Understanding the Glycosylation Pathways Involved in the Biosynthesis of the Sulfated Glycan Ligands for Siglecs.

Carbohydrate sulfation plays a pivotal role in modulating the strength of Siglec-glycan interactions. Recently, new aspects of Siglec binding to sulfated cell surface carbohydrates have been discovered, but the class of glycan presenting these sulfated Siglec ligands has not been fully elucidated. In this study, the contribution of different classes of glycans to and Siglec ligands was investigated within cells expressing the carbohydrate sulfotransferase 1 (CHST1) or CHST2.

Unequal Access and Overall Scarcity of Apical Suspension in Native Tissue Prolapse Repair.

Importance: Evaluation of racial and ethnic differences in apical suspension during prolapse repair is crucial for equitable gynecological care.

Objective: The objective was to assess racial and ethnic disparities in apical suspension during native tissue prolapse repair.

Study Design: We analyzed data from the 2019 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample and Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample, using Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, codes.

Pseudopterosin Biosynthesis: Unravelling a Decades Old Problem in Animal Specialized Metabolism.

Soft corals are prolific producers of terpenoids, such as pseudopterosins. The exact biosynthetic pathway of these anti-inflammatory diterpene glycosides has eluded the scientific community for decades. Using a forward genetic approach, we have identified, cloned, and expressed the key genes involved in pseudopterosin biosynthesis.

Clinical and laboratory findings of hookworms ( spp.) in naturally infected adult dogs.

Intestinal parasites of the genus are the most prevalent in coproparasitological examinations and necropsies of dogs in Brazil. Although adult dogs often remain asymptomatic when infected, there is limited published information concerning the laboratory and clinical findings and severity of infection in symptomatic adult dogs. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the clinical and laboratory findings of adult -infected dogs.

Cellular and biochemical alterations induced by diesel oil in the brown alga Sargassum cymosum var. stenophyllum cultured in vitro.

The effect of the in vitro acute exposure to diesel oil (0.001%, 0.01%, 0.

Intraprocedural transthoracic EChocardiography to facilitate Left Bundle Branch Pacing: EC-LBBP.

Background: Left bundle branch (LBB) pacing (LBBP) has gained rapid adoption. Evidence for direct LBB capture has varied from 30%-95% depending on the criteria.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of intraprocedural transthoracic echocardiographic guidance to achieve LBB capture.

Roles for Siglec-glycan interactions in regulating immune cells.

Cell surface complex carbohydrates, known as glycans, are positioned to be the first point of contact between two cells. Indeed, interactions between glycans with glycan-binding can modulate cell-cell interactions. This concept is particularly relevant for immune cells, which use an array of glycan-binding proteins to help in the process of differentiating 'self' from 'non-self'.

Tonabersat enhances temozolomide-mediated cytotoxicity in glioblastoma by disrupting intercellular connectivity through connexin 43 inhibition.

Glioblastoma cells rely on connexin 43 (Cx43)-based gap junctions (GJs) for intercellular communication, enabling them to integrate into a widely branched malignant network. Although there are promising prospects for new targeted therapies, the lack of clinically feasible GJ inhibitors has impeded their adoption in clinical practice. In the present study, we investigated tonabersat (TO), a blood-brain-barrier-penetrating drug with GJ-inhibitory properties, in regard to its potential to disassemble intercellular connectivity in glioblastoma networks.

Dual BACH1 regulation by complementary SCF-type E3 ligases.

Broad-complex, tramtrack, and bric-à-brac domain (BTB) and CNC homolog 1 (BACH1) is a key regulator of the cellular oxidative stress response and an oncogene that undergoes tight post-translational control by two distinct F-box ubiquitin ligases, SCF and SCF. However, how both ligases recognize BACH1 under oxidative stress is unclear. In our study, we elucidate the mechanism by which FBXO22 recognizes a quaternary degron in a domain-swapped β-sheet of the BACH1 BTB dimer.

Universal Teacher-Child Interaction Training in early childhood special education: Identifying mechanisms of action that explain why it works.

Teacher-Child Interaction Training-Universal (TCIT-U) is effective for increasing teachers' use of strategies that promote positive child behavior; however, the exact mechanisms of change are unknown. Using a cluster randomized control trial in a sample of 410 racially- and ethnically-diverse children (M = 41.73 months; 50% White, 45% Black/African-American, 4% Multiracial, 1% Asian; 59% Hispanic; 87% with disabilities) taught by 102 teachers from 38 classrooms in eight schools, we attempted to identify these mechanisms of action.

Cellular senescence in acute human infectious disease: a systematic review.

Introduction: This systematic review explores the relationship between cellular senescence, an age-related inflammatory phenomenon, with acute human infectious disease.

Methods: Embase via OVID, Scopus, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus, Cochrane Library via Wiley, and ClinicalTrials.gov were queried.

Animal-encoded nonribosomal pathway to bursatellin analogs.

The bursatellin-oxazinin family is a series of tyrosine-derived, nitrile-containing marine natural products from gastro-pod and bivalve molluscs. Although the first analogs were identified and associated with toxicity forty years ago, their biosynthetic origins were unknown. During an investigation of published mollusc genomes and transcriptomes, we serendipitously identified a putative bursatellin biosynthetic gene cluster (referred hereafter as the pathway).

