Sialic acids on B cells are crucial for their survival and provide protection against apoptosis.

Sialic acids (Sias) on the B cell membrane are involved in cell migration, in the control of the complement system and, as sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec) ligands, in the regulation of cellular signaling. We studied the role of sialoglycans on B cells in a mouse model with B cell-specific deletion of cytidine monophosphate sialic acid synthase (CMAS), the enzyme essential for the synthesis of sialoglycans. Surprisingly, these mice showed a severe B cell deficiency in secondary lymphoid organs.

TIMo-A Dataset for Indoor Building Monitoring with a Time-of-Flight Camera.

We present TIMo (ime-of-flight ndoor nitoring), a dataset for video-based monitoring of indoor spaces captured using a time-of-flight (ToF) camera. The resulting depth videos feature people performing a set of different predefined actions, for which we provide detailed annotations. Person detection for people counting and anomaly detection are the two targeted applications.

Concomitant Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty With Bail-Out Use of Eluvia Drug-Eluting Stent: Is There Any Downside to a Double Dose of Paclitaxel?

Objective: The application of 2 distinct and simultaneously applied drug-delivery platforms for the treatment of peripheral artery disease (PAD) has not been studied. This study investigated the outcomes of femoropopliteal disease treated with drug-coated balloon (DCB) followed by placement of drug-eluting stent (DES) when a bail-out procedure is required.

Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study enrolling 22 consecutive patients (23 limbs) treated with DCB + DES.

Structured, Harmonized, and Interoperable Integration of Clinical Routine Data to Compute Heart Failure Risk Scores.

Risk prediction in patients with heart failure (HF) is essential to improve the tailoring of preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies for the individual patient, and effectively use health care resources. Risk scores derived from controlled clinical studies can be used to calculate the risk of mortality and HF hospitalizations. However, these scores are poorly implemented into routine care, predominantly because their calculation requires considerable efforts in practice and necessary data often are not available in an interoperable format.

Generating Bioactive Natural Product-inspired Molecules with Machine Intelligence.

The computer-assisted design of new chemical entities has made a leap forward with the development of machine learning models for automated molecule generation. The overarching goal of this conceptual approach is to augment the creativity of medicinal chemists with a machine intelligence. In this Perspective we highlight prospective applications of "de novo" drug design and target prediction, aiming to generate natural product-inspired bioactive compounds from scratch.

ASHP National Survey of Pharmacy Practice in Hospital Settings: Clinical services and workforce-2021.

Purpose: Results of the 2021 ASHP National Survey of Pharmacy Practice in Hospital Settings are presented.

Methods: Pharmacy directors at 1,498 general and children's medical/surgical hospitals in the United States were surveyed using a mixed-mode method of contact by email and mail. Survey completion was online.

Modeling and Comparing Brain Processes in Message and Earned Source Credibility Evaluation.

Understanding how humans evaluate credibility is an important scientific question in the era of fake news. Source credibility is among the most important aspects of credibility evaluations. One of the most direct ways to understand source credibility is to use measurements of brain activity of humans who make credibility evaluations.

Neuromorphological and Neurofunctional Correlates of ADHD and ADD in the Auditory Cortex of Adults.

Attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorder (AD(H)D) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children with up to 60% probability of prevailing into adulthood. AD(H)D has far-fetching negative impacts on various areas of life. Until today, no observer-independent diagnostic biomarker is available for AD(H)D, however recent research found evidence that AD(H)D is reflected in auditory dysfunctions.

In Vivo Syndesmotic Motion After Rigid and Flexible Fixation Using 4-Dimensional Computerized Tomography.

Introduction: Maintaining reduction after syndesmotic injury is crucial to patient function; however, malreduction remains common. Flexible suture button fixation may allow more physiologic motion of the syndesmosis compared with rigid screw fixation. Conventional syndesmotic imaging fails to account for physiologic syndesmotic motion with ankle range of motion (ROM), providing misleading results.

Chorioretinitis in a Post-chemotherapy Immunocompromised 9-Year-Old Child.

Purpose: To describe the management of bilateral chorioretinitis with in a post-chemotherapy immunocompromised young patient.

Method: A retrospective case report.

Result: A 9-year-old boy treated with chemotherapy for type 2 acute myeloid leukaemia was diagnosed with (formerly called ) fungaemia.

Surface Properties of Ionic Liquids: A Mass Spectrometric View Based on Soft Cluster-Induced Desorption.

Desorption/ionization induced by neutral clusters (DINeC) in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) was used for the investigation of the molecular composition of the surface of ionic liquids (IL). Based on the surface sensitivity of DINeC-MS, accumulation of either cations or anions was discriminated on the surface of bulk IL depending on the molecular structure of the IL components. In particular, cations with long alkyl chains aggregate on the surface, but this tendency is more reduced the larger the respective anion is; in the case of larger anions and smaller cations, it can be even reversed.

