Chains of matrix-derived type X collagen: size and aggregation properties.

Type X collagen was isolated from extracts of embryonic chick cartilages by immunoprecipitation and subsequently analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Most of the chains migrated with a molecular weight of 59 kDa, suggesting that the matrix form of type X collagen has not undergone post-secretory proteolytic processing. Minor amounts of material were also observed at 120 kDa, 70 kDa and 50 kDa.

Rejection of kidney and pancreas after pancreas-kidney transplantation.

On the basis of 26 combined pancreas-kidney transplants we questioned whether both organs undergo rejection simultaneously. Reliable diagnosis of pancreas-graft rejection was made possible by monitoring exocrine graft function, including quantitative measurements of pancreatic juice, its amylase content, and pancreatic juice cytology. In addition, diagnosis of pancreas rejection was based on regular flow studies, daily urinary neopterin excretion, and a retrospective analysis of the clinical course.

[Oxygen saturation during sleep in chronic obstructive lung diseases before and after bronchodilator therapy. A controlled, prospective study in 36 patients].

In a study of nocturnal oxygen saturation by transcutaneous oximetry in 36 patients, 26 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of varying degrees were compared with 10 patients without lung disease. The oxygen measurements were performed in all COPD patients before and after an 8-10 days' course of anti-obstructive therapy on an inpatient basis. COPD patients had more severe desaturation during night-time than those without lung disease.

Multiple-reaction cycling: a method for enhancement of the immunochemical signal of monoclonal antibodies.

Most current studies using immunochemical and immunohistochemical procedures to detect antigen-antibody complexes employ some type of indirect method. Such procedures afford signal amplification because several marker-conjugate molecules can bind to each primary antibody molecule. We have observed that for monoclonal antibodies an even greater amplification can be afforded simply by performing two (or more) reaction cycles (i.

A comparison of two behaviour reduction procedures: traditional extinction alone and interpolated reinforcement followed by extinction.

Extinction responding of children with severe retardation was compared when one component of a multiple schedule (VR-20/VR-20) was interpolated with one session of additional reinforcement. Either variable ratio 10 (VR-10), variable ratio 5 (VR-5) or continuous reinforcement (CRF) were interpolated in one component prior to extinction in both. Interpolated reinforcement resulted in an extinction process at least as efficient as traditional methods.

[Modified ureterocystostomy: a low rate of urological complications in kidney transplantation].

A total of 31 urological complications (4.6%) were noted between January 1974 and July 1987 among 670 renal transplantations: ureteral stenoses (n = 18), ureteral leaks (n = 8), vesicorenal reflux in the transplant with chronic urinary-tract infection (n = 1), and urolithiasis in the area of the transplant (n = 4). There were six ureteral leaks among 110 extravesical ureterocystoneostomies, while there were only two leaks among 560 anastomoses done by a modified method of Leadbetter and Politano.

[Our therapy concept in nonresectable liver metastases].

Cytotoxic chemotherapy was performed in a total of 18 patients (12 men, 6 women): 5 patients with colonic carcinoma and 1 patient with unknown primary lesion received 5 x 1000 mg 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) at 4 week interval. The 5 following patients primarily suffering from colonic carcinoma were treated with 0.5 mg/kg BW FUDR continuously at 2 week interval.

Susceptibility of cartilage collagens type II, IX, X, and XI to human synovial collagenase and neutrophil elastase.

The action of purified rheumatoid synovial collagenase and human neutrophil elastase on the cartilage collagen types II, IX, X and XI was examined. At 25 degrees C, collagenase attacked type II and type X (45-kDa pepsin-solubilized) collagens to produce specific products reflecting one and at least two cleavages respectively. At 35 degrees C, collagenase completely degraded the type II collagen molecule to small peptides whereas a large fragment of the type X molecule was resistant to further degradation.

[Experiences with kidney transplantation in elderly patients].

