Publications by authors named "Schmidt A"

De novo protein folding into a native three-dimensional structure is indispensable for biological function, is instructed by its amino acid sequence, and occurs along a vectorial trajectory. The human proteome contains thousands of membrane-spanning proteins, whose biosynthesis begins on endoplasmic reticulum-associated ribosomes. Nearly half of all membrane proteins traverse the membrane more than once, including therapeutically important protein families such as solute carriers, G-protein-coupled receptors, and ABC transporters.

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The plastidic 2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway supplies the precursors of a large variety of essential plant isoprenoids, but its regulation is still not well understood. Using metabolic control analysis (MCA), we examined the first enzyme of this pathway, 1-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), in multiple grey poplar ( × ) lines modified in their DXS activity. Single leaves were dynamically labeled with CO in an illuminated, climate-controlled gas exchange cuvette coupled to a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer, and the carbon flux through the MEP pathway was calculated.

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Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeting the hemagglutinin (HA) stem of influenza A viruses (IAVs) tend to be effective against either group 1 or group 2 viral diversity. In rarer cases, intergroup protective bnAbs can be generated by human antibody paratopes that accommodate the conserved glycan differences between the group 1 and group 2 stems. We applied germline-engaging nanoparticle immunogens to elicit a class of cross-group bnAbs from physiological precursor frequency within a humanized mouse model.

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As essential components of gene expression networks, transcription factors regulate neural circuit assembly. The homeobox transcription factor encoding gene, gs homeobox 1 (gsx1), is expressed in the developing visual system; however, no studies have examined its role in visual system formation. In zebrafish, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons that transmit visual information to the brain terminate in ten arborization fields (AFs) in the optic tectum (TeO), pretectum (Pr), and thalamus.

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Purpose Of Review: More than a century since its discovery, the pathogenesis of Chagas heart disease (CHD) remains incompletely understood. The role of derangements in the autonomic control of the heart in triggering malignant arrhythmia before the appearance of contractile ventricular impairment was reviewed.

Recent Findings: Although previous investigations had demonstrated the anatomical and functional consequences of parasympathetic dysautonomia upon the heart rate control, only recently, coronary microvascular disturbances and sympathetic denervation at the ventricular level have been reported in patients and experimental models of CHD, exploring with nuclear medicine methods their impact on the progression of myocardial dysfunction and cardiac arrhythmias.

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The viral vector-based COVID-19 vaccine Ad26.COV2.S has been recommended by the WHO since 2021 and has been administered to over 200 million people.

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Increased permeability of the intestinal epithelial layer is linked to the pathogenesis and perpetuation of a wide range of intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases. Infecting humans with controlled doses of helminths, such as human hookworm (termed hookworm therapy), is proposed as a treatment for many of the same diseases. Helminths induce immunoregulatory changes in their host which could decrease epithelial permeability, which is highlighted as a potential mechanism through which helminths treat disease.

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Purpose: It has been proposed that a higher habitual protein intake may increase cancer risk, possibly via upregulated insulin-like growth factor signalling. Since a systematic evaluation of human studies on protein intake and cancer risk based on a standardised assessment of systematic reviews (SRs) is lacking, we carried out an umbrella review of SRs on protein intake in relation to risks of different types of cancer.

Methods: Following a pre-specified protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42018082395), we retrieved SRs on protein intake and cancer risk published before January 22th 2024, and assessed the methodological quality and outcome-specific certainty of the evidence using a modified version of AMSTAR 2 and NutriGrade, respectively.

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Article Synopsis
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic heart disorder, but existing treatments mainly relieve symptoms rather than address root causes; research on circular RNAs (circRNAs) offers new insights.
  • A specific circRNA, circZFPM2, was found to be significantly upregulated in HCM cardiac tissue and plays a crucial role in regulating heart cell functions, as shown through experiments in different cell models.
  • Delivering circZFPM2 improved heart cell health by reducing hypertrophy and increasing cell survival, suggesting it could be a potential new target for HCM therapies based on its positive effects on heart function and mitochondrial health.
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Objectives: Back pain is one of the most challenging health conditions to manage. Healthcare providers face additional challenges when managing back pain for patients with culturally diverse backgrounds including addressing linguistic barriers and understanding patients' cultural beliefs about pain and healthcare. Knowledge about patients with culturally diverse backgrounds experiencing back pain and the interventions available to them is limited.

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Metabolomic age models have been proposed for the study of biological aging, however, they have not been widely validated. We aimed to assess the performance of newly developed and existing nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) metabolomic age models for prediction of chronological age (CA), mortality, and age-related disease. Ninety-eight metabolic variables were measured in blood from nine UK and Finnish cohort studies (N ≈31,000 individuals, age range 24-86 years).

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Background: Pregnancy and delivery outcomes in women with Fabry disease are not well described.

Methods: Retrospective cohort-study of women with Fabry disease in Austria using a specific questionnaire and the Austrian Mother-Child Health Passport.

