Phase Behavior and Viscosity in Biomass Burning Organic Aerosol and Climatic Impacts.

Smoke particles generated by burning biomass consist mainly of organic aerosol termed biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA). BBOA influences the climate by scattering and absorbing solar radiation or acting as nuclei for cloud formation. The viscosity and the phase behavior (i.

Rate of atmospheric brown carbon whitening governed by environmental conditions.

Biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA) in the atmosphere contains many compounds that absorb solar radiation, called brown carbon (BrC). While BBOA is in the atmosphere, BrC can undergo reactions with oxidants such as ozone which decrease absorbance, or whiten. The effect of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on whitening has not been well constrained, leading to uncertainties when predicting the direct radiative effect of BrC on climate.

The Neurology and Psychopathology of Pica.

Purpose Of Review: Pica is defined by the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th edition (DSM 5) as the ongoing ingestion of materials with no nutritive or food value. More specifically such ingestions must be unremitting for at least 1 month and occur at a developmentally inconsistent age for such behavior. This article reviews the association of pica with pregnancy, micronutrient deficiencies, psychiatric disorders, dementia, and developmental disorders with emphasis on autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

Reactive uptake of ozone to azo dyes in a coated-wall flow tube.

Azo dyes are the most common colorants in consumer products, including clothing and cosmetics. Some azo dyes and their products from reductive degradation are known to be mutagenic, so dermal exposure to these species has been studied extensively. In contrast, oxidative degradation of azo dyes in consumer products has not been studied so thoroughly.

Children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Analysis of survival and predictors of mortality.

Introduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in children is a procedure that is not exempt of severe complications. Admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is associated with a high mortality rate. Objectives: To analyze survival and predictors of mortality among children who received a HSCT and were admitted to the PICU, and to develop a mortality prediction model in this population.

Antisynthetase Syndrome-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: Monitoring of Immunosuppressive Treatment Effects by Chest Computed Tomography.

Antisynthetase syndrome (ASyS) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory myopathy, arthritis, fever, and interstitial lung disease (ILD). Pulmonary involvement in ASyS significantly increases morbidity and mortality and, therefore, requires prompt and effective immunosuppressive treatment. Owing to the rarity of ASyS, limited data exists on progression and prognosis of ILD under immunosuppression.

Therapeutic Pitfalls in the Transition of Neurologic Patients from Pediatric to Adult Health Care Providers.

Transitions of care from the pediatric to adult setting are fraught with difficulty. For patients whose neurologic problems began in childhood, there is often a lack of organized multidisciplinary care with the desired neurologic expertise in the adult setting. This monograph highlights those difficulties, reviewing disease-specific instances of the problems with transition from pediatric to adult neurologic care.

Emerging investigator series: heterogeneous OH oxidation of primary brown carbon aerosol: effects of relative humidity and volatility.

The climate forcing of light-absorbing organic aerosol, or brown carbon (BrC), emitted from biomass burning may be significant but is currently poorly constrained, in part due to evolution during its residence time in the atmosphere. Here, the effects of ambient relative humidity (RH) and particle volatility on the heterogeneous OH oxidation of primary BrC were investigated in laboratory experiments. Particles were generated from smoldering pine wood, isolated from gaseous emissions, conditioned at 200 °C in a thermal denuder to remove the most volatile particulate organics, and injected into a smog chamber, where they were conditioned at either 15 or 60% RH and exposed to gas phase OH radicals.

Hypotonic and isotonic intravenous maintenance fluids in hospitalised paediatric patients: a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To compare the changes in serum sodium and acid/base status in patients receiving hypotonic and isotonic solutions.

Design: A randomised, controlled and double-blind clinical trial.

Setting: Department of Paediatrics in a tertiary general hospital (Hospital Universitario Austral) in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Measurement of the incidence of care-associated adverse events at the Department of Pediatrics of a teaching hospital.

Introduction: Adverse events may be detected using different screening tools. In the pediatric population, the Pediatric Trigger Tool looks for triggers in the medical record to detect preventable and non-preventable care-associated harm.

Objective: To measure the incidence of adverse events at the Department of Pediatrics using this tool.

[Strategic plan for reduction of hospital stay in renal transplantation].

Since January 2015 we have carried out a multiple-intervention strategic plan to reduce hospital stay in renal transplant recipients. The main objective of this study is to compare results of renal transplantation before and after putting into effect this plan in terms of graft and patient survival, readmissions and incidence of acute rejection during the first year post transplantation. In this retrospective analysis we included all patients 18 years of age or older who were transplanted at our institution.

Performance of the Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 Score in PICUs in Argentina: A Prospective, National Multicenter Study.

