[Snakebite in Switzerland - a potentially life-threatening event?].

A 39-year-old healthy patient accidentally stepped barefoot on an adder and was then bitten into the foot. After initially only local complaints, severe systemic symptoms developed within 10-15 minutes with swelling of the lips and soft palate, recurrent vomiting, bradycardia, weakly palpable peripheral pulse, hypotension, dyspnea and intermittent somnolence. The potentially life-threatening consequences of this severe poisoning could be avoided by using adequate emergency measures and immediate intravenous administration of antivenin.

A Colonic Organoid Model Challenged with the Large Toxins of TcdA and TcdB Exhibit Deregulated Tight Junction Proteins.

Background: toxins TcdA and TcdB are responsible for diarrhea and colitis. Lack of functional studies in organoid models of the gut prompted us to elucidate the toxin's effects on epithelial barrier function and the molecular mechanisms for diarrhea and inflammation.

Methods: Human adult colon organoids were cultured on membrane inserts.

The Potential of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as Complementary Medicine for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Complementary and alternative medicine has the potential to enrich conventional therapy to improve the treatment of various diseases. Patients that suffer from inflammatory bowel disease, which requires a constant need for medication, have to deal with the adverse effects of repeated application. Natural products such as Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) possess the potential to improve symptoms of inflammatory diseases.

Liquid biopsy and glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor. Despite a century of research efforts, the survival of patients has not significantly improved. Currently, diagnosis is based on neuroimaging techniques followed by histopathological and molecular analysis of resected or biopsied tissue.

Medulloblastoma: From TP53 Mutations to Molecular Classification and Liquid Biopsy.

A recent paradigm shift in the diagnostics of medulloblastoma allowed the distinction of four major groups defined by genetic data rather than histology. This new molecular classification correlates better with prognosis and will allow for the better clinical management of therapies targeting druggable mutations, but also offer a new combination of monitoring tumor development in real-time and treatment response by sequential liquid biopsy. This review highlights recent developments after a century of milestones in neurosurgery and radio- and chemotherapy, but also controversial theories on the cell of origin, animal models, and the use of liquid biopsy.

CDT of Induces MLC-Dependent Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in HT-29/B6 Epithelial Cell Monolayers.

Background: Clostridioides difficile binary toxin (CDT) defines the hypervirulence of strains in nosocomial antibiotic-induced colitis with the highest mortality. The objective of our study was to investigate the impact of CDT on the intestinal epithelial barrier and to enlighten the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: Functional measurements of epithelial barrier function by macromolecular permeability and electrophysiology were performed in human intestinal HT-29/B6 cell monolayers.

Liquid biopsy for monitoring medulloblastoma.

Despite recent progress in molecular diagnostics defining four distinct medulloblastoma groups, the clinical management of these malignant childhood tumors of the cerebellum remains challenging. After surgical removal of the tumor, both cytotoxic chemotherapy and irradiation can offer additional curative benefits, but they also include a significant risk of long-term damage. Early molecular profiling aims to predict the outcome of such aggressive therapies.

Cell-free DNA as a biomarker in cancer.

Translational research of liquid biopsy is just at the edge of routine clinical application: an emerging validity of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) tests suggests its use for earlier cancer detection and better monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) and resistance development, thus offering earlier guidance for therapy choices with the intent to cure cancer. In this review, we focus on ctDNA as an advanced and standardized validated marker in liquid biopsy. We also discuss what will be needed to reach the new milestone of personalized (precision) medicine to be used as a common standard of care.

Human duodenal organoid-derived monolayers serve as a suitable barrier model for duodenal tissue.

Usually, duodenal barriers are investigated using intestinal cell lines like Caco-2, which in contrast to native tissue are limited in cell-type representation. Organoids can consist of all intestinal cell types and are supposed to better reflect the in vivo situation. Growing three-dimensionally, with the apical side facing the lumen, application of typical physiological techniques to analyze the barrier is difficult.

[CME: Candiduria and Candida Infections of the Urinary Tract].

CME: Candiduria and Candida Infections of the Urinary Tract Candiduria is common in hospitalized patients and is generally benign. Invasive infection of the kidney is unusual and is difficult to treat. The vast majority of fungal infections of the kidneys and bladder result from Candida albicans and other Candida species.

Liquid Biopsy and Primary Brain Tumors.

Two decades of "promising results" in liquid biopsy have led to both continuing disappointment and hope that the new era of minimally invasive, personalized analysis can be applied for better diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, and therapy of cancer. Here, we briefly highlight the promises, developments, and challenges related to liquid biopsy of brain tumors, including circulating tumor cells, cell-free nucleic acids, extracellular vesicles, and miRNA; we further discuss the urgent need to establish suitable biomarkers and the right standards to improve modern clinical management of brain tumor patients with the use of liquid biopsy.

Alpha-Hemolysin HlyA Induces Host Cell Polarity Changes, Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction and Cell Detachment in Human Colon Carcinoma Caco-2 Cell Model via PTEN-Dependent Dysregulation of Cell Junctions.

() of the B2 phylotype reside in human and animal intestines. The bacteria possess pathogenicity factors such as α-hemolysin (HlyA) that can induce intestinal epithelial leaks. We addressed the questions which host cell processes were dysregulated by HlyA that can potentiate intestinal diseases.

Negligible impact of highly patient-specific decision support for potassium-increasing drug-drug interactions - a cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Background And Objective: Clinical decision support (CDS) might improve management of potassium-increasing drug-drug interactions (DDI). We studied CDS with five features intended to increase effectiveness: (i) focus on serious DDIs, (ii) fewer notifications, (iii) presentation of current laboratory results, (iv) timing (when adverse event becomes likelier), (v) removal of notification when appropriate.

Methods: We conducted a 1-year, hospital-wide, cluster-randomised controlled trial in the inpatient setting at a large tertiary-care academic medical centre.

[A Slightly Different Gastroenteritis].

A Slightly Different Gastroenteritis Abstract. We report the case of a 81-year-old female presenting with gastroenteritic symptoms and laboratory findings of a hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure with fatal outcome. A hemolytic-uremic syndrome caused by an infection with EHEC was diagnosed.

[CME: Fusobacterium nucleatum/naviforme - a Rare but Serious Cause for Pyogenic Liver Abscesses].

CME: Fusobacterium nucleatum/naviforme - a Rare but Serious Cause for Pyogenic Liver Abscesses Abstract. Pyogenic liver abscesses belong to the most common abdominal infections. Beside the most common pathogens, also rare forms like Fusobacteria, which can also be part of the natural oropharyngeal and enteral microbiome, may be considered to cause severe forms of abscesses of the liver.

Diet changes alter paternally inherited epigenetic pattern in male Wild guinea pigs.

Epigenetic modifications, of which DNA methylation is the most stable, are a mechanism conveying environmental information to subsequent generations via parental germ lines. The paternal contribution to adaptive processes in the offspring might be crucial, but has been widely neglected in comparison to the maternal one. To address the paternal impact on the offspring's adaptability to changes in diet composition, we investigated if low protein diet (LPD) in F0 males caused epigenetic alterations in their subsequently sired sons.