Putative transcription activator with alternative isoforms encoded by human ZFX gene.

The ZFY gene in the sex-determining region of the human Y chromosome encodes a protein with 13 zinc fingers, and may determine whether an embryo develops as a male or female. ZFX, a related gene on the human X chromosome, may also function in sex determination; it encodes a protein with a very similar zinc-finger domain and escapes X inactivation. ZFY and ZFX diverged from a common ancestral gene before the radiation of placental mammals, and retain a similar genomic organization.

ZFX has a gene structure similar to ZFY, the putative human sex determinant, and escapes X inactivation.

The ZFX gene on the human X chromosome is structurally similar to the ZFY gene, which may constitute the sex-determining signal on the human Y chromosome. ZFY and ZFX diverged from a common ancestral gene, as evidenced by similarities in their intron/exon organization and exon DNA sequences. The carboxy-terminal exons of ZFY and ZFX both encode 13 zinc fingers; 383 of 393 amino acid residues are identical, and there are no insertions or deletions.

Identification of the human papillomavirus type 18 E6 and E6 proteins in nuclear protein fractions from human cervical carcinoma cells grown in the nude mouse or in vitro.

We recently reported the transcription patterns of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 18 sequences in human cervical carcinoma cell lines. The open reading frames (ORFs) E6* and E6 represent the 5'-terminal cistrons in HPV18 mRNAs. ORF E6* was assumed to be specific for HPV types associated with genital carcinomas.

Different human cervical carcinoma cell lines show similar transcription patterns of human papillomavirus type 18 early genes.

Transcription of human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) DNA in the human cervical carcinoma cell lines HeLa, C4-1 and SW756 was studied by nucleotide sequence analysis of HPV18-positive cDNA clones isolated from a HeLa, C4-1 and SW756 cDNA library, respectively, and the cDNA sequences were used to predict the potential encoded proteins. The cDNA clones from all three cell lines were found to be derived from virus-cell fusion transcripts in which 3'-terminal host cell sequences (different for each cell line) were spliced to 5'-terminal exon sequences from the HPV18 E6-E7-E1 region. Three different types of cDNA clones can be distinguished according to the splicing patterns observed in the 5' terminal HPV18 sequences.

Production of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody during the normal immune response. IX. Characteristics of the auto-anti-idiotype antibody and its production.

Using hapten-reversible inhibition of plaque formation as an assay for auto-anti-idiotype antibody (anti-Id) and as a means for following idiotype (Id) expression, we have obtained evidence that following immunization with trinitrophenyl (TNP) conjugates (a) there are differences in Id expression in the anti-TNP antibody response to different TNP conjugates although there is some overlap; (b) different strains, although showing some differences in Id expression, tend to produce cross-reactive Ids, thus no obvious allotype linked inheritance of Id expression is observed in this heterogeneous immune response; (c) the auto-anti-Id produced following immunization with TNP-Brucella abortus or TNP-Ficoll tends to be of the IgG2a and IgG2b isotypes.

[Kidney tolerance of fosfomycin in humans with normal kidney function (author's transl)].

In a study with informed healthy volunteers Fosfomycin and their renal tolerance was under investigation. 6 volunteers received 15 g Fosfomycin on three consecutive days. The activity of the brush border enzyme alanine-aminopeptidase (AAP) in 24-hour urine has been measured.