Adherence to guidelines on nutrition support during intensive treatment of acute myeloid leukemia patients: A nationwide comparison.

Background & Aims: The level of adherence to the updated guidelines of The European Societies for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) on nutrition in intensively treated adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients in clinical practice is unknown. The aim of this nationwide survey was to investigate ESPEN/EBMT nutritional guideline adherence during intensive AML treatment, variation in nutrition support practices among hospitals and whether these practices changed after guideline publication.

Methods: All 22 Dutch hospitals providing (aftercare following) high-dose chemotherapy and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult AML patients were surveyed on nutrition support practices during these intensive AML treatments.

Antifungal Activity of Selected Natural Preservatives against and and the Interactions of These Preservatives with Food Components.

The present study examined the influence of primary food components on the antifungal activity of the essential oil of carvacrol, thymol, eugenol, and -cinnamaldehyde against and . The MIC was determined in food model media enriched with proteins (1, 5, or 10%), carbohydrates (1, 4, or 6%), or oil (1, 5, or 10%). Proteins increased the antifungal activity of essential oil, carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol, whereas the effect of -cinnamaldehyde decreased with increasing protein content.

Phylogenetic relationships, expanded diversity and distribution of Crassiphiala spp. (Digenea, Diplostomidae), agents of black spot disease in fish.

Crassiphiala is a monotypic genus of diplostomid digeneans and is the type genus of the subfamily Crassiphialinae. The type species Crassiphiala bulboglossa parasitizes kingfishers in the Nearctic and has a Neascus-type metacercaria that encysts on fish intermediate hosts, often causing black spot disease. While recent molecular phylogenetic studies included some members of the Crassiphialinae, no DNA sequence data of Crassiphiala is currently available.

Effects of selected natural preservatives on the mycelial growth and ochratoxin A production of the food-related moulds and .

The present study examines the influence of the natural preservatives carvacrol, eugenol, -cinnamaldehyde and the essential oil (EO) on ochratoxin A (OTA) production and the mycelial growth of two food-related moulds, and , by broth macro-dilution assay for 21 days. With the addition of ½ minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) carvacrol, eugenol and EO, the mycelial dry weight of both moulds decreased significantly over the whole incubation period of 7, 14 and 21 days. -cinnamaldehyde slightly stimulated the growth of and at 14 and 21 days of incubation.

Antifungal activity of selected natural preservatives against the foodborne molds Penicillium verrucosum and Aspergillus westerdijkiae.

The present study examines the inhibitory effect of the essential oil (EO) of Origanum vulgare, its active components carvacrol and thymol, and a few active components of other EOs, namely, eugenol, trans-cinnamaldehyde and 1,8-cineole, against Penicillium verrucosum CBS 302.48, Aspergillus westerdijkiae CBS 112803 and Aspergillus westerdijkiae CBS 112804. Therefore, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by broth macrodilution of each antifungal agent.

The origin of Phoxinus eos-neogaeus unisexual hybrids.

Phoxinus eos-neogaeus unisexual hybrids (Cyprinidae, Pisces) are among the few vertebrate taxa known to reproduce clonally by gynogenesis. These taxa have a broad distribution in North America, mostly located in regions previously covered by the last Pleistocene ice sheet. To assess whether asexual hybrids dispersed from glacial refuges at the end of the Pleistocene or they originated from current hybridization events, genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences and microsatellite loci was determined in populations from 16 different sites in the Mississippi-Missouri River (Nebraska and Montana), Rainy River-Hudson Bay (Minnesota), and St Lawrence River (Quebec) drainages.

Dissection of transcriptional programmes in response to serum and c-Myc in a human B-cell line.

Proliferation of higher eukaryotic cells is triggered by the proto-oncogene c-myc (myc), which is induced downstream of a large number of growth factor receptors. Myc, a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor, transmits growth signals by up- and downregulation of target genes. The importance of Myc in growth control is well established.

Phenotypic consequences of genetic variation in a gynogenetic complex of Phoxinus eos-neogaeus clonal fish (Pisces: Cyprinidae) inhabiting a heterogeneous environment.

We examined the genetic composition, habitat use, and morphological variation of a Phoxinus eos-neogaeus unisexual hybrid complex and its sexually reproducing progenitor species inhabiting beaver-modified drainages of Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota. In addition to the single diploid P. eos-neogaeus gynogenetic clone, triploid and diploid-triploid mosaic biotypes were present at our study sites.

A role for c-Myc in the regulation of ribosomal RNA processing.

The proto-oncogene c-myc encodes a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor (c-Myc) that has a profound role in growth control and cell cycle progression. Previous microarray studies identified various classes of c-Myc target genes, including genes involved in ribosome biogenesis. By screening the human B-cell line P493-6 and rat fibroblasts conditionally expressing c-Myc, we could substantially extend the list of c-Myc target genes, particularly those required for ribosome biogenesis.

Myc/Max/Mad regulate the frequency but not the duration of productive cell cycles.

Upregulation of the proto-oncoprotein Myc, a basic, helix-loop-helix, leucin zipper domain transcription factor has profound consequences on cell proliferation, cell growth and apoptosis. Cell cultures of somatic c-myc-/- rat fibroblasts show extremely prolonged doubling times of 52 h. Using time-lapse microscopy, we show here that individual c-myc-/- cells proceeded within approximately 24 h through the cell cycle as fast as c-myc+/+ cells.

Fish recruitment, dispersal, and trophic interactions in a heterogeneous lotic environment.

I examine how dispersal of juvenile creek chubs (Semotilusatromaculatus) from beaver ponds into adjacent stream environments interacts with temporal abiotic variability to influence fish foraging, growth, and long-term persistence in the lotic ecosystem. Minnow trapping in upstream and downstream beaver ponds, along with weir traps used to monitor directional movement, indicated that most chubs colonized the stream from the downstream beaver pond. Large annual fluctuations in density of age 0 creek chubs occurred in the stream over a 10-year sampling period.

Extreme clonal uniformity of Phoxinus eos/neogaeus gynogens (pisces: Cyprinidae) among variable habitats in northern Minnesota beaver ponds.

Genetic surveys of parthenogenetic vertebrate populations have demonstrated a common pattern of relatively high degrees of clonal variation and the coexistence of numerous clones. In striking contrast, the Phoxinus eos/Phoxinus neogaeus/hybrid gynogen complex of cyprinid fishes exhibits no clonal variation within a northern Minnesota drainage characterized by successional beaver ponds. Gynogens were sampled from three habitats in each of four different pond types in a single drainage in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota.

[Alcohol consumption and organic damage. Views and attitudes of Danish patients and their relatives].

A total of 201 patients and their relatives in a hospital in Copenhagen participated in a structured interview investigation about their knowledge of the long-term effects of alcohol and their attitudes to restrictions. The majority approved of an upper limit for alcohol consumption within the recommended limits but a total of approximately 1/3 preferred a higher limit. Only 28% realised that there was a difference in how much alcohol women and men can tolerate.

Water resources and the land-water interface.

Development and implementation of local and regional plans to control nonpoint sources of pollution from agricultural land are major mandates of section 208 of Public Law 92-500. Many planners tend to equate erosion control as measured by the universal soil loss equation with improvements in water quality. Others implement channel management practices which degrade rather than improve water quality and thereby decrease the effectiveness of other efforts to control nonpoint sources.