Despite a significant increase in the number of elderly patients with end stage renal disease, these patients still represent a minority of renal transplant recipients in many countries. Roughly the recipients in the present study were older than 50 years of age. Infection was a more common complication in these patients than in the younger patients.

Intrinsic and extrinsic controls of the hypertrophic program of chondrocytes in the avian columella.

Immunohistochemical studies of the chick columella have shown that the extracellular matrix of this ossicular cartilage template is composed largely of type II collagen. As development proceeds, synthesis of type X collagen, a hypertrophic cartilage-specific molecule, is initiated by endochondral chondrocytes within the zone of cartilage cell hypertrophy. Subsequently, these cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix are removed, resulting in marrow cavity formation.

Preventing weight gain in adults: a pound of prevention.

This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of a program for weight gain prevention in normal-weight adults. Two hundred nineteen participants were randomized to either weight gain prevention treatment or no treatment for a period of 12 months. Those in the treatment group received monthly newsletters relating to weight management, participated in a financial incentive system, and were offered an optional four-session education course in the sixth month of the program.

[Realities in the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma in clinical and general practice].

In 100 patients with lung cancer the diagnostic procedure, results of clinical staging and therapeutic sequelae were analysed retrospectively and compared to a similar group of patients 10 years previously. During the 10 years' interval there was a remarkable shortening of the time between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis, from 20 weeks to the present 10 weeks. Despite this acceleration the number of patients undergoing curative surgical resection increased only from 15 to 17%.

Development of the chick columella: immunohistochemical studies with anti-collagen monoclonal antibodies.

Developmentally regulated changes in the extracellular matrices of the columella have been immunohistochemically analyzed with anti-collagen, type-specific monoclonal antibodies. In the 12-day chick embryo, the ossicle is entirely cartilagenous. By using immunohistochemical methods, we found that the 12-day columella contains type II collagen within the cartilagenous matrix and type I collagen in the surrounding perichondrium, but no type X collagen.

Reducing inappropriate behavior of mentally retarded children through interpolated reinforcement.

Effects of interpolating additional reinforcement into an existing "natural" schedule of reinforcement were examined on subsequent responding when experimenter-controlled reinforcement was withdrawn. Six mildly to moderately mentally retarded children were given from 10 to 45 minutes of interpolated reinforcement for target behavior that interfered with habilitation. When the interpolated reinforcement was discontinued, the forms of responding returned to those of initial baseline, and the rates were lower.

Intracellular avian type X collagen in situ and determination of its thermal stability using a conformation-dependent monoclonal antibody.

The thermal stability of the helical domain of intracellular and matrix-associated type X collagen was examined in situ within the hypertrophic region of embryonic chick vertebral cartilages. For this we employed indirect immunofluorescence histochemistry of unfixed tissue sections reacted at progressively higher temperatures (Linsenmayer et al., J cell biol 99 (1984) 1405) with a conformation-dependent monoclonal antibody (X-AC9) (Schmid & Linsenmayer, J cell biol 100 (1985) 598).

Environmental regulation of type X collagen production by cultures of limb mesenchyme, mesectoderm, and sternal chondrocytes.

We have examined whether the production of hypertrophic cartilage matrix reflecting a late stage in the development of chondrocytes which participate in endochondral bone formation, is the result of cell lineage, environmental influence, or both. We have compared the ability of cultured limb mesenchyme and mesectoderm to synthesize type X collagen, a marker highly selective for hypertrophic cartilage. High density cultures of limb mesenchyme from stage 23 and 24 chick embryos contain many cells that react positively for type II collagen by immunohistochemistry, but only a few of these initiate type X collagen synthesis.

The developmentally regulated type X collagen gene contains a long open reading frame without introns.

Type X collagen is a recently discovered product of hypertrophic chondrocytes that is localized to presumptive mineralization zones of hyaline cartilage. Thus, in the epiphyseal growth plate of long bones it is present only in the zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes and absent in the resting and rapidly growing cartilage and in bone. Type X collagen represents, therefore, a transient and developmentally regulated collagen which is synthesized by a subpopulation of chondrocytes.