Results: Out of a total of 44 enrolled women (median age at study entry 44 years, p25: 30, p75: 51), 86.

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Background: Healthy Davis Together was a program launched in September 2020 in the city of Davis, California, to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and facilitate the return to normalcy. The program involved multiple interventions, including free saliva-based asymptomatic testing, targeted communication campaigns, education efforts, and distribution of personal protective equipment, community partnerships, and investments in the local economy.

Objective: This study identified demographic characteristics of individuals that underwent testing and assessed adherence to testing over time in a community pandemic-response program launched in a college town in California, United States.

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Optimizing natural killer (NK) cell alloreactivity could further improve outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). The donor's Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) genotype may provide important information in this regard. In the past decade, different models have been proposed aiming at maximizing NK cell activation by activating KIR-ligand interactions or minimizing inhibitory KIR-ligand interactions.

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This in-vitro study aimed to analyse the effect of brushing and different brushing parameters (kind of toothpaste, kind of toothbrush, brushing force) on erosive tooth wear of primary bovine enamel and dentin. Specimens were prepared from primary bovine enamel or dentin (each group n = 12) and cyclically eroded (6 × 60 s/d, citric acid, pH 2.4) and brushed with children's toothbrushes (2 × 15 s/d) over 5 days.

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Flotation of the mineral lithium aluminate by application of the natural product punicine from Punica granatum and some derivatives as collectors is examined. Punicines, 1-(2',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)-pyridinium compounds, are switchable molecules whose properties can be changed reversibly. They exist as cations, neutral mesomeric betaines, anions, and dianions depending on the pH.

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Background: Patients with haemophilia (PwH) suffer from chronic pain due to joint alterations induced by recurring haemorrhage.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between structural alterations and pain perception at the ankle joint in PwH.

Patients/methods: Ankle joints of 79 PwH and 57 healthy controls (Con) underwent ultrasound examination (US) and assessment of pain sensitivity via pressure pain thresholds (PPT).

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Active Learning (AL) has the potential to solve a major problem of digital pathology: the efficient acquisition of labeled data for machine learning algorithms. However, existing AL methods often struggle in realistic settings with artifacts, ambiguities, and class imbalances, as commonly seen in the medical field. The lack of precise uncertainty estimations leads to the acquisition of images with a low informative value.

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Introduction: Pain is a common comorbidity in patients with hemophilia (PwH) due to hemophilic arthropathy. This study aims to explore pain sensitivity in PwH methodologically investigating in cuff pressure testing compared to algometer testing.

Methods: 37 PwH and 35 healthy control subjects (Con) enrolled in this study.

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Article Synopsis
  • New analytical techniques allow for the simultaneous assessment of hundreds of proteins, helping to understand their roles in diseases like heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).
  • Researchers used four panels of the Olink proximity extension assay on patients suspected of HIT to identify potential new biomarkers related to thrombus formation, inflammation, and the immune response.
  • The study indicated that soluble P-selectin could serve as a significant marker for HIT, with future research planned to evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic value in patient care.
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The Materials Imaging and Dynamics (MID) instrument at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (EuXFEL) is equipped with a multipurpose diagnostic end-station (DES) at the end of the instrument. The imager unit in DES is a key tool for aligning the beam to a standard trajectory and for adjusting optical elements such as focusing lenses or the split-and-delay line. Furthermore, the DES features a bent-diamond-crystal spectrometer to disperse the spectrum of the direct beam to a line detector.

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The on-going diversification of influenza virus necessicates annual vaccine updating. The vaccine antigen, the viral spike protein hemagglutinin (HA), tends to elicit strain-specific neutralizing activity, predicting that sequential immunization with the same HA strain will boost antibodies with narrow coverage. However, repeated vaccination with homologous SARS-CoV-2 vaccine eventually elicits neutralizing activity against highly unmatched variants, questioning this immunological premise.

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Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. Many bacteriophages integrate their genomes into the bacterial chromosome and become prophages. Prophages may substantially burden or benefit host bacteria fitness, acting in some cases as parasites and in others as mutualists.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates if high-dose cytarabine-based salvage chemotherapy before allogeneic stem-cell transplantation improves survival in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia who haven't responded well to previous treatments.
  • 281 patients aged 18 to 75 were randomly assigned to either receive chemotherapy or immediate stem-cell transplantation; the main goal was to measure treatment success as complete remission by day 56 after HSCT.
  • Results showed that 83% of patients in the chemotherapy group achieved treatment success, suggesting that prior chemotherapy could be an effective approach before transplantation in these patients.
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Background: Strokes frequently result in long-term motor deficits, imposing significant personal and economic burdens. However, our understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms governing motor learning in stroke survivors remains limited - a fact that poses significant challenges to the development and optimisation of therapeutic strategies.

Objective: This study investigates the diversity in motor learning aptitude and its associated neurological mechanisms.

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