Chirality-Induced Magnet-Free Spin Generation in a Semiconductor.

Electrical generation and transduction of polarized electron spins in semiconductors (SCs) are of central interest in spintronics and quantum information science. While spin generation in SCs is frequently realized via electrical injection from a ferromagnet (FM), there are significant advantages in nonmagnetic pathways of creating spin polarization. One such pathway exploits the interplay of electron spin with chirality in electronic structures or real space.

Transition between Heavy-Fermion-Strange-Metal and Quantum Spin Liquid in a 4d-Electron Trimer Lattice.

We present experimental evidence that a heavy Fermi surface consisting of itinerant, charge-neutral spinons underpins both heavy-fermion-strange-metal (without f electrons) and quantum-spin-liquid states in the 4d-electron trimer lattice, Ba_{4}Nb_{1-x}Ru_{3+x}O_{12}(|x|<0.20). These two exotic states both exhibit an extraordinarily large entropy, a linear heat capacity extending into the milli-Kelvin regime, a linear thermal conductivity at low temperatures, and separation of charges and spins.

Current-sensitive Hall effect in a chiral-orbital-current state.

Chiral orbital currents (COC) underpin a novel colossal magnetoresistance in ferrimagnetic MnSiTe. Here we report the Hall effect in the COC state which exhibits the following unprecedented features: (1) A sharp, current-sensitive peak in the magnetic field dependence of the Hall resistivity, and (2) A current-sensitive scaling relation between the Hall conductivity σ and the longitudinal conductivity σ, namely, σ ∝ σ with α reaching up to 5, which is exceptionally large compared to α ≤ 2 typical of all solids. The novel Hall responses along with a current-sensitive carrier density and a large Hall angle of 15% point to a giant, current-sensitive Hall effect that is unique to the COC state.

Efficacy and Safety of Faricimab for Macular Edema due to Retinal Vein Occlusion: 24-Week Results from the BALATON and COMINO Trials.

Purpose: To evaluate the 24-week efficacy and safety of the dual angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A inhibitor faricimab versus aflibercept in patients with vein occlusion.

Design: Phase 3, global, randomized, double-masked, active comparator-controlled trials: BALATON/COMINO (ClincalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT04740905/NCT04740931; sites: 149/192).

Faricimab Treat-and-Extend for Diabetic Macular Edema: Two-Year Results from the Randomized Phase 3 YOSEMITE and RHINE Trials.

Purpose: To evaluate the 2-year efficacy, durability, and safety of dual angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A pathway inhibition with intravitreal faricimab according to a personalized treat-and-extend (T&E)-based regimen with up to every-16-week dosing in the YOSEMITE and RHINE (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers, NCT03622580 and NCT03622593, respectively) phase 3 trials of diabetic macular edema (DME).

Design: Randomized, double-masked, noninferiority phase 3 trials.

Clinical and Genetic Characterization of RDH12-Retinal Dystrophy in a South American Cohort.

Purpose: To characterize the largest cohort of individuals with retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12)-retinal dystrophy to date, and the first one from South America.

Design: Retrospective multicenter international study.

Subjects: Seventy-eight patients (66 families) with an inherited retinal dystrophy and biallelic variants in RDH12.

Detailed Clinical, Ophthalmic, and Genetic Characterization of ADGRV1-Associated Usher Syndrome.

Purpose: To present the clinical characteristics, retinal features, natural history, and genetics of ADGRV1-Usher syndrome (USH).

Design: Multicenter international retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Clinical notes, hearing loss history, multimodal retinal imaging, and molecular diagnosis were reviewed.

Efficacy, durability, and safety of intravitreal faricimab with extended dosing up to every 16 weeks in patients with diabetic macular oedema (YOSEMITE and RHINE): two randomised, double-masked, phase 3 trials.

Background: To reduce treatment burden and optimise patient outcomes in diabetic macular oedema, we present 1-year results from two phase 3 trials of faricimab, a novel angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A bispecific antibody.

Methods: YOSEMITE and RHINE were randomised, double-masked, non-inferiority trials across 353 sites worldwide. Adults with vision loss due to centre-involving diabetic macular oedema were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to intravitreal faricimab 6·0 mg every 8 weeks, faricimab 6·0 mg per personalised treatment interval (PTI), or aflibercept 2·0 mg every 8 weeks up to week 100.

Analysis of visual disability in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Pathologic myopia is the leading cause in working age.

This study assessed the causes of visual impairment over a decade in Buenos Aires City. This is a retrospective case series where we reviewed the database of visual disability certificates issued by the Buenos Aires City Ministry of Health between 2009 and 2017. In Argentina, visual disability is defined as a visual acuity = 20/200 in the better eye, or a corresponding visual field of less than 20 degrees in the less impaired eye.

THE ANGIOPOIETIN/TIE PATHWAY IN RETINAL VASCULAR DISEASES: A Review.

Purpose: To provide a concise overview for ophthalmologists and practicing retina specialists of available clinical evidence of manipulating the angiopoietin/tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and endothelial growth factor-like domains (Tie) pathway and its potential as a therapeutic target in retinal vascular diseases.

Methods: A literature search for articles on the angiopoietin/Tie pathway and molecules targeting this pathway that have reached Phase 2 or 3 trials was undertaken on PubMed, Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology meeting abstracts (2014-2019), and ClinicalTrials.gov databases.

Linear and Nonlinear Two-Terminal Spin-Valve Effect from Chirality-Induced Spin Selectivity.

Various mechanisms of electrical generation of spin polarization in materials have been a subject of broad interest for their underlying physics and device potential in spintronics. One such scheme is chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS), with which structural chirality leads to different electric conductivities for electrons of opposite spins. The resulting effect of spin filtering has been reported for a number of chiral molecules assembled on different surfaces.

Bound fermion states in pinned vortices in the surface states of a superconducting topological insulator.

By analytically solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations we study the fermion bound states at the center of the core of a vortex in a two-dimensional superconductor. The superconducting states are induced via proximity effect between an-wave superconductor and the surface states of a strong topological insulator. The strong spin-orbit coupling locks the spin perpendicular to the momentum (Rashba interaction).

Ophthalmic genetics in South America.

South America comprises of heterogeneous topographies, populations, and health care systems. Therefore, it is not surprising to see differences among the countries regarding expertise, education, and practices of ophthalmic genetics for patients with rare eye diseases. Nevertheless, common challenges such as limited genetics training in medical schools and among ophthalmologists, scarcity of diagnostic tools for phenotyping, and expensive genetic testing not covered by the public healthcare systems, are seen in all of them.

Predictors of Early Diabetic Retinopathy Regression with Ranibizumab in the RIDE and RISE Clinical Trials.

Purpose: To investigate the predictors of early diabetic retinopathy (DR) improvement in the RIDE/RISE (NCT00473382/NCT00473330) clinical trials.

Patients And Methods: In RIDE/RISE, adult patients with vision loss due to diabetic macular edema (DME) were randomized to monthly intravitreal ranibizumab 0.3 or 0.

Localized magnetic moments in metallic SrB single crystals.

The specific heat [Formula: see text] of metallic SrB single crystals shows an anomalous behavior for [Formula: see text] K which varies strongly with an applied magnetic field. This is consistent with a two-level Schottky system. We ascribe the excess of [Formula: see text] in this temperature range to localized magnetic moments.

Switching to ranibizumab in diabetic macular oedema refractory to bevacizumab treatment.

Aim: To determine the efficacy of switching to ranibizumab in patients with diabetic macular oedema refractory to treatment with bevacizumab, and to evaluate the outcomes when switching back to bevacizumab.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted that included 43 eyes of 31 patients refractory to previous bevacizumab treatment. The patients were switched to ranibizumab, and optical coherence tomography was performed one month post-injection.

Decoupling of magnetism and electric transport in single-crystal (Sr A )IrO (A = Ca or Ba).

We report a systematical structural, transport and magnetic study of Ca or Ba doped SrIrO single crystals. Isoelectronically substituting Ca (up to 15%) or Ba (up to 4%) ion for the Sr ion provides no additional charge carriers but effectively changes the lattice parameters in SrIrO. In particular, 15% Ca doping considerably reduces the c-axis and the unit cell by nearly 0.

OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT OF PIGMENT EPITHELIAL DETACHMENTS IN EYES WITH NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION.

Purpose: This review aimed to determine the optimal management of retinal pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) based on review of available evidence in the literature.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review evaluates previous retrospective and prospective studies that assessed the treatment of PEDs in nAMD.

Results: Studies illustrated that anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy can be effective in eyes with PED secondary to nAMD.

The challenge of spin-orbit-tuned ground states in iridates: a key issues review.

Effects of spin-orbit interactions in condensed matter are an important and rapidly evolving topic. Strong competition between spin-orbit, on-site Coulomb and crystalline electric field interactions in iridates drives exotic quantum states that are unique to this group of materials. In particular, the 'J   =  ½' Mott state served as an early signal that the combined effect of strong spin-orbit and Coulomb interactions in iridates has unique, intriguing consequences.

New Treatment Modalities for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is considered one of the main causes of severe vision loss in older adults. The neovascular form (nAMD) is an advanced stage, which is responsible for the most severe vision loss. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is at present the main factor that leads to the development of a neovascular membrane and the increased leakage from the membrane to the retina.