES) and to other settings.

Examining the high rate of cigarette smoking among adults with a GED.

Objectives: We seek to identify characteristics of GED holders that explain their very high smoking rates compared with high school (HS) graduates.

Methods: We pooled data from the 2006-2014 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) for adults aged 25 and older (n=235,031) to describe cigarette smoking behaviors and smoking history for adults in six education categories, with a focus on comparing GED holders to HS graduates. Logistic regression was used to predict the odds of current cigarette smoking and successful quitting, accounting for demographic, employment, family/sociocultural, mental health, and other potential confounders.

Excess mortality among people who report lifetime use of illegal drugs in the United States: A 20-year follow-up of a nationally representative survey.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the mortality risks, over 20 years of follow-up in a nationally representative sample, associated with illegal drug use and to describe risk factors for mortality.

Methods: We analyzed data from the 1991 National Health Interview Survey, which is a nationally representative household survey in the United States, linked to the National Death Index through 2011. This study included 20,498 adults, aged 18-44 years in 1991, with 1047 subsequent deaths.

The effects of cancer research participation on patient experience: a mixed-methods analysis.

Patient-reported benefits of research participation have been described by study participants; however, many studies have small sample sizes or are limited to patient groups with poor prognoses. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of research participation on patient experience using survey responses from a large, national sample of cancer patients (N = 66 462) and interviews with breast cancer patients attending a London trust. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate associations between taking part in research and positive patient experience.

Stratified, precision or personalised medicine? Cancer services in the 'real world' of a London hospital.

We conducted ethnographic research in collaboration with a large, research-intensive London breast cancer service in 2013-2014 so as to understand the practices and potential effects of stratified medicine. Stratified medicine is often seen as a synonym for both personalised and precision medicine but these three terms, we found, also related to distinct facets of treatment and care. Personalised medicine is the term adopted for the developing 2016 NHS England Strategy, in which breast cancer care is considered a prime example of improved biological precision and better patient outcomes.

Are all immigrant mothers really at risk of low birth weight and perinatal mortality? The crucial role of socio-economic status.

Background: Increasing studies show that immigrants have different perinatal health outcomes compared to native women. Nevertheless, we lack a systematic examination of the combined effects of immigrant status and socioeconomic factors on perinatal outcomes. Our objectives were to analyse national Belgian data to determine 1) whether socioeconomic status (SES) modifies the association between maternal nationality and perinatal outcomes (low birth weight and perinatal mortality); 2) the effect of adopting the Belgian nationality on the association between maternal foreign nationality and perinatal outcomes.

Electronic Cigarette Use Among Adults: United States, 2014.

The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) first began collecting data about e-cigarette use in 2014. The estimates presented in this report provide a foundation for understanding who is using e-cigarettes and for monitoring changes in e-cigarette use among U.S.

Exploring research participation among cancer patients: analysis of a national survey and an in-depth interview study.

Background: Inequalities in cancer research participation are thought to exist with certain groups under-represented in research populations; however, much of the evidence is based on small-scale studies. The aim of this study was to explore data from in-depth interviews with cancer patients and a large national survey to investigate variation in who is asked to participate in research and who takes part.

Methods: Factors associated with research discussion and participation were explored in National Cancer Patient Experience Survey data using multivariate logistic regression and during in-depth interviews with 25 breast cancer patients.

Discussions between health care providers and their patients who smoke cigarettes.

Increasing tobacco screening in health care settings is a Healthy People 2020 objective. This report looks at adult cigarette smokers in the general household population and whether a doctor or other health professional had talked to them about their smoking in the past 12 months. About one-half of all adult cigarette smokers (51.

Mortality risks associated with average drinking level and episodic heavy drinking.

Data from the 1997 to 2004 National Health Interview Survey Sample Adult questionnaires were linked to the National Death Index (N = 242,397) to examine mortality risks associated with average and episodic heavy drinking. Cox proportional hazard models (Stata 12.0) revealed that (average) heavier drinkers and episodic heavy drinkers (5+ in a day) had increased mortality risks but when examined together, episodic heavy drinking added only modestly to the mortality risks of light and moderate drinkers.

Health behaviors of adults: United States, 2008-2010.

