The Effect of Oral Care Product Ingredients on Oral Pathogenic Bacteria Transcriptomics Through RNA-Seq.

Various ingredients are utilized to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria associated with cavities, gum disease, and bad breath. However, the precise mechanisms by which these ingredients affect the oral microbiome have not been fully understood at the molecular level. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms, a high-throughput bacterial transcriptomics study was conducted, and the gene expression profiles of six common oral bacteria, including two Gram-positive bacteria (, ) and four Gram-negative bacteria (, , , and ), were analyzed.

The effect of an antioxidant gel compared to chlorhexidine during the soft tissue healing process: An animal study.

Background: Prolonged inflammation and oxidative stress can impede healing. To enhance healing efficiency, many solutions have been employed. This is an in vivo study comparing chlorhexidine (CHX) to a commercial antioxidant gel (AO).

High-Resolution Characterization of Enamel Remineralization Using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Electron Microscopy.

Introduction: The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the suitability of high-resolution time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) for visualizing cross-sectional changes in human enamel microstructure and chemical composition during treatment and remineralization cycling of artificially generated caries lesions underneath an artificial plaque.

Methods: Treatments consisted of exposure to twice daily toothpaste/water slurries prepared from 0, 1,100, and 5,000 μg/g fluoride (F) NaF/silica toothpastes. In addition, treatments with slurries prepared from 1,100 μg/g F SnF2/silica toothpastes were done using 44Ca in the remineralization solution to allow for differentiation of newly formed mineral and exploration of incorporated metal dopants using ToF-SIMS.

In vitro safety evaluation of a hydrogen peroxide whitening emulsion technology on human enamel and dentin.

Purpose: To assess effects of a novel hydrogen peroxide leave-on whitening emulsion on surface hardness, fracture susceptibility, surface erosion, and surface morphology of enamel and dentin.

Methods: Human enamel and root dentin sections embedded in resin were leveled and polished for uniformity. A cycling treatment simulating overuse conditions (60 hours over 10 days), coupled with incubation in pooled human saliva at 37°C and two daily toothpaste treatments were used to evaluate the safety of a 3% hydrogen peroxide whitening emulsion treatment (Crest Whitening Emulsions).

Application of non-inferiority testing in microhardness and its relationship to erosion: Relevance for hard tissue safety evaluations.

Purpose: To use non-inferiority statistical testing with simple microhardness measurements (SMH) as a prediction of potential erosive hard tissue damage of topical treatments on enamel.

Methods: Three independent experiments of a simple acid cycling demineralization (ACD) model were used to screen softening effects of various commercial beverages on dental enamel. The cycling model consists of six repeated exposures of enamel slabs with alternating treatments of artificial saliva over the course of 6 hours.

Snoring Remediation with Oral Appliance Therapy Potentially Reverses Cognitive Impairment: An Intervention Controlled Pilot Study.

Respiration rate (RR) dynamics entrains brain neural networks. RR differences between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in response to oral appliance therapy (OAT) are unknown. This pilot study investigated if RR during stable sleep shows a relationship to pathological severity in subjects with MCI and AD who snore and if RR is influenced following stabilization of the upper airway using OAT.

Short-term skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of overexpansion.

Objectives: To evaluate whether the amount of rapid maxillary expansion differentially affects the skeletal and dentoalveolar changes that occur.

Materials And Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 23 patients who had rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Subjects were randomly assigned to a conventional expansion control group (n = 12) or an overexpansion group (n = 11), who started treatment at 13.

Investigation of oral malodor prevention by dentifrices as measured by VSC reduction.

The oral malodor reduction efficacy of dentifrices containing stannous fluoride (SnF) or zinc plus arginine (Zn/Arg) was evaluated using a halimeter to measure volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in two randomized, controlled, single-blind, cross-over pilot clinical trials. Study 1 (= 16) had five 1100 ppm F dentifrices and five treatment periods: negative control (NC): 0.243% sodium fluoride (NaF); SnFA: 0.

