Silicone Loss During Histological Preparation of Breast Implant Tissue From Capsular Contracture, Quantified by Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy.

Breast augmentations, commonly performed for aesthetic or medical reasons, often use silicone (polydimethylsiloxane [PDMS]) implants. Some patients develop complications like capsular contracture, where scar tissue forms around the implant. Previously, we used stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy to detect and quantify silicone in stained capsule tissue, finding a correlation between silicone amount and contracture severity.

Centering autonomy and choice to support oral PrEP utilization among people who inject drugs: qualitative lessons from HPTN 094 INTEGRA.

Background: Oral Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective in preventing HIV transmission. However, despite high rates of HIV risk behaviors among people who inject drugs (PWID), this population remains underserved by current HIV prevention efforts in the United States. To address this challenge, we conducted an in-depth exploration of perspectives on using oral PrEP among PWID engaged in the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 094 INTEGRA Study.

Professionally and non-professionally applied household insecticides during pregnancy and early life and their associations with autism spectrum disorder and developmental delay in the CHARGE case-control study.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an increasing concern globally, with risks attributed to both genetic and environmental factors, including pesticide exposures. The CHARGE case-control study collected data to examine the relationship between household insecticide use and ASD or developmental delay (DD).

Methods: Participants (n = 1526) aged 2-5 years from the CHARGE study encompassed children with clinically confirmed ASD (n = 810), DD (n = 186), and typically developing controls (n = 530) frequency matched to ASD children by age, sex, and geographic region.

Perspectives on Diversion of Medications From Safer Opioid Supply Programs.

Importance: Safer supply programs were implemented in Canada to provide pharmaceutical-grade alternatives to the toxic unregulated drug supply. While research shows clinical benefits and reduced overdose mortality among safer supply patients, medication diversion remains a concern.

Objective: To examine provider (prescribing clinicians and allied health professionals) and patient perspectives on diversion of opioids prescribed in safer supply programs.

Animal welfare assessment after controlled cortical impact in CD-1 mice - A model of posttraumatic epilepsy.

The ethical use of laboratory animals requires that the benefits of an experimental study are carefully weighed against potential harm to the animals. In traumatic brain injury (TBI) research, ethical concerns are especially relevant to severe TBI, after which animals may experience suffering, depending on the implementation of refinement measures such as (1) postsurgical analgesia during the initial period following TBI and (2) humane endpoints. However, despite the frequent use of rodent models such as fluid percussion injury (FPI) and controlled cortical impact (CCI) in rats or mice, there is only one recent study that applied assessment of welfare to a severe TBI model, the FPI model in rats.

Safer Opioid Supply programs: Hydromorphone prescribing in Ontario as a harm reduction intervention to combat the drug poisoning crisis.

Setting: The crisis of unregulated fentanyl-related overdose deaths presents a significant public health challenge. This article describes the implementation and evaluation of four Safer Opioid Supply programs (SSPs) in Ontario, one in London and three in Toronto.

Intervention And Implementation: SSPs aim to curtail overdose fatalities while connecting individuals using drugs to healthcare services.

Cervical cancer in young women: Does age impact survival in cervical cancer?

Background And Objectives: To evaluate the oncology outcomes in cervical cancer patients aged 25 years or younger and compare them with those in older patients.

Methods: Cervical cancer patients were retrospectively analyzed and divided into two groups: young patients (≤25 years) and older patients (>25 years). For each young patient, two controls were selected from the database of cervical cancer patients aged over 25 years, matched by FIGO stage, treatment, and histologic type.

Rearrangements of viral and human genomes at human papillomavirus integration events and their allele-specific impacts on cancer genome regulation.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) integration has been implicated in transforming HPV infection into cancer. To resolve genome dysregulation associated with HPV integration, we performed Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing on 72 cervical cancer genomes from an Ugandan dataset that was previously characterized using short-read sequencing. We found recurrent structural rearrangement patterns at HPV integration events, which we categorized as: del(etion)-like, dup(lication)-like, translocation, multibreakpoint, or repeat region integrations.

