[Mechanisms of action of antidepressive pharmacotherapy: brain and mind-body and environment].

Background: Novel antidepressive substances are challenging the explanations for the mechanisms of action of traditional psychopharmacology.

Objective: What could be the shared effects of various antidepressants and in this context what role do extrapharmacological factors, such as the body and environment, play?

Material And Method: The available literature on clinical and preclinical data for assumed combined active factors of serotonergic psychedelic drugs, (es)ketamine, monoaminergic antidepressants and zuranolone are presented and the influence of context factors on the individual mechanisms of action is discussed.

Results: There are many indications that classical and novel pharmacological approaches could share similar mechanisms of action in the treatment of depression.

Metabolomic Analysis and Computational Biology Reveal the Potential Metabolic Pathways for Improvement of Fucoxanthin and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Biosynthesis in Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

This work aims to provide a basis for the enhancement of fucoxanthin (FCX) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) biosynthesis in the microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum using metabolomics and computational biology. To achieve this, both targeted (UHPLC and GC-FID) and untargeted (FTIR and NMR) analyses were conducted throughout various stages of cell cultivation. Targeted analyses revealed that EPA concentrations peaked at the end of the logarithmic growth phase, while fucoxanthin levels remained consistent from the onset of this phase through to the stationary phase.

Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Restrictions: Follow-Up on Changes Within Canadian Academic and Fieldwork Curricula.

COVID-19 pandemic restrictions necessitated curricular modifications in Canadian occupational therapy education. Documentation and reflection on temporary or permanent curriculum modifications and their perceived impact on student learning and outcomes is critical. To explore and compare reported curricula changes (academic and fieldwork) during restricted and post-restricted delivery periods together with the perceived impact on learners.

Functional resting state connectivity is differentially associated with IL-6 and TNF-α in depression and in healthy controls.

Inflammatory processes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. In human studies, inflammation has been shown to act as a critical disease modifier, promoting susceptibility to depression and modulating specific endophenotypes of depression. However, there is scant documentation of how inflammatory processes are associated with neural activity in patients with depression.

DNA Damage and Inflammatory Response of p53 Null H358 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to X-Ray Exposure Under Chronic Hypoxia.

Hypoxia-induced radioresistance limits therapeutic success in cancer. In addition, p53 mutations are widespread in tumors including non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), and they might modify the radiation response of hypoxic tumor cells. We therefore analyzed the DNA damage and inflammatory response in chronically hypoxic (1% O, 48 h) p53 null H358 NSCLC cells after X-ray exposure.

The prognostic value of single and repeated ≥10% FEV declines for chronic lung allograft dysfunction.

There is a paucity of data reporting the positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) of acute declines in lung function on chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). We sought to define the predictive ability of single or repeated forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV) declines for at least 3 weeks on the development of CLAD or death by 1-year. We analyzed 340 subjects with at least 3 years of follow-up data from two lung transplant centers.

The bioactive potential of cheese whey peptides from different animal origins (bovine, goat, sheep, buffalo, and camel): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to compile information on the bioactive potential of peptides derived from cheese whey from various animal sources, including cattle, sheep, goats, buffaloes, and camels. The systematic search yielded 955 results, with the primary reasons for exclusion being studies that did not utilize cheese whey as a product or did not assess key bioactivities such as antioxidant, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, and anti-aging effects. Ultimately, 36 articles met the inclusion criteria.

Trophoblast proliferation is higher in female than in male preeclamptic placentas.

Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder with inflammatory complications. There are no known placental histopathological features, which are unique to PE. It is often pooled with the fetal growth restriction (FGR) under a single umbrella pathophysiology, the maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM).

Detection of breast cancer using machine learning on time-series diffuse optical transillumination data.

Significance: Optical mammography as a promising tool for cancer diagnosis has largely fallen behind expectations. Modern machine learning (ML) methods offer ways to improve cancer detection in diffuse optical transmission data.

Aim: We aim to quantitatively evaluate the classification of cancer-positive versus cancer-negative patients using ML methods on raw transmission time series data from bilateral breast scans during subjects' rest.

Natural biomaterials in the management of the aortic valve pathology. Biomedical and clinical aspects: A review.

Heart valve diseases are a prevalent cardiovascular pathology worldwide, affecting nearly 2.5% of the population. Degenerative aortic stenosis is the most common form of heart valve disease.

Encapsulation of Saccharomyces spp. for Use as Probiotic in Food and Feed: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Probiotics, particularly yeasts from the genus Saccharomyces, are valuable for their health benefits and potential as antibiotic alternatives. To be effective, these microorganisms must withstand harsh environmental conditions, necessitating advanced protective technologies such as encapsulation to maintain probiotic viability during processing, storage, and passage through the digestive system. This review and meta-analysis aims to describe and compare methods and agents used for encapsulating Saccharomyces spp.

