Timing of Delivery of Low-Risk Persons and the Risk of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring: Sweden and British Columbia, Canada.

Background: An evidence gap exists concerning the timing of delivery at 37-42 weeks and the risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring.

Objective: To determine the association between timing of delivery in low-risk pregnancies at term (37-42 weeks) gestations and ADHD in offspring.

Methods: This population-based cohort study comprised 1,424,453 singletons in Sweden and 403,765 in British Columbia (BC), Canada, live-born at 37-42 completed weeks to low-risk pregnant women between 2000 and 2018.

Analyzing the Effects of Cr and Mo on the Pearlite Formation in Hypereutectoid Steel Using Experiments and Phase Field Numerical Simulations.

In this study, we quantitatively investigate the impact of 1.4 wt.% chromium and 1.

FEM Simulations of Fatigue Crack Initiation in the Oligocrystalline Microstructure of Stents.

For over two decades, vascular stents have been widely used to treat clogged vessels, serving as a scaffold to enlarge the narrowed lumen and recover the arterial flow area. High-purity oligocrystalline austenitic steel is usually applied for the production of stents. Despite the popularity and benefit of stenting, it still may cause serious clinical adverse issues, such as in-stent restenosis and stent fracture.

Investigation of Auxetic Structural Deformation Behavior of PBAT Polymers Using Process and Finite Element Simulation.

The current work investigates the auxetic tensile deformation behavior of the inversehoneycomb structure with 5 × 5 cells made of biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-coterephthalate) (PBAT). Fused deposition modeling, an additive manufacturing method, was used to produce such specimens. Residual stress (RS) and warpage, more or less, always exist in such specimens due to their layer-by-layer fabrication, i.

Deformation Behavior Investigation of Auxetic Structure Made of Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Biopolymers Using Finite Element Method.

Auxetic structures made of biodegradable polymers are favorable for industrial and daily life applications. In this work, poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) is chosen for the study of the deformation behavior of an inverse-honeycomb auxetic structure manufactured using the fused filament fabrication. The study focus is on auxetic behavior.

Deformation Behavior of 3D Printed Auxetic Structures of Thermoplastic Polymers: PLA, PBAT, and Blends.

Auxetic structures have a negative Poisson's ratio and therefore expand transversely to the direction of loading instead of tapering. This unique behavior is not caused by the materials used, but by the structure, and thus offers completely new functionalities and design possibilities. As a rule, auxetic structures have a very complex geometry, which makes cost-effective production possible only by means of additive manufacturing processes.

Hybrid Data-Driven Deep Learning Framework for Material Mechanical Properties Prediction with the Focus on Dual-Phase Steel Microstructures.

A comprehensive approach to understand the mechanical behavior of materials involves costly and time-consuming experiments. Recent advances in machine learning and in the field of computational material science could significantly reduce the need for experiments by enabling the prediction of a material's mechanical behavior. In this paper, a reliable data pipeline consisting of experimentally validated phase field simulations and finite element analysis was created to generate a dataset of dual-phase steel microstructures and mechanical behaviors under different heat treatment conditions.

Health and Care Dependency of Older Adults in Dresden, Germany: Results from the LAB60+ Study.

As the population in Europe ages, an increased focus on the health of older adults is necessary. The purpose of the population-based LAB60+ study was to examine the current health and care situation of the population of older adults in Dresden, Germany, and to assess the effect of age, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES) on health outcomes. In the first half of 2021, 2399 out of 6004 randomly sampled residents of Dresden aged 60 years or older answered questions on their chronic conditions, care dependency, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and well-being, among others.

Microstructural Modeling and Simulation of a Carbon Black-Based Conductive Polymer-A Template for the Virtual Design of a Composite Material.

Carbon black is the most frequently applied conductive additive in rubber and polymer composites. In this work, we show how a carbon black microstructure in a polymer matrix can be conclusively modeled based on carbon black aggregation as well as an agglomeration mechanism using a state-of-the-art mathematical model. This novel and flexible microstructural modeling method enables us to virtually investigate the morphology of conductive additives within a polymer matrix and can be adapted to many conductive polymer combinations used for different applications.

Many-Scale Investigations of Deformation Behavior of Polycrystalline Composites: II-Micro-Macro Simultaneous FE and Discrete Dislocation Dynamics Simulation.

The current work numerically investigates commercial polycrystalline Ag/17vol.%SnO2 composite tensile deformation behavior with available experimental data. Such composites are useful for electric contacts and have a highly textured initial material status after hot extrusion.

Many-Scale Investigations of the Deformation Behavior of Polycrystalline Composites: I-Machine Learning Applied for Image Segmentation.

Our work investigates the polycrystalline composite deformation behavior through multiscale simulations with experimental data at hand. Since deformation mechanisms on the micro-level link the ones on the macro-level and the nanoscale, it is preferable to perform micromechanical finite element simulations based on real microstructures. The image segmentation is a necessary step for the meshing.

The isolated effect of age on the risk of COVID-19 severe outcomes: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Introduction: Increased age has been reported to be a factor for COVID-19 severe outcomes. However, many studies do not consider the age dependency of comorbidities, which influence the course of disease. Protection strategies often target individuals after a certain age, which may not necessarily be evidence based.

