A Unified Linear Viscoelastic Model of the Cell Nucleus Defines the Mechanical Contributions of Lamins and Chromatin.

The cell nucleus is constantly subjected to externally applied forces. During metazoan evolution, the nucleus has been optimized to allow physical deformability while protecting the genome under load. Aberrant nucleus mechanics can alter cell migration across narrow spaces in cancer metastasis and immune response and disrupt nucleus mechanosensitivity.

Parent Safety Perceptions of Child Walking Routes.

Walking rates to school remain low for U.S. children in large part due to parent concern for child safety.

Refining The Grain: Using Resident-Based Walkability Audits To Better Understand Walkable Urban Form.

Researchers use measures of street connectivity to assess neighborhood walkability and many studies show a relationship between neighborhood design and walking activity. Yet, the core of those connectivity measures are based on constructs designed for analyzing automobile mobility - the street network - not pedestrian movement. This paper examines the effect of a finer grained characterization of street connectivity and illustrates the idea using parent ratings of street and intersection walkability for children throughout a suburban school district in Oregon.

Relationship between energy balance and complications after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage patients are hypermetabolic and at risk for developing medical complications. A relationship was hypothesized between energy balance and complications following subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Methods: Fifty-eight consecutive poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage patients (mean age, 58; range, 26-86; 66% women) were studied between 2005 and 2007.

Inhibition of Pythium spp. and Suppression of Pythium Blight of Turfgrasses with Phosphonate Fungicides.

Pythium aphanidermatum and other Pythium spp. cause Pythium blight of turfgrasses in the United States. Phosphonate fungicides suppress Pythium blight when applied preventatively, but efficacy may vary with product, rate and timing of application, and host species.

Partial support with a centrifugal left ventricular assist device reduces myocardial oxygen consumption in chronic, ischemic heart failure.

Background: Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are increasingly used for heart failure (CHF); however, the level of optimal support has not been elucidated. We hypothesize that partial LVAD support in an ovine model of microinfarction-induced CHF significantly reduces left ventricular myocardial oxygen consumption (LVVO2).

Methods And Results: Microembolization of the circumflex coronary artery was used to induce CHF in 5 sheep (ejection fraction 28 +/- 2%).

Bermudagrass sod growth and metal uptake in coal combustion by-product-amended media.

Coal combustion by-products (CCB) include fly ash and bottom ash and are generated nationally at rates of 10(8) Mg yr(-1). Land applications of CCB have improved physicochemical properties of soil, yet inherent bulkiness and trace metal content of CCB often limit their use. Likewise, utilization of biosolids and manure as fertilizer can be problematic due to unfavorable nutrient ratios.

Family therapy trainees' evaluations of their best and worst supervision experiences.

Supervisees in Commission on Accreditation for Marriage and Family Therapy Education-(COAMFTE) accredited and candidacy training programs were asked to describe their best and worst supervision experiences in terms of the context of training and supervision, the perceived personal attributes of the supervisor, and specific behaviors perceived to be enacted by the supervisor during supervision. Contextual factors such as supervision modality, frequency and duration of supervisory contacts, and sources of supervisory data appeared to distinguish between supervisees' perceptions of their best and worst experiences. These experiences were further distinguished by the supervisees' perceptions regarding the supervisor's level of interpersonal attractiveness, trustworthiness, and expertise.

Serial changes of soluble endothelin-1 levels during myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion. Effects of magnesium, diltiazem and a novel MAC-1 inhibitor.

The key role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been recognised in patients with ischaemic heart disease. However, the serial changes of ET-1 during both brief and prolonged ischaemia-reperfusion are poorly known. Serial changes of plasma ET-1 were measured during myocardial stunning (MS) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Effects of intracoronary diltiazem on certain hemostatic parameters during acute myocardial infarction in swine.

Controversy currently exists regarding the use of diltiazem in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). due to conflicting results from clinical trials and animal studies. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the changes in the hemostatic profile during AMI following low dose intracoronary diltiazem infusion.

Bolus magnesium infusion in humans is associated with predominantly unfavourable changes in platelet aggregation and certain haemostatic factors.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study was an attempt to extrapolate favorable observations on the effects of magnesium on platelets and haemostasis from animal models to humans. Intravenous magnesium in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction has been tested in several large clinical trials and remains controversial. The mechanism for the cardioprotective properties of magnesium is unknown.

Short-term low dose intracoronary diltiazem administered at the onset of reperfusion reduces myocardial infarct size.