Identification of novel off targets of baricitinib and tofacitinib by machine learning with a focus on thrombosis and viral infection.

As there are no clear on-target mechanisms that explain the increased risk for thrombosis and viral infection or reactivation associated with JAK inhibitors, the observed elevated risk may be a result of an off-target effect. Computational approaches combined with in vitro studies can be used to predict and validate the potential for an approved drug to interact with additional (often unwanted) targets and identify potential safety-related concerns. Potential off-targets of the JAK inhibitors baricitinib and tofacitinib were identified using two established machine learning approaches based on ligand similarity.

The effect of TGF-β polymorphisms on pulmonary disease progression in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Background: Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) is a genetic modifier in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TGF-β are associated with neutrophilic inflammation, lung fibrosis and loss of pulmonary function.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between genetic TGF-β polymorphisms and pulmonary disease progression in CF patients.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: why do adolescents and young adults outcomes differ from those of children? A retrospective study on behalf of the Francophone Society of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC).

Purpose: In the acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) landscape, adolescents and young adults (AYA) often present high-risk diseases and increased chemotherapy-related toxicity. Studies analyzing the outcomes of AYA after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are scarce. Our study aimed to compare the outcomes of children and AYA with ALL after HSCT and to determine the factors influencing potential differences.

Hypoxic, glycolytic metabolism is a vulnerability of B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia-initiating cells.

High-risk forms of B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) remain a therapeutic challenge. Leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) self-renew and spark relapse and therefore have been the subject of intensive investigation; however, the properties of LICs in high-risk B-ALL are not well understood. Here, we use single-cell transcriptomics and quantitative xenotransplantation to understand LICs in MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) B-ALL.

Automated assessment of mandibular shape asymmetry in 3-dimensions.

Introduction: This study aimed to develop an automatic pipeline for analyzing mandibular shape asymmetry in 3-dimensions.

Methods: Forty patients with skeletal Class I pattern and 80 patients with skeletal Class III pattern were used. The mandible was automatically segmented from the cone-beam computed tomography images using a U-net deep learning network.

Comparison of dimensional accuracy between direct-printed and thermoformed aligners.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the dimensional accuracy between thermoformed and direct-printed aligners.

Methods: Three types of aligners were manufactured from the same reference standard tessellation language (STL) file: thermoformed aligners were manufactured using Zendura FLX (n = 12) and Essix ACE (n = 12), and direct-printed aligners were printed using Tera Harz TC-85DAP 3D Printer UV Resin (n = 12). The teeth were not manipulated with any tooth-moving software in this study.

Cluster-Induced Desorption/Ionization of Polystyrene: Desorption Mechanism and Effect of Polymer Chain Length on Desorption Probability.

Soft cluster-induced desorption/ionization of polystyrene oligomers was investigated with respect to application in mass spectrometry. Clear peak progressions corresponding to intact polystyrene molecules were observed in the mass spectra, and no fragmentation was detected; efficient desorption was deduced from quartz crystal microbalance measurements. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the process revealed that even in the case of the nonpolar polystyrene molecules cluster-induced desorption proceeds via dissolvation in the polar clusters.

Intraspecific Diversity in Aquatic Ecosystems: Comparison between and in Natural Populations of Duckweed.

Samples of two duckweed species, and , were collected around small ponds and investigated concerning the question of whether natural populations of duckweeds constitute a single clone, or whether clonal diversity exists. Amplified fragment length polymorphism was used as a molecular method to distinguish clones of the same species. Possible intraspecific diversity was evaluated by average-linkage clustering.

Musicianship-Related Structural and Functional Cortical Features Are Preserved in Elderly Musicians.

Background: Professional musicians are a model population for exploring basic auditory function, sensorimotor and multisensory integration, and training-induced neuroplasticity. The brain of musicians exhibits distinct structural and functional cortical features; however, little is known about how these features evolve during aging. This multiparametric study aimed to examine the functional and structural neural correlates of lifelong musical practice in elderly professional musicians.

One-year outcomes after transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) in the ROADSTER 2 trial.

Objectives: Transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) is a carotid stenting technique that utilizes reversal of cerebral arterial flow to confer cerebral protection. Although carotid endarterectomy (CEA) remains the standard for treatment of symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis, the search for the optimal minimally invasive option for the high-risk surgical patient continues. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the 1-year safety and efficacy of TCAR in a prospective clinical trial.

Ligand-independent oligomerization of TACI is controlled by the transmembrane domain and regulates proliferation of activated B cells.

In mature B cells, TACI controls class-switch recombination and differentiation into plasma cells during T cell-independent antibody responses. TACI binds the ligands BAFF and APRIL. Approximately 10% of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) carry TACI mutations, of which A181E and C172Y are in the transmembrane domain.