Rational choices elicit stronger sense of agency in brain and behavior.

The sense of agency is the subjective feeling of control over one's own actions and the associated outcomes. Here, we asked whether and to what extent the reasons behind our choices (operationalized by value differences, expected utility, and counterfactual option sets) drive our sense of agency. We simultaneously tested these three dimensions during a novel value-based decision-making task while recording explicit (self-reported) and implicit (brain signals) measures of agency.

Joint action partners modulate the first step of an action sequence to communicate a distal goal.

When two co-actors perform a joint action, they often communicatively modulate their instrumental actions so as to facilitate each other's predictions of their immediate, proximal goals. Here, we ask whether co-actors would also engage in such "sensorimotor communication" for distal goals, specifically those that result from a two-step action sequence. To address this question, we asked pairs of participants to work together to deliver an animated box to one of two delivery locations displayed on a computer screen.

Prevalence and risk factors of antibiotic resistance for urinary tract infections in patients presenting to a Belgian tertiary care emergency department: testing the national guidelines against the local setting.

Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are an important cause of empiric antibiotic (over)treatment at the emergency department (ED). To enhance empiric antibiotic choices, mapping the national and local microbiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns is crucial. This study aims to examine resistance patterns at a Brussels ED and to identify risk factors for AMR to evaluate current treatment guidelines and help combat AMR.

Epigenome-wide mediation analysis of the relationship between psychosocial stress and cardiometabolic risk factors in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS).

Background: Exposure to psychosocial stress is linked to a variety of negative health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease and its cardiometabolic risk factors. DNA methylation has been associated with both psychosocial stress and cardiometabolic disease; however, little is known about the mediating role of DNA methylation on the association between stress and cardiometabolic risk. Thus, using the high-dimensional mediation testing method, we conducted an epigenome-wide mediation analysis of the relationship between psychosocial stress and ten cardiometabolic risk factors in a multi-racial/ethnic population of older adults (n = 2668) from the Health and Retirement Study (mean age = 70.

Early-Life Economic Conditions and Old-Age Male Mortality: Evidence from Historical County-Level Bank Deposit Data.

This paper studies the long-run mortality effects of in-utero and early-life economic conditions. We examine how local economic conditions experienced during the Great Depression, proxied by county-level banking deposits during in-utero and first years of life, influence old-age longevity. We find that a one-standard-deviation rise in per capita bank deposits is associated with an approximately 1.

Power-to-vitamins: producing folate (vitamin B) from renewable electric power and CO with a microbial protein system.

We recently proposed a two-stage Power-to-Protein technology to produce microbial protein from renewable electric power and CO. Two stages were operated in series: Clostridium ljungdahlii in Stage A to reduce CO with H into acetate, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Stage B to utilize O and produce microbial protein from acetate. Renewable energy can be used to power water electrolysis to produce H and O.

Isostructural Series of a Cyclometalated Iron Complex in Three Oxidation States.

An isostructural series of Fe, Fe, and Fe complexes [Fe(ImP)] utilizing the ImP 1,1'-(1,3-phenylene)bis(3-methyl-1-imidazol-2-ylidene) ligand, combining -heterocyclic carbenes and cyclometalating functions, is presented. The strong donor motif stabilizes the high-valent Fe oxidation state yet keeps the Fe oxidation state accessible from the parent Fe compound. Chemical oxidation of [Fe(ImP)] yields stable [Fe(ImP)].

Ultrafast Two-Color X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy Reveals Excited State Landscape in a Base Metal Dyad.

Effective photoinduced charge transfer makes molecular bimetallic assemblies attractive for applications as active light-induced proton reduction systems. Developing competitive base metal dyads is mandatory for a more sustainable future. However, the electron transfer mechanisms from the photosensitizer to the proton reduction catalyst in base metal dyads remain so far unexplored.

Cutaneous tissue samples show significant shrinkage during histopathological work-up: a real-world study.

Background: Excision and histological examination of cutaneous neoplasms are very common diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in dermatological practice. There are often discrepancies between tissue seize in vivo and after histopathological work-up. This may raise questions according to tumor sizes or safety margins.

A new pseudosuchian from the Favret Formation of Nevada reveals that archosauriforms occupied coastal regions globally during the Middle Triassic.

Recent studies suggest that both stem- and crown-group Archosauria encompassed high ecological diversity during their initial Triassic radiation. We describe a new pseudosuchian archosaur, gen. et sp.

Communicative modulations of early action components support the prediction of distal goals.

The successful unfolding of many social interactions relies on our capacity to predict other people's action goals, whether these are proximal (i.e., immediate) or distal (i.

The rise of pelagic sharks and adaptive evolution of pectoral fin morphology during the Cretaceous.

The emergence and subsequent evolution of pectoral fins is a key point in vertebrate evolution, as pectoral fins are dominant control surfaces for locomotion in extant fishes. However, major gaps remain in our understanding of the diversity and evolution of pectoral fins among cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes), a group with an evolutionary history spanning over 400 million years with current selachians (modern sharks) appearing about 200 million years ago. Modern sharks are a charismatic group of vertebrates often thought to be predators roaming the open ocean and coastal areas, but most extant species occupy the seafloor.