Background: Currently, controversy exists regarding the use of calcium-channel blockers in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), due to apparent conflicting results from clinical trials and animal models. One hypothesis to explain such a discrepancy proposes that the timing and duration of drug administration might influence its cardioprotective effect. Pretreatment with calcium-channel blockers or their administration during coronary artery occlusion is associated with the diminished infarct size in animal models.

Hemostatic changes after early versus late intracoronary magnesium during acute myocardial infarction in swine.

There has been some debate regarding the benefit of magnesium (Mg) in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) because of conflicting results from recent clinical trials. Several different hypotheses have been advanced to explain the cardioprotective properties of Mg, including the influence of the timing of Mg administration during AMI. This experiment was designed to assess the effect of intracoronary Mg on certain hemostatic parameters that are known to change during an AMI.

Intracoronary magnesium and diltiazem affect to a similar extent certain hemostatic factors during acute myocardial infarction in swine.

The use of calcium antagonists and magnesium (Mg) in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction is controversial. We compared changes in hemostasis during acute myocardial infarction after either low-dose intracoronary Mg or diltiazem infusion in 20 Yorkshire swine undergoing thoracotomy and coronary artery occlusion for 50 min, followed by 3 h of reperfusion. The first group received MgSO4 (250 mg), delivered at the onset of reperfusion, the second group received diltiazem (2.

Pretreatment with an inhibitor of mac-1 alters regional and systemic platelet function during ischemia-reperfusion in swine.

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion alters regional and systemic platelet function. The aim of our study was to elucidate the role of the Mac-1 receptor in changes of platelet function by using the leumedin, NPC-15669, an inhibitor of Mac-1 upregulation. In an open-chest swine model (n = 15), the treatment group (n = 6) received NPC-15669 (10 mg/kg loading dose over 12 min at the rate of 5 ml/min at the onset of left-anterior descending coronary artery occlusion, followed by constant infusion at 6 mg kg-1 h-1 during 90 min of reperfusion).

Timing of magnesium therapy affects experimental infarct size.

Background: Controversy exists regarding the use of magnesium in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) because of apparent conflicting results from clinical trials. One hypothesis to explain the various clinical observations proposes that the timing of magnesium administration significantly influences its therapeutic effect; ie, supraphysiological levels of Mg2+ must be present at the time of reperfusion for magnesium to produce clinical benefit.

Methods And Results: These experiments evaluated the effect of varying the timing of magnesium administration during AMI.

Regional and Systemic Platelet Function Is Altered by Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion.

Background: Myocardial reperfusion after short durations of ischemia causes prolonged contractile dysfunction (myocardial stunning). Recently it has also been suggested that ischemia-reperfusion results in impaired coronary endothelial function. Since platelet function is, in part, regulated by an intact functioning endothelium, platelet function could be expected to change during ischemia-reperfusion.

NPC 15669, an Antiinflammatory Leucine Derivative, Reduces In Vitro Platelet Aggregability in Both Swine and Human Plasma.

Background: Leumedins inhibit cell adhesion to endothelium via blockage of integrin binding. We tested a hypothesis that the novel leucine derivate NPC 15669 will affect in vitro platelet aggregability (PA) in both human and swine plasma. Methods and Results: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was incubated with 200 µ g and 400 µ g of NPC 15669.

Effects of a Novel Leumedin NPC 15669 on Myocardial Stunning and Preconditioned Infarction Size in Swine.

Background: NPC is a member of the leumedins and is an inhibitor of leukocyte adhesion to endothelium via blockage of integrin binding. NPC 15669 also may have antiplatelet effects. We tested the efficacy of the novel leukocyte recruitment inhibitor NPC 15669 on myocardial stunning (MS) and preconditioned myocardial infarction (MI).

Effect of magnesium sulphate infusion on ex vivo platelet aggregation in swine.

The effect of magnesium sulphate infusion on ex vivo platelet aggregation in 11 female Yorkshire swine was observed using platelet-rich plasma and different agonists (ADP 5 mM; ADP 10 mM and collagen 1 mg/ml). Infusion of 1 g MgSO4 over 1 h produced a significant decrease in platelet aggregability. A dose-dependent effect of different ADP concentrations on platelet aggregation was noticed.

[Antibody formation in rabbits after vaccination with Streptococcus pyogenes cultured in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of erythromycin].

Rabbits were immunized with suspensions of Streptococcus pyogenes grown, either in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of erythromycin (1/2 and 1/8 MIC) or without antibiotic. Over a twelve-week period, the opsonic activity of the serum and the levels of various streptococcal antibodies were determined. For the two test strains, the immune response observed was identical for the vaccine grown with 1/8 MIC erythromycin and for the control vaccine.