Cardiac power and the association with heart failure and cardiovascular death in the general population.

Background: Cardiac power (CP) integrates echocardiographic and clinical parameters of hemodynamics, yet its prognostic value within the general population remains unexplored. This study investigated the association between CP and incident heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular (CV) death in the general population.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we measured CP in a total of 4022 individuals from the general population without prior HF.

Should workers be physically active after work? Associations of leisure-time physical activity with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality across occupational physical activity levels-An individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: There is insufficient evidence to provide recommendations for leisure-time physical activity among workers across various occupational physical activity levels. This study aimed to assess the association of leisure-time physical activity with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality across occupational physical activity levels.

Methods: This study utilized individual participant data from 21 cohort studies, comprising both published and unpublished data.

Associations of occupational and leisure-time physical activity with all-cause mortality: an individual participant data meta-analysis.

Objective: Health effects of different physical activity domains (ie, during leisure time, work and transport) are generally considered positive. Using data, we assessed independent associations of occupational and leisure-time physical activity (OPA and LTPA) with all-cause mortality.

Design: Two-stage individual participant data meta-analysis.

Type of Alcohol and Blood Pressure: The Copenhagen General Population Study.

Background: Most adults ingest alcoholic beverages. Alcohol shows strong and positive associations with blood pressure (BP). We hypothesized that intake of red wine, white wine, beer, and spirits and dessert wine show similar associations with BP in the general population.

Aortic Root Dimension Using Transthoracic Echocardiography: Results from the Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Findings regarding the relation between aortic size and risk factors are heterogeneous. This study aimed to generate new insights from a population-based adult cohort on aortic root dimensions and their association with age, anthropometric measures, and cardiac risk factors and evaluate the incidence of acute aortic events. Participants from the fifth examination round of the Copenhagen City Heart study (aged 20 to 98 years) with applicable echocardiograms and no history of aortic disease or valve surgery were included.

Normal values for left atrial strain, volume, and function derived from 3D echocardiography: the Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Aims: 3D echocardiographic (3DE) assessment of the left atrium (LA) is a new modality of potential clinical value. Age- and sex-based normative values are needed to benchmark these parameters for clinical use.

Methods And Results: Of 4466 participants in the 5th Copenhagen City Heart Study, a prospective longitudinal cohort study on the general population, 2082 participants underwent 3DE of the LA.

Even mild mitral regurgitation is associated with incident atrial fibrillation in the general population.

Aims: Mitral regurgitation (MR) can be difficult to quantify. We sought to investigate whether the MR jet area to left atrial (LA) area ratio (MR/LA ratio) method for quantifying MRs can be used to predict incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in the general population.

Methods And Results: The study included 4466 participants from the 5th Copenhagen City Heart Study, a prospective general population study, who underwent transthoracic echocardiography.

Normal age- and sex-based values of right ventricular free wall and four-chamber longitudinal strain by speckle-tracking echocardiography: from the Copenhagen City heart study.

Aim: To promote the implementation of right ventricular (RV) longitudinal strain in clinical practice, we sought to propose normal values for RV free wall (RVFWLS) and four-chamber longitudinal strain (RV4CLS) and investigate the association with clinical and echocardiographic parameters in participants from the general population.

Methods And Results: Participants from the 5th Copenhagen City Heart Study (2011-2015)-a prospective cohort study-with available RV longitudinal strain measurements were included. RVFWLS and RV4CLS were assessed using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography.

Association between myocardial work indices and cardiovascular events according to hypertension in the general population.

Aims: Pressure-strain loop (PSL) analysis is a novel echocardiographic tool capable of assessing myocardial work non-invasively. In this study, we aim to evaluate the prognostic value of myocardial work indices in the general population.

Methods And Results: This was a prospective community-based cohort study (n = 4466).

Right ventricular free wall and four-chamber longitudinal strain in relation to incident heart failure in the general population.

Aims: Right ventricular free wall (RVFWLS) and four-chamber longitudinal strain (RV4CLS) are associated with adverse events in various patient populations including patients with heart failure (HF). We sought to investigate the prognostic value of RVFWLS and RV4CLS for the development of incident HF in participants from the general population.