Changes in Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Status in Dogs Subjected to Celiotomy or Video-Assisted Ovariohysterectomy.

We evaluated the surgical stress response of dogs undergoing three ovariohysterectomy (OVH) techniques. Twenty-nine healthy females were allocated into groups: celiotomy and ligature (CelioSut), celiotomy and bipolar energy (CelioBip), and a video-assisted technique using two portals and bipolar energy (VidBip). Clinical evaluation was performed, and the following blood analyses were determined: acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein and haptoglobin), white blood cell counting (WBC), and biomarkers of oxidative status.

Enhancing EHR Systems with data from wearables: An end-to-end Solution for monitoring post-Surgical Symptoms in older adults.

Mobile health (mHealth) apps have gained popularity over the past decade for patient health monitoring, yet their potential for timely intervention is underutilized due to limited integration with electronic health records (EHR) systems. Current EHR systems lack real-time monitoring capabilities for symptoms, medication adherence, physical and social functions, and community integration. Existing systems typically rely on static, in-clinic measures rather than dynamic, real-time patient data.

IgG autoantibodies in bullous pemphigoid directly induce a pathogenic MyD88-dependent pro-inflammatory response in keratinocytes.

Unlabelled: While autoantibodies in bullous pemphigoid (BP) are known to activate the innate immune response, their direct effect on keratinocytes, and the contribution of BP-IgG autoantibody-dependent keratinocyte responses to BP pathology is largely unknown. Herein, we performed multiplex immunoassays and bulk RNA-seq on primary keratinocytes treated with IgG from BP patients or controls. We identified a pro-inflammatory and proteolytic response with release of several cytokines (IL-6, IL-24, TGF-β1), chemokines (CXCL16, CTACK, MIP-3β, RANTES), C1s, DPP4, and MMP-9.

pVACview: an interactive visualization tool for efficient neoantigen prioritization and selection.

Background: Neoantigen-targeting therapies including personalized vaccines have shown promise in the treatment of cancers, particularly when used in combination with checkpoint blockade therapy. At least 100 clinical trials involving these therapies have been initiated globally. Accurate identification and prioritization of neoantigens is crucial for designing these trials, predicting treatment response, and understanding mechanisms of resistance.

COVID-19 infection is associated with an elevated risk for autoimmune blistering diseases while COVID-19 vaccination decreases the risk: A large-scale population-based cohort study of 112 million individuals.

Background: Numerous diseases associated with COVID-19 infection and vaccination have been reported, including conditions such as the autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBD) pemphigus and pemphigoid. However, robust evidence supporting these associations is lacking.

Objective: To investigate the risk of developing AIBD following COVID-19 infection and vaccination.

Electoral participation of people with and without disabilities in urban communities in Cameroon and Senegal.

Background: The right to participate in political processes is fundamental to democratic governance, economic development and human rights.

Objectives: We assessed participation in political processes and also explored factors associated with voting at the most recent election for people with and without disabilities.

Method: We conducted cross-sectional survey in four cities in Senegal and three in Cameroon in 2021.

Defensive polyketides produced by an abundant gastropod are candidate keystone molecules in estuarine ecology.

Secondary metabolites often function as antipredator defenses, but when bioactive at low concentrations, their off-target effects on other organisms may be overlooked. Candidate "keystone molecules" are proposed to affect community structure and ecosystem functions, generally originating as defenses of primary producers; the broader effects of animal chemistry remain largely unexplored, however. Here, we characterize five previously unreported polyketides (alderenes A to E) biosynthesized by sea slugs reaching exceptional densities (up to 9000 slugs per square meter) in Northern Hemisphere estuaries.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa faces a fitness trade-off between mucosal colonization and antibiotic tolerance during airway infection.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa frequently causes antibiotic-recalcitrant pneumonia, but the mechanisms driving its adaptation during human infections remain unclear. To reveal the selective pressures and adaptation strategies at the mucosal surface, here we investigated P. aeruginosa growth and antibiotic tolerance in tissue-engineered airways by transposon insertion sequencing (Tn-seq).

Cellular Mechanisms of Lung Injury: Current Perspectives.

The alveolar-capillary barrier includes microvascular endothelial and alveolar epithelial cells and their matrices, and its disruption is a critical driver of lung injury during development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. In this review, we provide an overview of the structure and function of the alveolar-capillary barrier during health and highlight several important signaling mechanisms that underlie endothelial and epithelial injury during critical illness, emphasizing areas with potential for development of therapeutic strategies targeting alveolar-capillary leak. We also emphasize the importance of biomarker and preclinical studies in developing novel therapies and highlight important areas warranting future investigation.

Measuring carbohydrate recognition profile of lectins on live cells using liquid glycan array (LiGA).

Glycans constitute a significant fraction of biomolecular diversity on cellular surfaces across all kingdoms of life. As the structure of glycans is not directly encoded by the organism's DNA, it is impossible to use high-throughput DNA technologies to study the role of cellular glycosylation or to understand how glycocalyx is recognized by glycan-binding proteins (GBPs). To address this gap, we recently described a liquid glycan array (LiGA) platform that allows profiling of glycan-GBP interactions on the surface of live cells in vitro and in vivo using next-generation sequencing.