[Pregnant Physicians in Surgical Specialties - Implementation of the Maternity Protection Act Among Female Physicians in Saxony].

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate compliance with occupational health and safety (OHS) among pregnant surgeons.

Methods: All female surgeons in Saxony up to 45 years of age received a written questionnaire about their work environment during pregnancy. Predefined and expert-based criteria of OHS were analyzed descriptively.

Characterization of Cure Behavior in Epoxy Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation Compared with Dielectric Analysis and DSC.

The curing behavior of a thermosetting material that influences the properties of the material is a key issue for predicting the changes in material properties during processing. An empirical equation can describe the reaction kinetics of the curing behavior of an investigated material, which is usually estimated using experimental methods. In this study, the curing process of an epoxy resin, the polymer matrix in an epoxy molding compound, is computed concerning thermal influence using molecular dynamics.

Experimental Investigations of Micro-Meso Damage Evolution for a Co/WC-Type Tool Material with Application of Digital Image Correlation and Machine Learning.

Commercial Co/WC/diamond composites are hard metals and very useful as a kind of tool material, for which both ductile and quasi-brittle behaviors are possible. This work experimentally investigates their damage evolution dependence on microstructural features. The current study investigates a different type of Co/WC-type tool material which contains 90 vol.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of High-Temperature Creep Behavior of Nickel Polycrystalline Nanopillars.

As Nickel (Ni) is the base of important Ni-based superalloys for high-temperature applications, it is important to determine the creep behavior of its nano-polycrystals. The nano-tensile properties and creep behavior of nickel polycrystalline nanopillars are investigated employing molecular dynamics simulations under different temperatures, stresses, and grain sizes. The mechanisms behind the creep behavior are analyzed in detail by calculating the stress exponents, grain boundary exponents, and activation energies.

Increasing Fatigue Life of 09Mn2Si Steel by Helical Rolling: Theoretical-Experimental Study on Governing Role of Grain Boundaries.

The structure and mechanical properties of the 09Mn2Si high-strength low-alloyed steel after the five-stage helical rolling (HR) were studied. It was revealed that the fine-grained structure had been formed in the surface layer ≈ 1 mm deep as a result of severe plastic strains. In the lower layers, the "lamellar" structure had been formed, which consisted of thin elongated ferrite grains oriented in the HR direction.

Vaccine-Preventable Infections in Childcare Workers.

Background: Adequate immunity to so-called childhood diseases can lower the occupational risk of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases in persons who work in day-care centers for children.

Methods: A systematic literature survey was carried out in PubMed and Embase for the period January 2000 to February 2019. Studies on immune status and vaccination status were included.

The risk of cytomegalovirus infection in daycare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The primary aim of this review was to summarize the evidence on the relationship between being a daycare worker working with children and the possible increased risk of cytomegalovirus infection.

Methods: We searched the Medline and Embase databases using search strings defined according to the population, exposure, comparison, and outcomes (PECO) applicable to our research questions in order to find studies published since 2000. Two independent reviewers evaluated the search hits using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Are Daycare Workers at a Higher Risk of Parvovirus B19 Infection? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

In this systematic review, we aimed to summarize the evidence on the association between being a daycare educator working with children and the possible increased risk of parvovirus B19 infection compared to the general population. The Medline and Embase databases were searched using a defined search to find studies published since 2000. Two reviewers evaluated the search hits using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Precipitation strengthening in Cu-Ni-Si alloys modeled with ab initio based interatomic potentials.

Effective interaction potentials suitable for Cu/δ-NiSi and Cu/β-NiSi are developed. We optimise the potential parameters of an embedded atom method potential to reproduce forces, energies, and stresses obtained from ab initio calculations. Details of the potential generation are given, and its validation is demonstrated.

An Investigation of the Influence of Initial Roughness on the Friction and Wear Behavior of Ground Surfaces.

Friction and wear tests were performed on AISI 1045 steel specimens with different initial roughness parameters, machined by a creep-feed dry grinding process, to study the friction and wear behavior on a pin-on-disc tester in dry sliding conditions. Average surface roughness (Ra), root mean square (Rq), skewness (Rsk) and kurtosis (Rku) were involved in order to analyse the influence of the friction and wear behavior. The observations reveal that a surface with initial roughness parameters of higher Ra, Rq and Rku will lead to a longer initial-steady transition period in the sliding tests.

Erratum: Large-field-of-view optical elastography using digital image correlation for biological soft tissue investigation (erratum).

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1117/1.JMI.

Large-field-of-view optical elastography using digital image correlation for biological soft tissue investigation.

In minimally invasive surgery the haptic feedback, which represents an important tool for the localization of abnormalities, is no longer available. Elastography is an imaging technique that results in quantitative elastic parameters. It can hence be used to replace the lost sense of touch, as to enable tissue localization and discrimination.

The relationships between deformation mechanisms and mechanical properties of additively manufactured porous biomaterials.

Modulating deformation mechanism through manipulating morphological parameters of scaffold internal pore architecture provides potential to tailor the overall mechanical properties under physiological loadings. Whereas cells sense local strains, cell differentiation is also impressed by the elastic deformations. In this paper, structure-property relations were developed for Ti6-Al-4V scaffolds designed based on triply periodic minimal surfaces.