Methods And Results: Participants from the 5th Copenhagen City Heart Study (2011-2015) without known chronic ischaemic heart disease or HF at baseline were included.

Cohort study of postural sway and low back pain: the Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Purpose: Low back pain is a significant health problem with a high prevalence. Studies of smaller cohorts of low back pain patients have indicated increased body sway. The present paper tests the hypothesis of an association between low back pain and postural sway in a large randomly selected population.

The variability of 2D and 3D transthoracic echocardiography applied in a general population : Intermodality, inter- and intraobserver variability.

Assessment of the left ventricular (LV) function by three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) is potentially superior to 2D echo echocardiography (2DE) for LV performance assessment. However, intra- and interobserver variation needs further investigation. We examined the intra- and interobserver variability between 2 and 3DE in a general population.

Age- and sex-based normal reference ranges of the cardiac time intervals: the Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Background: Color tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) M-mode can be used to measure the cardiac time intervals including the isovolumic contraction time (IVCT), the left ventricular ejection time (LVET), the isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), and the combination of all the cardiac time intervals in the myocardial performance index (MPI) defined as [(IVCT + IVRT)/LVET]. The aim of this study was to establish normal age- and sex-based reference ranges for the cardiac time intervals.

Methods And Results: A total of 1969 participants free of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors from the general population with limited age range underwent an echocardiographic examination including TDI.

Normal Values and Reference Ranges for the Ratio of Transmitral Early Filling Velocity to Early Diastolic Strain Rate: The Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Background: The ratio of transmitral early filling velocity to early diastolic strain rate (E/e'sr) has recently emerged as a measure of left ventricular filling pressure. Reference values are needed for this new parameter for it to be used clinically.

Methods: Healthy participants from a prospective general population study, the Fifth Copenhagen City Heart Study, were assessed to establish reference values for E/e'sr derived from two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography.

Height Explains Sex Difference in Atrial Fibrillation Risk: Copenhagen General Population Study.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in men compared with women is explained by height.

Methods: From the Copenhagen General Population Study, we included 106,207 individuals (47,153 men and 59,054 women) from 20 to 100 years of age, without a prior diagnosis of AF, examined between November 25, 2003, and April 28, 2015. The main outcome was AF incidence from national hospital registers until April 2018.

Changes in cardiac time intervals over a decade and the risk of incident heart failure: The Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Background: The cardiac time intervals include the isovolumic contraction time (IVCT), the left ventricular ejection time (LVET), the isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and the combination of all the cardiac time intervals in the myocardial performance index (MPI) (defined as [(IVCT+IVRT)/LVET)]. Whether the cardiac time intervals change over time and which clinical factors that accelerate these changes is not well-established. Additionally, whether these changes are associated with subsequent heart failure (HF), remains unknown.

Link between myocardial deformation phenotyping using longitudinal and circumferential strain and risk of incident heart failure and cardiovascular death.

Aims: Left ventricular (LV) systolic deformation is altered early in the ventricular disease process despite normal LV ejection fraction (LVEF). These alterations seem to be characterized by decreased global longitudinal strain (GLS) and augmented global circumferential strain (GCS). This study aimed to investigate the link between myocardial deformation phenotyping using longitudinal and circumferential strain and risk of incident heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular death (CD).

Left Atrial Volumes and Function, and Long-Term Incidence of Ischemic Stroke in the General Population.

Background Left atrial (LA) volumes and emptying fraction in the general population may address structural and functional aspects of atrial cardiomyopathy associated with long-term risk of ischemic stroke in the absence of atrial fibrillation or prior stroke. We investigated the association between LA volumes and function and ischemic stroke. Methods and Results In a community-based cohort, we measured LA minimal volume, LA maximal volume, and LA emptying fraction by transthoracic echocardiography.

Physical activity in leisure time and at work and risk of dementia: A prospective cohort study of 117,616 individuals.

Background And Aims: Up to 40% of all dementia cases may be preventable, primarily by treating or acting on well-established cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and physical inactivity. Whether physical inactivity is associated with risk of non-Alzheimer's dementia - a disease influenced by cardiovascular risk factors - and whether a given association differs for physical activity in leisure time and at work remains unknown.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study including 117,616 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study and the Copenhagen City Heart Study with up to 43 years of follow-up.