Prospective relationship between family screen time rules, obesogenic behaviours, and childhood obesity.

Family screen use rules (FSRs) could plausibly protect against the development of childhood obesity, although the mechanisms underlying these protective effects remain largely unexplored. This research aimed to investigate prospectively the associations between exposure to FSRs at age 24 months, obesogenic behaviours (excessive screen time and short sleep duration) at age 45 months, and obesity at age 54 months. Additionally, a model proposing the mediating role of obesogenic behaviours in the association between FSRs and childhood obesity was tested.

Novel quantitative digital image analysis methodology for assessment of inflammatory changes in MRI data in a post-hoc analysis of data acquired from a phase IIb study of baricitinib in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis.

Purpose: To evaluate a novel quantitative methodology to assess inflammatory changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the impact of image quality on imaging outcomes compared to the RA Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (RAMRIS).

Methods: Three-dimensional, T1-weighted, fat-suppressed MRI sequences of the hand/wrist before and after intravenous Gadolinium contrast from patients with RA in a placebo-controlled clinical trial (NCT01185353) were re-evaluated post hoc. The methodology was integrated into proprietary software (DYNAMIKA®) and assessed inflammation through pixelated measurements of the contrast-enhancing (inflammatory) volume.

Baricitinib and primary biliary cholangitis.

Background And Aims: There is an unmet need for alternative treatments for patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) who do not respond to treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). A proof-of-concept study of baricitinib, an orally administered Janus kinase 1 and 2 inhibitor, was initiated to evaluate its use in PBC patients.

Approach And Results: Patients with PBC showing inadequate response or intolerance to UDCA were eligible.

Childhood asthma in New Zealand: the impact of on-going socioeconomic disadvantage (2010-2019).

Aim: To document trends in number and cost of asthma hospital admissions and asthma prescriptions in children (0-14 years) from 2010-2019 in New Zealand.

Method: A retrospective analysis of public hospital admission and pharmaceutical prescription data.

Results: The dataset included 39,731 hospitalisations with asthma as a discharge diagnosis and 5,512,856 prescriptions for asthma medication in children ≤14 years old.

Modifiable Early Childhood Risk Factors for Obesity at Age Four Years.

Childhood obesity is associated with an increased risk of adult obesity and related chronic disease. Our aim was to identify modifiable exposures that are independently associated with obesity in the preschool age group. A prospective cohort study of 5734 children in New Zealand with anthropometric measurements was completed at age 4.

Referrals to secondary care in an outpatient primary care walk-in clinic for refugees in Germany: results from a secondary data analysis based on electronic medical records.

Objectives: The aims of our study were to describe the disease spectrum of refugees, to analyse to what extent their healthcare needs could be met in an outpatient primary care walk-in clinic and which cases required additional services from secondary care (ie, outpatient specialists or hospitals).

Design: Retrospective longitudinal observational study.

Setting: The study was based on routine data from a walk-in clinic in the largest central first reception centre in Hamburg, Germany between 4 November 2015 and 21 July 2016.

Episodes of care in a primary care walk-in clinic at a refugee camp in Germany - a retrospective data analysis.

Background: From 2015 to 2016 Germany faced an influx of 1.16 million asylum seekers. In the state of Hamburg Primary Care walk-in clinics (PCWC) were commissioned at refugee camps because the high number of residents (57,000 individuals) could not be provided with access to regular healthcare services.

Correction to: Temporary interruption of baricitinib: characterization of interruptions and effect on clinical outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Mechanism of baricitinib supports artificial intelligence-predicted testing in COVID-19 patients.

Baricitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK)1/JAK2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that was independently predicted, using artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, to be useful for COVID-19 infection via proposed anti-cytokine effects and as an inhibitor of host cell viral propagation. We evaluated the in vitro pharmacology of baricitinib across relevant leukocyte subpopulations coupled to its in vivo pharmacokinetics and showed it inhibited signaling of cytokines implicated in COVID-19 infection. We validated the AI-predicted biochemical inhibitory effects of baricitinib on human numb-associated kinase (hNAK) members measuring nanomolar affinities for AAK1, BIKE, and GAK.

Temporary interruption of baricitinib: characterization of interruptions and effect on clinical outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: In clinical practice, temporary interruption of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy is common for various reasons including side effects, non-compliance, or necessity for surgery. To characterize temporary interruptions of baricitinib and placebo-matched tablets in phase 3 studies of patients with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and describe their impact on efficacy and safety.

Methods: During 4 baricitinib phase 3 studies, investigators documented timing, reason, and duration of investigator-initiated temporary interruptions of study drug.

Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Baricitinib With and Without Methotrexate for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Experience With Baricitinib Monotherapy Continuation or After Switching From Methotrexate Monotherapy or Baricitinib Plus Methotrexate.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of maintaining baricitinib monotherapy in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) originally treated with baricitinib monotherapy or switched from methotrexate (MTX) or the combination of baricitinib plus MTX to baricitinib monotherapy.

Methods: This is a post hoc analysis of patients from the RA-BEGIN study who entered a long-term extension, RA-BEYOND, and were assessed for up to 24 weeks. In RA-BEGIN, MTX-naive patients with early active RA were randomized to MTX monotherapy, baricitinib 4 mg monotherapy, or baricitinib 4 mg plus MTX.

Achieving Pain Control in Rheumatoid Arthritis with Baricitinib or Adalimumab Plus Methotrexate: Results from the RA-BEAM Trial.

The purpose of the study was to assess the proportion of patients who achieve pain relief thresholds, the time needed to reach the thresholds, and the relationship between pain and inflammation among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and an inadequate response to methotrexate in RA-BEAM (NCT0170358). A randomized, double-blind trial was conducted, comparing baricitinib ( = 487), adalimumab ( = 330), and placebo ( = 488) plus methotrexate. Pain was evaluated by patient's assessment on a 0-100 mm visual analog scale (VAS).

Infant Food Security in New Zealand: A Multidimensional Index Developed from Cohort Data.

Food security (FS) during infancy is associated with lifelong outcomes. New Zealand is a developed economy that reports poor childhood nutrition-related health statistics, particularly among minority children, yet has no measure of FS applicable to infancy. The objective was to develop an FS index for New Zealand infants and examine its association with demographic covariates and health outcomes.

MRI and Dose Selection in a Phase II Trial of Baricitinib with Conventional Synthetic Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used in a phase IIb study of baricitinib in patients with RA to support dose selection for the phase III program.

Methods: Three hundred one patients with active RA who were taking stable methotrexate were randomized 2:1:1:1:1 to placebo or once-daily baricitinib (1, 2, 4, or 8 mg) for up to 24 weeks. One hundred fifty-four patients with definitive radiographic erosion had MRI of the hand/wrist at baseline and at weeks 12 and 24.

Characterization and Changes of Lymphocyte Subsets in Baricitinib-Treated Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Integrated Analysis.

Objective: Baricitinib is an orally administered inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 that has been shown to be effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to analyze changes in lymphocyte cell subsets during baricitinib treatment and to correlate these changes with clinical outcomes.

Methods: An integrated analysis was conducted by pooling data from 3 completed phase III trials comparing placebo with baricitinib treatment (RA-BEAM, RA-BUILD, and RA-BEACON) and 1 ongoing long-term extension study (RA-BEYOND) in patients with active RA (n = 2,186).

Effects of baricitinib on radiographic progression of structural joint damage at 1 year in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.

Background: Baricitinib was efficacious in a 24-week phase III study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and an inadequate response to conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (csDMARDs) (RA-BUILD).

Objectives: To evaluate radiographic progression of structural joint damage in RA-BUILD patients over 48 weeks of baricitinib treatment in the long-term extension study, RA-BEYOND.

Methods: In RA-BUILD, patients were randomised to placebo, baricitinib 2 mg or 4 mg once daily, with rescue possible from week 16.

Lipid profile and effect of statin treatment in pooled phase II and phase III baricitinib studies.

Objectives: Lipid profiles are altered by active disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and may be further modified by treatment with Janus kinase inhibitors and other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.

Methods: Lipid data were analysed from phase II and III studies of 4 mg (n=997) and 2 mg (n=479) oral baricitinib administered once daily in patients with moderate-to-severe active RA. Lipoprotein particle size and number and GlycA were evaluated with nuclear magnetic resonance in one phase III study.

Response to baricitinib based on prior biologic use in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: RA patients who have failed biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) represent an unmet medical need. We evaluated the effects of baseline characteristics, including prior bDMARD exposure, on baricitinib efficacy and safety.

Methods: RA-BEACON patients (previously reported) had moderate to severe RA with insufficient response to one or more TNF inhibitor and were randomized 1:1:1 to once-daily placebo or 2 or 4 mg baricitinib.

[Systematic Review of the Burden of Campylobacter-associated Disease].

Bacteria of the genus Campylobacter spp. are one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis and can lead to serious sequelae. Several studies have estimated the disease burden of Campylobacter spp.