Objective: To assess the performance of the Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 score in a population of children admitted to PICUs in Argentina.

Design: Prospective, national, multicenter study.

Setting: Forty-nine PICUs located in Argentina belonging to public and private institutions.

Gluten-free baked foods with extended shelf-life.

The objective of this study was to develop a formulation that can retard staling/retrogradation of cheese breads without compromising their texture and expansion properties. During baking the dough expands and becomes soft, with lower density. Binary mixtures of cassava starch (Native + Oxidized) and with guar gum (Oxidized + Guar Gum) as well as a ternary mixture (Native + Oxidized + Guar Gum) were prepared.

Organic amaranth starch: A study of its technological properties after heat-moisture treatment.

Organic amaranth starch (Amaranthus caudatus) was studied after heat-moisture treatment (HMT) using different moisture contents and different times. The starch extracted by the aqueous method presented low lipid and protein content. After HMT, an increase in the thermal stability was identified.

[Reduction of inappropriate prescriptions and adverse effects to medications in hospitalized elderly patients].

Together, potentially inappropriate prescribing of medications (PIP) and appropriate prescribing omission (APO) constitute a problem that requires multiple interventions to reduce its size and the occurrence of adverse drug events (ADE). This study aims to assess PIP, APO, ADE before and after the intervention of a clinical pharmacist over medical prescriptions for elderly hospitalized patients. In a before-after study, a total of 16 542 prescriptions for 1262 patients were analyzed applying the criteria defined in both STOPP- START (screening tool of older people's prescriptions and screening tool to alert to right treatment).

Rotational Spectroscopy of p-Toluic Acid and Its 1:1 Complex with Water.

The structure and internal dynamics of p-toluic acid and its 1:1 complex with water were investigated in the gas phase using chirped-pulse and cavity-based Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. One conformer and one isomer were identified for the monomer and monohydrate, respectively. In the monohydrate, water acts as both a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor, participating in a six-membered intermolecular ring with the carboxyl group.

Relationship between Coating-Induced Soot Aggregate Restructuring and Primary Particle Number.

The restructuring of monodisperse soot aggregates due to coatings of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was investigated in a series of photo-oxidation chamber experiments. Soot aggregates were generated by one of three sources (an ethylene premixed burner, a methane inverted diffusion burner, or a diesel generator), treated by denuding, size-selected by a differential mobility analyzer, and injected into a smog chamber, where they were exposed to the photo-oxidation products of p-xylene, which partitioned to form SOA coatings. The evolution of aggregates from their initial to final morphologies was investigated in situ by mobility and mass measurements and ex situ by transmission electron microscopy.

American College of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Parameters for Hemodynamic Support of Pediatric and Neonatal Septic Shock.

Objectives: The American College of Critical Care Medicine provided 2002 and 2007 guidelines for hemodynamic support of newborn and pediatric septic shock. Provide the 2014 update of the 2007 American College of Critical Care Medicine "Clinical Guidelines for Hemodynamic Support of Neonates and Children with Septic Shock."

Design: Society of Critical Care Medicine members were identified from general solicitation at Society of Critical Care Medicine Educational and Scientific Symposia (2006-2014).

Hydration of the simplest α-keto acid: a rotational spectroscopic and ab initio study of the pyruvic acid-water complex.

Intermolecular interactions between pyruvic acid, the simplest α-keto acid, and water are important in bio- and atmospheric chemistry. In this context, the pure rotational spectrum of the pyruvic acid-water complex was measured from 7 to 15 GHz using a cavity-based Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. In the detected isomer, water acts as a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor, bridging the acidic hydrogen and the keto oxygen.

[Inappropriate prescription in elderly inpatients].

One of the causes of preventable adverse drug events (EAM) in the older adult population is the inappropriate prescription (PIM), i.e. that prescription where risks outweigh clinical benefits.

Some instrumental methods applied in food chemistry to characterise lactulose and lactobionic acid.

Lactose is obtained as a by-product from whey. It is a source of several derivatives, including lactulose and lactobionic acid. These two compounds were analysed by using the following techniques: thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), differential scanning calorimetry coupled with optical microscope (DSC-thermomicroscopy), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD).

[Prevalence of potentially inappropriate drug prescription in the elderly].

Introduction: One of the causes of preventable adverse drug events (ADES) in older patients constitutes inappropriate prescription of drugs (PIM). The PIM is where risks exceed the clinical benefit. Several instruments can be use to measure this problem, the most used are: a) Beers criteria; b) Screening tool to Older People Potentially inappropriate Prescription (STOPP); c) Screening tool to Alert Doctors to Right Appropriate indicated Treatments (START); d) The Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI).