Explaining immigrants' social distance towards natives: A multilevel mediation approach across immigrant groups in Germany.

What factors underlie immigrants' social distance towards natives? Previous studies found that immigrants who perceive themselves as rejected by natives express more negative intergroup attitudes towards natives. Another line of research found that contingent on their origin country, immigrants face different degrees of social distance from natives. In this study, we employ an intergroup threat approach to integrate these separate research strands.

Observing many researchers using the same data and hypothesis reveals a hidden universe of uncertainty.

This study explores how researchers' analytical choices affect the reliability of scientific findings. Most discussions of reliability problems in science focus on systematic biases. We broaden the lens to emphasize the idiosyncrasy of conscious and unconscious decisions that researchers make during data analysis.

Explaining Immigrants' Worries About Ethnic Harassment: Germany, 1986-2004.

What factors shape immigrants' worries about becoming targets of ethnic harassment? This is an important question to ask, but most previous studies restricted their focus to the microlevel only. By contrast, few if any studies examined the possible macrolevel antecedents driving harassment-related worries among immigrants. This study aims to help fill this gap.

How education systems shape cross-national ethnic inequality in math competence scores: Moving beyond mean differences.

Here we examine a conceptualization of immigrant assimilation that is based on the more general notion that distributional differences erode across generations. We explore this idea by reinvestigating the efficiency-equality trade-off hypothesis, which posits that stratified education systems educate students more efficiently at the cost of increasing inequality in overall levels of competence. In the context of ethnic inequality in math achievement, this study explores the extent to which an education system's characteristics are associated with ethnic inequality in terms of both the group means and group variances in achievement.

Abdominal Muscle Density Is Inversely Related to Adiposity Inflammatory Mediators.

Purpose: Skeletal muscle is the largest regulator of glucose metabolism, but few population-based studies have examined the associations between muscle and inflammation. We studied the relationships between abdominal muscle area and density with selected adiposity-associated inflammatory mediators.

Methods: Nearly 2000 subjects underwent computed tomography of the abdomen and had venous fasting blood drawn concomitantly.

Hip abductor strength and lower extremity running related injury in distance runners: A systematic review.

Objectives: Determine the association between hip abduction strength and lower extremity running related injury in distance runners.

Design: Systematic review.

Methods: Prospective longitudinal and cross sectional studies that quantified hip abduction strength and provided diagnosis of running related injury in distance runners were included and assessed for quality.

The dynamics of radical right-wing populist party preferences and perceived group threat: A comparative panel analysis of three competing hypotheses in the Netherlands and Germany.

Existing cross-sectional research considers citizens' preferences for radical right-wing populist (RRP) parties to be centrally driven by their perception that immigrants threaten the well-being of the national ingroup. However, longitudinal evidence for this relationship is largely missing. To remedy this gap in the literature, we developed three competing hypotheses to investigate: (a) whether perceived group threat is temporally prior to RRP party preferences, (b) whether RRP party preferences are temporally prior to perceived group threat, or (c) whether the relation between perceived group threat and RRP party preferences is bidirectional.

Ethnic intermarriage in longitudinal perspective: testing structural and cultural explanations in the United States, 1880-2011.

Focusing on macro-level processes, this article combines Decennial Census and Current Population Survey data to simultaneously test longitudinal and cross-sectional effects on ethnic intermarriage using structural and cultural explanations. Covering a 130 year period, the results of our multilevel analysis for 140 national-origin groups indicate that structural characteristics explain why some origin groups become more "open" over time while others remain relatively "closed". Ethnic intermarriage is more likely to increase over time when the relative size of an immigrant group decreases, sex ratios grow more imbalanced, the origin group grows more diverse, the size of the third generation increases and social structural consolidation decreases.

Immigrant Integration policies and perceived Group Threat: A Multilevel Study of 27 Western and Eastern European Countries.

Although immigrant integration policies have long been hypothesized to be associated with majority members' anti-immigrant sentiments, systematic empirical research exploring this relationship is largely absent. To address this gap in the literature, the present research takes a cross-national perspective. Drawing from theory and research on group conflict and intergroup norms, we conduct two studies to examine whether preexisting integration policies that are more permissive promote or impede majority group members' subsequent negative attitudes regarding immigrants.

Prevalence of Anemia in Children with Congestive Heart Failure due to Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

Introduction. Anemia is prevalent in adult heart failure patients and appears to be an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this work is to determine the prevalence of anemia in children with heart failure from dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and to evaluate its influence on morbidity and mortality.

The bridge to diversity: the role of the National Medical Association and the African-American physician.

Three major reports confirming the presence of health disparities have made significant recommendations toward their elimination. One of the major recommendations is to increase the number of African-American and minority physicians. These recommendations come at a time when some communities are experiencing a physician shortage and some are forecasting a nationwide physician shortage.

Neural mechanisms of advance preparation in task switching.

The preparation effect in task switching can be interpreted to reflect cognitive control processes during the interval between task-cue onset and the trial-stimulus onset which support the flexible and rapid configuration of response dispositions. However, it is an open issue what neural processes underlie this effect. In the present study, healthy volunteers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a cued task switching paradigm, in which geometric objects had to be classified according to either color or shape.

Unusual presentation of carcinomatous meningitis: case report and review of typical CSF findings.

This paper describes a previously unreported clinical onset of carcinomatous meningitis with bilateral deafness. Typical changes in the cerebrospinal fluid aside from positive cytology findings are reviewed. In cases of suspected carcinomatous meningitis the clustering of increased CSF protein, lactate, decreased glucose, and a high opening pressure is suggestive of the diagnosis.