Synthesis and evaluation of novel urethane macromonomers for the formulation of fracture tough 3D printable dental materials.

3D printing of materials which combine fracture toughness, high modulus and high strength is quite challenging. Most commercially available 3D printing resins contain a mixture of multifunctional (meth)acrylates. The resulting 3D printed materials are therefore brittle and not adapted for the preparation of denture bases.

Recovery of Verbal Working Memory Depends on Left Hemisphere White Matter Tracts.

Researchers propose that the recovery of language function following stroke depends on the recruitment of perilesional regions in the left hemisphere and/or homologous regions in the right hemisphere (Kiran, 2012). Many investigations of recovery focus on changes in gray matter regions (e.g.

Influence of the hydroperoxide structure on the reactivity and mechanical properties of self-cure dental composites.

Objectives: Hydroperoxides are key constituents of two-component dental materials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the hydroperoxide structure on the reactivity and on the mechanical properties of self-cure composites.

Methods: Hydroperoxides HP1-3 were synthesized by selective catalytic oxidation of the corresponding para-substituted cumene precursors and isolated in high purity.

Differences in Connected Speech Outcomes Across Elicitation Methods.

Background: Connected speech is often used to assess many aspects of an individual's language abilities after stroke. However, it is unknown the degree to which elicitation methods differ in generating structural and syntactic aspects of connected speech, two critical components of successful communication. Quantifying the degree to which elicitation methods differ in eliciting structurally, syntactically, and lexically complex connected speech at the earliest stage of stroke before reorganization and rehabilitation of function independent of clinical diagnosis of aphasia has not been examined to date.

Correction: Horne et al. White Matter Correlates of Domain-Specific Working Memory. 2023, , 19.

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Acylthiourea oligomers as promising reducing agents for dimethacrylate-based two-component dental materials.

Objectives: Currently used thiourea-based two-component dental materials may release bitter compounds if they are not properly cured. To address this issue, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of acylthiourea oligomers as reducing agents for the development of self-cure composites.

Methods: Acylthiourea oligomers ATUO1-3 were synthesized via cotelomerization of the acylthiourea methacrylate ATU1 with butyl methacrylate.

Using predictive validity to compare associations between brain damage and behavior.

Lesion-behavior mapping (LBM) provides a statistical map of the association between voxel-wise brain damage and individual differences in behavior. To understand whether two behaviors are mediated by damage to distinct regions, researchers often compare LBM weight outputs by either the Overlap method or the Correlation method. However, these methods lack statistical criteria to determine whether two LBM are distinct versus the same and are disconnected from a major goal of LBMs: predicting behavior from brain damage.

Contributions of semantic and phonological working memory to narrative language independent of single word production: Evidence from acute stroke.

Neuropsychological case studies have provided evidence that individuals with semantic, but not phonological, working memory (WM) deficits have difficulty producing phrases containing several content words. These findings supported the claim of a phrasal scope of planning at the grammatical formulation stage of production, where semantic WM supports the maintenance of lexical-semantic representations as they are inserted into slots in phrasal constituents. Recent narrative production results for individuals at the acute stage of stroke supported the role for semantic WM in phrasal elaboration while suggesting a role for phonological WM at a subsequent phonological encoding stage in supporting fluent, rapid speech.

White Matter Correlates of Domain-Specific Working Memory.

Prior evidence suggests domain-specific working memory (WM) buffers for maintaining phonological (i.e., speech sound) and semantic (i.

Anterior connectivity critical for recovery of connected speech after stroke.

Connected speech recovers to different degrees across people after left hemisphere stroke, but white matter predictors of differential recovery from the acute stage of stroke are unknown. We assessed changes in lexical-syntactic aspects of connected speech in a longitudinal analysis of 40 individuals (18 females) from the acute stage of left hemisphere stroke (within an average of 4 days post-stroke) to subacute (within 2 months) and chronic stages (early: 6 months, late: 1 year) while measuring the extent of acute lesions on white matter tracts to identify tracts predictive of recovery. We found that acute damage to the frontal aslant tract led to a decreased recovery of the fluency and structural complexity of connected speech during the year following left hemisphere stroke.

Assessing naming errors using an automated machine learning approach.

Objective: After left hemisphere stroke, 20%-50% of people experience language deficits, including difficulties in naming. Naming errors that are semantically related to the intended target (e.g.

Polymerizable thioureas as innovative reducing agents for self-cured and dual-cured dental materials.

Objective: To evaluate polymerizable acylthioureas as reducing agents in two-component dental materials.

Methods: Acylthioureas 1 and 2 were synthesized and characterized by H and C NMR spectroscopy. Self-cured composites based on the redox initiator system cumene hydroperoxide/acylthiourea 1 or 2/copper(II) acetylacetonate were formulated.

Working Memory Capacities Neurally Dissociate: Evidence from Acute Stroke.

