Digital technologies in nursing: An umbrella review.

Background: Digital technologies promise to reduce nurses' workload and increase quality of care. However, considering the plethora of single and review studies published to date, maintaining a comprehensive overview of digital technologies' impact on nursing and effectively utilizing available evidence is challenging.

Objective: This review aims (i) to map published reviews on digital nursing technologies, based on their aims and the specific technologies investigated, to synthesize evidence on how these technologies' uses is associated with (ii) nurses' work-related and organizational factors, professional behavior, and health and work safety and (iii) ethically relevant outcomes for people in need of care.

Early identification and awareness of child abuse and neglect among physicians and teachers.

Background: Child abuse and neglect (CAN) causes enormous suffering for those affected.

Objective: The study investigated the current state of knowledge concerning the recognition of CAN and protocols for suspected cases amongst physicians and teachers.

Methods: In a pilot study conducted in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania from May 2020 to June 2021, we invited teachers and physicians working with children to complete an online questionnaire containing mainly multiple-choice-questions.

A dawn and dusk chorus will emerge if males sing in the absence of their mate.

The spring dawn and dusk chorus of birds is a widespread phenomenon, yet its origin remains puzzling. We propose that a dawn and dusk chorus will inevitably arise if two criteria are met: (1) females leave their roost later in the morning and go to roost earlier in the evening than their mate, and (2) males sing more when separated from their mate. Previous studies on blue tits () support the first criterion.

The world of deviance in the classroom: Psychological experiments on schoolchildren in Weimar Germany.

The article uses three case studies from the 1920s to explore how psychologists and elementary school teachers employed psychological techniques to gain knowledge about elementary school children and their milieu. It begins by describing the role of the elementary school and the elementary school teacher in the Weimar Republic. It then discusses the so-called "observation sheets" that were used in elementary schools in the 1920s to gain insights into the mental and moral characteristics of pupils.

Carbapenem Antibiotics Versus Other Antibiotics for Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections: a Systematic Review and Patient-Level Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (PROSPERO CRD42018108854).

Background: The treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections remains a challenge. Both optimal medical and surgical therapy (i.e.

Phenology-mediated effects of phenotype on the probability of social polygyny and its fitness consequences in a migratory passerine.

Why females engage in social polygyny remains an unresolved question in species where the resources provided by males maximize female fitness. In these systems, the ability of males to access several females, as well as the willingness of females to mate with an already mated male, and the benefits of this choice, may be constrained by the socio-ecological factors experienced at the local scale. Here, we used a 19-year dataset from an individual-monitored population of pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) to establish local networks of breeding pairs.

Graphology in Germany in the 1920s and 1930s : Amateurs, Psychologists, and the Police on the Scientific Nature of Graphology.

In this article I examine how psychologists, amateurs and actors in the police and in juridical fields positioned themselves in the 1920s and 1930s on the scientific nature of graphology. Graphology, the study of the character from handwriting, was linked with the hope of providing reliable methods for the investigation of psychological states and dispositions. The essay argues that on an epistemic level two different models have been represented to support the scientific nature of graphology: for one thing resorting to the special individual skill, the "genius" of a graphologist; or rather depersonalized techniques predominantly based on statistics.

[The French Revolution as Moral Shock : On the Political Dimension of the Research and Therapy of the Human Mind, ca. 1792-1806].

The paper describes how, in the context of the development of the French human sciences (sciences de l'homme) around 1800, the reference to the Reign of Terror was constitutive for the formulation and legitimation of a procedure, which was based on what Jean-Étienne Esquirol called "moral shocks" (sécousse morale). The psychiatric and pedagogical discussion of non-physical effects on the spirit (esprit) of human subjects and patients essentially dealt with the question: could people have been liberated by the shocking surge of the Revolution from the demeaning and dependent habits of the Old Regime (ancien régime), or could this violent revolution have had a pathological effect? This article shows that, after 1800, the latter interpretation became accepted. A professional self-image of psychiatric and pedagogical expertise formed in the relationship between physician and patient or teacher and student.

Autonomous Vehicles Require Socio-Political Acceptance-An Empirical and Philosophical Perspective on the Problem of Moral Decision Making.

Autonomous vehicles, though having enormous potential, face a number of challenges. As a computer system interacting with society on a large scale and human beings in particular, they will encounter situations, which require moral assessment. What will count as right behavior in such situations depends on which factors are considered to be both morally justified and socially acceptable.

Spatial patterns of extra-pair paternity: beyond paternity gains and losses.

Most studies on extra-pair paternity (EPP) focus either on a specific male's extra-pair gains or his extra-pair losses. For an individual bird however, mate choice or mate availability may underlie strong spatial restrictions. Disregarding this spatial aspect may underestimate or mask effects of parameters influencing observed EPP patterns.

[The significance of the emergency department of the Jena ENT Clinic in outpatient health care].

Background: The impact of outpatient clinics on emergency health care has not yet been analyzed satisfactorily. This study aims to determine the importance of the Jena University Outpatient ENT Clinic in emergency health care.

Methods: In a retrospective study, all 1,884 emergency cases from 2008 were gathered and analyzed.

Temperature-, electric field- and solute-induced percolation in water-in-oil microemulsions.

We report investigations on the percolation of the aqueous phase in water-in-oil microemulsions, comparing systems stabilized by ionic AOT and non-ionic Igepal amphiphiles. First, we briefly review the opposite effect of temperature on the two systems and compare electric conductivity with viscosity data. In the second part, we show that percolation can be induced by high electric fields resulting in a shift of the percolation curve.

[Clinical evaluation of Australia-antigen detection (author's transl)].

The detection of Australia antigen is considered as indication for the presence of a hepatitis with a long incubation period (hepatitis B). Thereby, these findings are getting a considerable diagnostic and prognostic importance. Attempts are made by means of serological and clinical data from permanent blood donors and liver patients to demonstrate the importance of Australia antigen findings with regard to the prevention of transfusion hepatitis and to the clinical evaluation of acute and chronical hepatitis.