Stability of immediately loaded 3 mm long miniscrew implants: a feasibility study.

Introduction: Shorter miniscrew implants (MSIs) are needed to make orthodontics more effective and efficient.

Objective: To evaluate the stability, insertion torque, removal torque and pain associated with 3 mm long MSIs placed in humans by a novice clinician.

Methods: 82 MSIs were placed in the buccal maxillae of 26 adults.

Keys to Class II correction: A comparison of 2 extraction protocols.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2 extraction patterns on incisor and molar movements in patients with growing Class II Division 1.

Methods: The sample included 54 patients 10-17 years of age treated by 2 private practice orthodontists using Tweed directional force mechanics, 4 premolar extractions, J-hook headgears, and Class II elastics or Saif springs. The sample was divided on the basis of having maxillary and mandibular first premolars (4/4) or maxillary first and mandibular second premolars (4/5) extracted.

Randomized Trial of 2 Self-Titrated Oral Appliances for Airway Management.

The effectiveness and predictability of 2 different oral appliance (OA) designs to reduce the respiratory event index (REI) in moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients requires elucidation. The primary aim of the trial was to determine if 2 widely used midline-traction and bilateral-thrust OA designs differ in effectiveness to reduce the REI within a single test population categorized by OSA severity. Moderate and severe adult OSA patients, who were previously prescribed continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP) but were dissatisfied with it ( = 56), were studied by home-polygraphy in a randomized crossover trial using either midline-traction with restricted mouth opening (MR) or bilateral thrust with opening permitted (BP) design OAs.

Mitochondria membrane transformations in colon and prostate cancer and their biological implications.

Mitochondria have emerged as important determinants in cancer progression and malignancy. However, the role of mitochondrial membranes in cancer onset and progression has not been thoroughly investigated. This study compares the structural and functional properties of mitochondrial membranes in prostate and colon cancer cells in comparison to normal mitochondria, and possible therapeutic implications of these membrane changes.

Laboratory screening evaluation of the safety of low pH oral care rinse products to dental enamel.

Purpose: To assess the hard tissue safety of a variety of low pH oral care rinses to dental enamel in a newly developed screening method.

Methods: Bovine enamel specimens were subjected to a cycling model that consisted of commercial mouthrinse product exposures and artificial saliva soaks based on a previously published screening method. The effect of test products on the surface of treated specimens was measured using surface microhardness (SMH).

Is there a relationship between dental crowding and the size of the maxillary or mandibular apical base?

Objective: To determine whether apical base size is related to dental crowding.

Materials And Methods: Digital scans of dental casts were taken of 75 untreated Class I adults to measure maxillary and mandibular tooth size, dental arch perimeters, intermolar widths, and intercanine widths. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were used to measure the apical base of the maxilla and mandible, including the total cross-sectional area, five basal arch perimeters and five basal arch widths.

Fracture Resistance of Additively Manufactured Zirconia Crowns when Cemented to Implant Supported Zirconia Abutments: An in vitro Study.

Purpose: To compare the fracture resistance of implant-supported milled zirconia, milled lithium disilicate, and additively manufactured zirconia crowns.

Materials And Methods: Maxillary cast with a dental implant replacing right second bicuspid was obtained. Custom abutments and full-contour crowns for milled zirconia, milled lithium disilicate, and additively manufactured zirconia crowns (n = 10/group) were digitally designed and fabricated.

Oral health assessment of independent elders in Texas.

Background: The oral health status of older adults in North Texas is largely unknown.

Methods: This cross-sectional, pilot study used the Basic Screening Survey for older adults involving a self-administered questionnaire and oral screening examination of 155 adults aged 65 years and older, in four Dallas, TX settings, stratified socioeconomically. Recruitment occurred from July 2012 through March 2014.

Development of a Screening Method to Establish if pH of Oral Care Products Affects Hard Tissues.

Objectives: To develop a transferable, simple screening method to evaluate the effect of pH of oral care products on oral hard tissues.