Substantial behavioral evidence implies the existence of separable working memory (WM) components for maintaining phonological and semantic information. In contrast, only a few studies have addressed the neural basis of phonological versus semantic WM using functional neuroimaging and none has used a lesion-symptom mapping (LSM) approach. Here, we address this gap, reporting a multivariate LSM study of phonological and semantic WM for 94 individuals at the acute stage of left hemisphere stroke.

A Comparison of Manual Versus Automated Quantitative Production Analysis of Connected Speech.

Purpose Analysis of connected speech in the field of adult neurogenic communication disorders is essential for research and clinical purposes, yet time and expertise are often cited as limiting factors. The purpose of this project was to create and evaluate an automated program to score and compute the measures from the Quantitative Production Analysis (QPA), an objective and systematic approach for measuring morphological and structural features of connected speech. Method The QPA was used to analyze transcripts of Cinderella stories from 109 individuals with acute-subacute left hemisphere stroke.

One Year Trajectory of Caregiver Burden in Parkinson's Disease and Analysis of Gender-Specific Aspects.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that leads to impairments in activities of daily living. In addition to reducing patients' quality of life, this disease also affects caregivers' well-being. Until recently, caregiver burden was mainly assessed by generic questionnaires, which do not take the characteristics of the chronic disease into consideration.

High refractive index monofunctional monomers as promising diluents for dental composites.

Objectives: To evaluate high refractive index methacrylates as diluents for the formulation of radiopaque esthetic bulk-fill composites.

Methods: 2-(4-Cumylphenoxy)ethyl methacrylate 1, 2-(2-phenylphenoxy)ethyl methacrylate 2 and 2-[2-(2-phenylphenoxy)ethoxy]ethyl methacrylate 3 were synthesized and characterized by H NMR spectroscopy. The reactivity of each monomer was studied using photo-DSC.

Alexithymia Is Associated with Reduced Quality of Life and Increased Caregiver Burden in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease of people who are beyond 50 years of age. People with PD (PwP) suffer from a large variety of motor and non-motor symptoms resulting in reduced health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). In the last two decades, alexithymia was identified as an additional non-motor symptom in PD.

Association of Motor and Cognitive Symptoms with Health-Related Quality of Life and Caregiver Burden in a German Cohort of Advanced Parkinson's Disease Patients.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic progressive movement disorder with severe reduction in patients' health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Motor and cognitive symptoms are especially linked with decreased PD patients' HR-QoL. However, the relationship of these symptoms to caregiver burden is relatively unclear.

Dissociation between frontal and temporal-parietal contributions to connected speech in acute stroke.

Humans are uniquely able to retrieve and combine words into syntactic structure to produce connected speech. Previous identification of focal brain regions necessary for production focused primarily on associations with the content produced by speakers with chronic stroke, where function may have shifted to other regions after reorganization occurred. Here, we relate patterns of brain damage with deficits to the content and structure of spontaneous connected speech in 52 speakers during the acute stage of a left hemisphere stroke.

Mindfulness and Psychological Flexibility are Inversely Associated with Caregiver Burden in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder with progressive impairments in activities of daily living. With disease progression, people with PD (PwP) need more help and care from their spouses or professional caregivers. Identifying factors that help caregivers to cope with their burden is needed to frame future interventions for PwP caregivers.

Independent contributions of semantic and phonological working memory to spontaneous speech in acute stroke.

Patients with left hemisphere stroke often have language deficits which impair their ability to produce phrases and sentences. One possible source of these speech impairments is the disruption of verbal working memory (WM). Single-case studies of chronic stroke have suggested the existence of a WM capacity specific to maintaining semantic information that is critical for preparing multiple words in phrases prior to speech onset (Freedman, Martin, & Biegler, 2004; Martin & Freedman, 2001; Martin & He, 2004; Martin, Miller, & Vu, 2004).

Being fast or slow at naming depends on recency of experience.

The speed with which we produce words (e.g., dog) changes depending on whether a word named in the past is from the same semantic category (e.

Word selection deficits and multiword speech.

Through computational modelling of language behaviour in both healthy and brain-damaged individuals, Anders, Riès, van Maanen and Alario ( in press ) propose that to facilitate word selection when alternatives compete for production, the left lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) changes the threshold for word selection. Because selecting a word during multiword speech involves resolving competition from target-related competitors as well as words produced in the past and future, a word-selection deficit caused by damage to the left PFC may result in difficulties in producing multiword speech. I review evidence in support of this hypothesis and discuss alternative explanations.

Facilitation and interference in naming: A consequence of the same learning process?

Our success with naming depends on what we have named previously, a phenomenon thought to reflect learning processes. Repeatedly producing the same name facilitates language production (i.e.

Important considerations in lesion-symptom mapping: Illustrations from studies of word comprehension.

Lesion-symptom mapping is an important method of identifying networks of brain regions critical for functions. However, results might be influenced substantially by the imaging modality and timing of assessment. We tested the hypothesis that brain regions found to be associated with acute language deficits depend on (1) timing of behavioral measurement, (2) imaging sequences utilized to define the "lesion" (structural abnormality only or structural plus perfusion abnormality), and (3) power of the study.