The Role of Glycocalyx Diversity and Thickness for Nanoparticle Internalization in M1-/M2-like Macrophages.

Very small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (VSOPs) show diagnostic value in multiple diseases as a promising MRI contrast agent. Macrophages predominantly ingest VSOPs, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study identifies differences in VSOP uptake between pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages and explores the role of the pericellular glycocalyx.

Albumin-To-Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio as a New Early Predictive Marker of Axillary Response in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Pilot Study.

The Albumin-to-Alkaline Phosphatase ratio (AAPR) is an easily applicable and cost-effective marker investigated as an outcome predictor in solid cancers. Preliminary evidence in breast cancer suggests that a low AAPR correlates with a poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in primary tumors. However, data regarding the axillary response are lacking.

Brain magnetic resonance imaging of patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 2 and 3.

Background And Objective: Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by deficiency of the ubiquitously expressed survival motor neuron protein. Although primarily a hereditary lower motor neuron disease, it is probably also characterized by abnormalities in other organs. Brain abnormalities and cognitive impairment have been reported in severe SMA.

Comparative efficacy and safety of N-butyl cyanoacrylate vs. Onyx in the treatment of arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Since the first use of embolization for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) by Luessenhop and Spence in 1960, this procedure has become a cornerstone in the multimodal treatment approach for brain AVMs. Currently, in the United States, the main embolic agents employed are n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) and Onyx (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN). This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to compare these two agents in terms of efficacy and safety.

A worldwide study of subcortical shape as a marker for clinical staging in Parkinson's disease.

Alterations in subcortical brain regions are linked to motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, associations between clinical expression and regional morphological abnormalities of the basal ganglia, thalamus, amygdala and hippocampus are not well established. We analyzed 3D T1-weighted brain MRI and clinical data from 2525 individuals with PD and 1326 controls from 22 global sources in the ENIGMA-PD consortium.

Intestinal stem cells enhance local mucosal immunity through apoptotic body phagocytosis.

Modulation of immune tone at mucosal surfaces is critical to maintain homeostasis while facilitating the handling of emerging threats. One dynamic component of immune modulation is the phagocytosis and clearance of apoptotic bodies known as efferocytosis that inhibits inflammation by promoting its resolution. Here, we evaluated the effects of apoptotic body phagocytosis by intestinal epithelial stem and progenitor cells (ISCs).

A Role for the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: A New Conceptual Model.

Objective: Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterized by a severely restrictive diet leading to significant physical and/or psychosocial sequelae. Largely owing to the phenotypic heterogeneity, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are relatively unknown. Recently, the communication between microorganisms within the gastrointestinal tract and the brain-the so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis-has been implicated in the pathophysiology of eating disorders.

Oncology Survivorship Care Clinics: Design and Implementation of Survivorship Care Delivery Systems at NCCN Member Institutions.

Background: It is estimated that there are >18 million cancer survivors in the United States, and there is a growing number of survivorship programs across the country to care for these individuals. There is a clear need for survivorship care; however, evidence is still emerging on how to best operationalize the guidance from nationally recognized organizations and clinical practice guidelines.

Methods: The NCCN Best Practices Committee (BPC) recently conducted a survey to better understand survivorship clinics at NCCN Member Institutions.

Amyloid-beta antibody treatment in Alzheimer's disease : An update on recent data and outlook on implementation in clinical routine.

Amyloid-beta (Aβ) antibody treatment has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), targeting the accumulation of Aβ plaques, which are a hallmark of the disease. This review provides an update on recent clinical trial data, highlighting the efficacy and safety of various antibodies targeting Aβ. Recent trials have demonstrated that certain Aβ antibodies can reduce amyloid plaques and slow cognitive decline in patients with early AD.