Sex differences in spontaneous respiratory recovery following chronic C2 hemisection.

Respiratory deficits after C2 hemisection (C2Hx) have been well documented through single-sex investigations. Although ovarian sex hormones enable enhanced respiratory recovery observed in females 2 wk post-C2Hx, it remains unknown if sex impacts spontaneous respiratory recovery at chronic time points. We conducted a longitudinal study to provide a comprehensive sex-based characterization of respiratory neuromuscular recovery for 8 wk after C2Hx.

Intan Technologies integrated circuits can produce analog-to-digital conversion artifacts that affect neural signal acquisition.

Intan Technologies' integrated circuits (ICs) are valuable tools for neurophysiological data acquisition, providing signal amplification, filtering, and digitization from many channels (up to 64 channels/chip) at high sampling rates (up to 30 kSPS) within a compact package (⩽9× 7 mm). However, we found that the analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) in the Intan RHD2000 series ICs can produce artifacts in recorded signals. Here, we examine the effects of these ADC artifacts on neural signal quality and describe a method to detect them in recorded data.

NF-κB in the Radiation Response of A549 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to X-rays and Carbon Ions under Hypoxia.

Cellular hypoxia, detectable in up to 80% of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) tumors, is a known cause of radioresistance. High linear energy transfer (LET) particle radiation might be effective in the treatment of hypoxic solid tumors, including NSCLC. Cellular hypoxia can activate nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which can modulate radioresistance by influencing cancer cell survival.

Developing a Diabetes Discharge Order Set for Patients With Diabetes on Insulin.

Background: Insulin, a high-risk medication, is prone to prescribing errors. Patients with diabetes experience higher hospitalization rates and extended hospital stays. Prescription errors, such as missing orders, inappropriate insulin type, missing instructions, and lack of appropriate intensification of insulin regimens are common issues.

Gene-dosage- and sex-dependent differences in the prodromal-Like phase of the F344tgHD rat model for Huntington disease.

In Huntington disease (HD) the prodromal phase has been increasingly investigated and is currently in focus for early interventional treatments. Also, the influence of sex on disease progression and severity in patients is under discussion, as a sex-specific impact has been reported in transgenic rodent models for HD. To this end, we have been studying these aspects in Sprague Dawley rats transgenic for HD.

CAG repeat expansions create splicing acceptor sites and produce aberrant repeat-containing RNAs.

Expansions of CAG trinucleotide repeats cause several rare neurodegenerative diseases. The disease-causing repeats are translated in multiple reading frames and without an identifiable initiation codon. The molecular mechanism of this repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation is not known.

Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of an Oral Small Molecule Inhibitor of IL-17A (LY3509754): A Phase I Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study.

For some patients with psoriasis, orally administered small molecule inhibitors of interleukin (IL)-17A may represent a convenient alternative to IL-17A-targeting monoclonal antibodies. This first-in-human study assessed the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PKs), and peripherally circulating IL-17A target engagement profile of single or multiple oral doses of the small molecule IL-17A inhibitor LY3509754 (NCT04586920). Healthy participants were randomly assigned to receive LY3509754 or placebo in sequential escalating single ascending dose (SAD; dose range 10-2,000 mg) or multiple ascending dose (MAD; dose range 100-1,000 mg daily for 14 days) cohorts.

Interparental conflict dimensions and children's psychological problems: Emotion recognition as a mediator.

This study tested children's emotion recognition as a mediator of associations between their exposure to hostile and cooperative interparental conflict and their internalizing and externalizing symptoms. From 2018 to 2022, 238 mothers, their partners, and preschool children (M = 4.38, 52% female; 68% White; 18% Black; 14% Multiracial or another race; and 16% Latinx) participated in three annual measurement occasions.

Hypoxia Modulates Radiosensitivity and Response to Different Radiation Qualities in A549 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Cells.

Hypoxia-induced radioresistance reduces the efficacy of radiotherapy for solid malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cellular hypoxia can confer radioresistance through cellular and tumor micro-environment adaptations. Until recently, studies evaluating radioresistance secondary to hypoxia were designed to maintain cellular hypoxia only before and during irradiation, while any handling of post-irradiated cells was carried out in standard oxic conditions due to the unavailability of hypoxia workstations.

Psilocybin-induced default mode network hypoconnectivity is blunted in alcohol-dependent rats.

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) adversely affects the lives of millions of people, but still lacks effective treatment options. Recent advancements in psychedelic research suggest psilocybin to be potentially efficacious for AUD. However, major knowledge gaps remain regarding (1) psilocybin's general mode of action and (2) AUD-specific alterations of responsivity to psilocybin treatment in the brain that are crucial for treatment development.