Accelerated biological aging six decades after prenatal famine exposure.

To test the hypothesis that early-life adversity accelerates the pace of biological aging, we analyzed data from the Dutch Hunger Winter Families Study (DHWFS, N = 951). DHWFS is a natural-experiment birth-cohort study of survivors of in-utero exposure to famine conditions caused by the German occupation of the Western Netherlands in Winter 1944 to 1945, matched controls, and their siblings. We conducted DNA methylation analysis of blood samples collected when the survivors were aged 58 to quantify biological aging using the DunedinPACE, GrimAge, and PhenoAge epigenetic clocks.

The value of biomarkers in the therapy of CRSwNP with biologicals-a long-term follow-up of dupilumab therapy.

Purpose: Since its release, Dupilumab has shown great results in treating severe uncontrolled CRSwNP. However, there is a lack of real-world data beyond 12 months of follow-up, and it is not clear to what extent biomarkers are appropriate for monitoring and predicting the Dupilumab therapy success. Hence, this study aims to analyze biomarkers for monitoring therapy, predicting therapy success and assess the effect of Dupilumab in real-world settings.

A bonus task boosts people's willingness to offload cognition to an algorithm.

With the increased sophistication of technology, humans have the possibility to offload a variety of tasks to algorithms. Here, we investigated whether the extent to which people are willing to offload an attentionally demanding task to an algorithm is modulated by the availability of a bonus task and by the knowledge about the algorithm's capacity. Participants performed a multiple object tracking (MOT) task which required them to visually track targets on a screen.

Epigenome-wide association study of long-term psychosocial stress in older adults.

Long-term psychosocial stress is strongly associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes, as well as adverse health behaviours; however, little is known about the role that stress plays on the epigenome. One proposed mechanism by which stress affects DNA methylation is through health behaviours. We conducted an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of cumulative psychosocial stress ( = 2,689) from the Health and Retirement Study (mean age = 70.

Evaluation of a microscale quantitative suspension test to determine the bactericidal and yeasticidal activity of glutaral - one step to improve sustainability in disinfectant testing.

Aims: To evaluate a newly developed microscale quantitative suspension test compared to the existing standard suspension test using determination of the bactericidal and yeasticidal activity of glutaral as one step to improve the sustainability of disinfectant testing.

Methods: The testing principles of the quantitative suspension test according to VAH method 9 (comparable to EN 13727) was used as a standard suspension test using 8.0 mL product test solution, 1.

[Endoscopic endonasal anterior skull base surgery : Presentation of a monocentric entity profile].

Background: Extended endoscopic endonasal surgery (EEES) is an essential part of treatment of various pathologies of the anterior skull base. In addition to significant improvements in the quality of life of affected patients and a lower complication profile compared to open skull base surgery, the therapeutic results are comparable if the indications are correct.

Materials And Methods: Data of all endoscopic endonasal skull base procedures performed at the University Skull Base Center Hamburg under the direction of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology between June 2018 and November 2022 were retrospectively collected.

[How much digitization do ENT curricula need? : Opportunities and limits from the perspective of students and teachers].

Background: Digitalization has long been an integral part of students' everyday lives and increasingly also of their medical training. It seems to be an unwritten law that "digital natives" want as much digitalization as possible. This study aims to shed more light on how students in the clinical phase of medical studies perceive the increasing digitalization of teaching and what they need for good education.

Fatigue as a key factor for testing knee stability with single leg drop landing for injury prevention and return to play tests.

Objectives: Fatigue can decrease knee stability and increase the injury risk. However, fatigue is rarely being applied throughout movement analysis. The aim of this study was to investigate if the knee stability throughout SLDLs differ between cyclic and acyclic sports, before and after fatigue in general, and between the dominant and non-dominant leg of soccer players.

Robust Avoidance of Edge-Localized Modes alongside Gradient Formation in the Negative Triangularity Tokamak Edge.

In a series of high performance diverted discharges on DIII-D, we demonstrate that strong negative triangularity (NT) shaping robustly suppresses all edge-localized mode (ELM) activity over a wide range of plasma conditions: ⟨n⟩=0.1-1.5×10^{20}  m^{-3}, P_{aux}=0-15  MW, and |B_{t}|=1-2.

Assessing the Biological Mechanisms Linking Smoking Behavior and Cognitive Function: A Mediation Analysis of Untargeted Metabolomics.

(1) Smoking is the most significant preventable health hazard in the modern world. It increases the risk of vascular problems, which are also risk factors for dementia. In addition, toxins in cigarettes increase oxidative stress and inflammation, which have both been linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).

Accelerated biological aging six decades after prenatal famine exposure.

To test the hypothesis that early-life adversity accelerates the pace of biological aging, we analyzed data from the Dutch Hunger Winter Families Study (DHWFS, N=951). DHWFS is a natural-experiment birth-cohort study of survivors of in-utero exposure to famine conditions caused by the German occupation of the Western Netherlands in Winter 1944-5, matched controls, and their siblings. We conducted DNA methylation analysis of blood samples collected when the survivors were aged 58 to quantify biological aging using the DunedinPACE, GrimAge, and PhenoAge epigenetic clocks.