Methods: The method reported here is based on the assessment of oral hard surface changes produced by oral care products measured via Vickers Surface Microhardness (SMH). Two variations of this screening test method were developed, one including the use of salivary pellicle and human teeth and a second using bovine substrates with artificial saliva.

Dental radiography-prescribing practices: a nationwide survey of dental hygienists.

Potential harm from ionizing radiation has led to the development of guidelines to protect patients and practitioners from unnecessary radiation exposure; however, these guidelines may or may not be followed in practice. This study surveyed US dental hygienists with regard to radiology policies in the workplace. The survey, consisting of 62 knowledge and practice items regarding use of dental radiography, was based on the 2012 publication by the American Dental Association (ADA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Dental Radiographic Examinations: Recommendations for Patient Selection and Limiting Radiation Exposure.

Creating a Supportive Educational Research Culture at a Dental School by Identifying Obstacles and Solutions.

The aim of this study was to identify the extent of educational research conducted at one U.S. dental school and to assess faculty needs for engaging in it more fully.

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations of the Anticalculus Effect of a Novel Stabilized Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of a novel stannous fluoride dentifrice with zinc citrate on calculus inhibition using both in vitro and clinical models.

Methods: Each investigation tested a novel stabilized 0.454% stannous fluoride dentifrice with zinc citrate as an anticalculus agent (Crest® Pro-Health™ smooth formula) compared to a negative control fluoride dentifrice.

Comparative Antiplaque Effect of Two Antimicrobial Dentifrices: Laboratory and Clinical Evaluations.

Objectives: To compare the effect of a stannous fluoride dentifrice versus a triclosan-containing dentifrice on the reduction of plaque using in vitro and clinical models.

Methods: Both investigations evaluated a novel 0.454% stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice (Crest® Pro-Health™ smooth formula) versus a sodium fluoride/triclosan positive control dentifrice (Colgate® Total®).

A Profilometry-Based Dentifrice Abrasion Method for V8 Brushing Machines Part III: Multi-Laboratory Validation Testing of RDA-PE.

Objectives: We have previously reported on progress toward the refinement of profilometry-based abrasivity testing of dentifrices using a V8 brushing machine and tactile or optical measurement of dentin wear. The general application of this technique may be advanced by demonstration of successful inter-laboratory confirmation of the method. The objective of this study was to explore the capability of different laboratories in the assessment of dentifrice abrasivity using a profilometry-based evaluation technique developed in our Mason laboratories.

Fluoride Uptake Profiles of Selected European Toothpastes into Hard Tissues and Plaque.

Objectives: To compare the fluoridating potential of selected European toothpastes using a combination of enamel, dentin, and plaque in vitromodels.

Methods: Four in vitromodels were included: 1) Enamel Fluoride (F) Uptake (EFU); 2) Dentin F Uptake (DFU); 3) Enamel Solubility Reduction (ESR); and 4) Plaque F Uptake (PFU). A core set of marketed products was included in all studies, plus a standard toothpaste (1100 ppm F as NaF/silica) and placebo control (the PFU study did not include a placebo control).

The Impact of Community Rotations on the Cultural Competence of Dental Hygiene Students in the State of Texas.

Culturally competent health care providers understand cultural attitudes, values, beliefs and practices and are able to use this knowledge to guide patient care. Rising oral health disparities among racial and ethnic minorities require that dental educators emphasize the attainment of cultural competence in order to prepare students to effectively care for patients with backgrounds different from their own. This study investigated the role of community rotations on the cultural competence of second-year Texas dental hygiene students.

Treatment changes of hypo- and hyperdivergent Class II Herbst patients.

Objectives: To determine the relative effects of Herbst appliance therapy in hypo- and hyperdivergent patients.

Materials And Methods: The treated group included 45 growing Class II, division 1, patients treated with stainless steel crown Herbst appliances, followed by fixed edgewise appliances. The untreated control group consisted of 45 Class II, division 1, subjects, matched to the treated sample based on Angle classification, age, sex, and pretreatment mandibular plane angle (MPA).