Objective-This report presents selected prevalence estimates for key health behaviors-alcohol use, cigarette smoking, leisure-time physical activity, body mass index, and sleep-among U.S. adults, using data from the 2008-2010 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).

Trends in adults receiving a recommendation for exercise or other physical activity from a physician or other health professional.

The Healthy People 2020 objectives for physical activity include two objectives for increasing the proportion of physician office visits that include counseling or education related to exercise (see http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/default.

Adherence to the 2008 adult physical activity guidelines and mortality risk.

Background: Mortality differentials by level and intensity of physical activity have been widely documented. A comprehensive review of scientific evidence of the health benefits of physical activity led the USDHHS to issue new Federal Guidelines for physical activity in 2008. Reductions in mortality risk associated with adherence to these Guidelines among the general U.

Prevalence of stroke and related burden among older people living in Latin America, India and China.

Objectives: Despite the growing importance of stroke in developing countries, little is known of stroke burden in survivors. The authors investigated the prevalence of self-reported stroke, stroke-related disability, dependence and care-giver strain in Latin America (LA), China and India.

Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted on individuals aged 65+ (n=15 022) living in specified catchment areas.

Trend and prevalence estimates based on the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.

Background: According to the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, adults need to engage in at least 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity activity or its equivalent (defined as aerobically active) to obtain substantial health benefits and more than 300 minutes/week (defined as highly active) to obtain more extensive health benefits. In addition to aerobic activity, the 2008 Guidelines recommend that adults participate in muscle-strengthening activities on 2 or more days/week.

Purpose: This study examined the prevalence and trends of meeting the activity criteria defined by the 2008 Guidelines among U.

Health behaviors of adults: United States, 2005-2007.

Objective: This report presents selected prevalence estimates for key indicators of alcohol use, cigarette smoking, leisure-time physical activity, body weight status, and sleep among U.S. adults, using data from the 2005-2007 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).

Variations in BMI and prevalence of health risks in diverse racial and ethnic populations.

When examining health risks associated with the BMI, investigators often rely on the customary BMI thresholds of the 1995 World Health Organization report. However, within-interval variations in morbidity and mortality can be substantial, and the thresholds do not necessarily correspond to identifiable risk increases. Comparing the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), asthma, and arthritis among non-Hispanic whites, blacks, East Asians and Hispanics, we examine differences in the BMI-health-risk relationships for small BMI increments.

Accuracy and usefulness of BMI measures based on self-reported weight and height: findings from the NHANES & NHIS 2001-2006.

Background: The Body Mass Index (BMI) based on self-reported height and weight ("self-reported BMI") in epidemiologic studies is subject to measurement error. However, because of the ease and efficiency in gathering height and weight information through interviews, it remains important to assess the extent of error present in self-reported BMI measures and to explore possible adjustment factors as well as valid uses of such self-reported measures.

Methods: Using the combined 2001-2006 data from the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, discrepancies between BMI measures based on self-reported and physical height and weight measures are estimated and socio-demographic predictors of such discrepancies are identified.

Health characteristics of adults aged 55 years and over: United States, 2004-2007.

Objectives: This report highlights selected health characteristics of four age groups of older adults-55-64 years, 65-74 years, 75-84 years, and 85 years and over-using data from the 2004 through 2007 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Data are presented for each of these age groups by sex, race and Hispanic origin, and by poverty, health insurance, and marital status.

Methods: The estimates were derived from the family and sample adult components of the 2004-2007 NHIS.

Health behaviors of adults: United States, 2002-04.

Objective: This report presents selected prevalence estimates of alcohol use, cigarette smoking, leisure-time physical activity, body weight status, and sleep habits among U.S. adults, using data from the 2002-04 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS).

Health characteristics of adults 55 years of age and over: United States, 2000-2003.

Objective: This report highlights the health characteristics of four age groups of older adults-55-64 years, 65-74 years, 75-84 years, and 85 years and over-providing estimates by sex, race and Hispanic origin, poverty status, health insurance status, and marital status.

Methods: The estimates in this report were derived from the 2000-2003--National Health Interview Surveys' Family and Sample Adult questionnaires. Estimates are based on interviews with 39,990 sample adults aged 55 years and over.