Optimizing gout treatment: A comprehensive review of current and emerging uricosurics.

Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis, affecting approximately 5.1% of adults in the United States (US) population. Gout is a metabolic and autoinflammatory disease.

Circulating tumour DNA and risk of recurrence in patients with asymptomatic versus symptomatic colorectal cancer.

Background: Multiple initiatives aim to develop circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) tests for early cancer detection in asymptomatic individuals. The few studies describing ctDNA-testing in both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients report lower ctDNA detection in the asymptomatic patients. Here, we explore if asymptomatic patients differ from symptomatic patients e.

Controversies and practical management of patients with gout and chronic kidney disease.

Uric acid is a toxin retained with advancing kidney disease. Clinical manifestations of hyperuricemia include gout and systemic inflammation that are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. As many as one-third of all patients with chronic kidney disease have a history of gout, yet <25% of these patients are effectively treated to target serum urate levels of ≤6 mg/dl.

The Association of Mismatch Repair Status with Microscopically Positive (R1) Margins in Stage III Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: There is mounting evidence that microscopically positive (R1) margins in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) may represent a surrogate for aggressive cancer biology rather than technical failure during surgery. However, whether detectable biological differences exist between CRC with R0 and R1 margins is unknown. We sought to investigate whether mismatch repair (MMR) status differs between Stage III CRC with R0 or R1 margins.

A machine learning-based prediction model for gout in hyperuricemics: a nationwide cohort study.

Objective: To develop a machine learning-based prediction model for identifying hyperuricemic participants at risk of developing gout.

Methods: A retrospective nationwide Israeli cohort study used the Clalit Health Insurance database of 473 124 individuals to identify adults 18 years or older with at least two serum urate measurements exceeding 6.8 mg/dl between January 2007 and December 2022.

Current treatment of pT1 rectal cancers in Denmark: A retrospective national cohort study.

Aim: Organ preservation strategies for patients with rectal cancer are increasingly common. In appropriately selected patients, local excision (LE) of pT1 cancers can reduce morbidity without compromising cancer-related outcomes. However, determining the need for completion surgery after LE can be challenging, and it is unknown if prior LE compromises subsequent total mesorectal excision (TME).

Knowledge of and Stated Adherence to the 2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for Gout Management: Results of a Survey of US Rheumatologists.

Objective: This report evaluates rheumatologists' stated adherence to and agreement with the 2020 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Guideline for the Management of Gout.

Methods: A 57-item questionnaire was administered to a sample of US rheumatologists. Stated adherence scores were based on several guideline recommendations reported to be followed by rheumatologists in practice, whereas stated agreement scores were based on whether respondents always followed the recommendations.

Empowering the Participant Voice (EPV): Design and implementation of collaborative infrastructure to collect research participant experience feedback at scale.

Empowering the Participant Voice (EPV) is an NCATS-funded six-CTSA collaboration to develop, demonstrate, and disseminate a low-cost infrastructure for collecting timely feedback from research participants, fostering trust, and providing data for improving clinical translational research. EPV leverages the validated Research Participant Perception Survey (RPPS) and the popular REDCap electronic data-capture platform. This report describes the development of infrastructure designed to overcome identified institutional barriers to routinely collecting participant feedback using RPPS and demonstration use cases.

Unraveling the potential clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA detection in colorectal cancer-evaluation in a nationwide Danish cohort.

Background: Increasingly, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is proposed as a tool for minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment. Digital PCR (dPCR) offers low analysis costs and turnaround times of less than a day, making it ripe for clinical implementation. Here, we used tumor-informed dPCR for ctDNA detection in a large colorectal cancer (CRC) cohort to evaluate the potential for post-operative risk assessment and serial monitoring, and how the metastatic site may impact ctDNA detection.

Variations in the definition and perceived importance of positive resection margins in patients with colorectal cancer - an EYSAC international survey.

Introduction: Microscopically positive resection margins (R1) are associated with poorer outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer. However, different definitions of R1 margins exist. It is unclear to what extent the definitions used in everyday clinical practice differ within and between nations.

Mechanisms and rationale for uricase use in patients with gout.

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors such as allopurinol and febuxostat have been the mainstay urate-lowering therapy (ULT) for treating hyperuricaemia in patients with gout. However, not all patients receiving oral ULT achieve the target serum urate level, in part because some patients cannot tolerate, or have actual or misconceived contraindications to, their use, mainly due to comorbidities. ULT dosage is also limited by formularies and clinical inertia.

Interleukin-1β inhibitors for the management of acute gout flares: a systematic literature review.

Objectives: The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effects of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) inhibitors on gout flares.

Methods: Studies published between 2011 and 2022 that evaluated the effects of IL-1β inhibitors in adult patients experiencing gout flares were eligible for inclusion. Outcomes including pain, frequency and intensity of gout flares, inflammation, and safety were assessed.

Differences in adjuvant chemotherapy and oncological outcomes according to margin status in patients with stage III colon cancer.

Background: Microscopically positive margins to lymph node metastases (R1LNM) are associated with poorer oncological outcomes in patients with Stage 3 colon cancer. These poorer outcomes were seen despite a greater proportion of these patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy when compared to those with microscopically negative (R0) margins. We sought to determine if differences in the type or duration of adjuvant chemotherapy could account for the differences in outcomes seen between patients with R0 and R1LNM margins.

The impact of curcumin supplementation on systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis: A systematic review.

Objective: Curcumin is the active ingredient in the curry spice turmeric. It has anti-inflammatory properties due to the inhibition of transcription factors and inflammatory mediators such as nuclear factor- (NF-), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), lipoxygenase (LOX), tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-1 (IL-1) and 6 (IL-6). This review examines the literature regarding the efficacy of curcumin on systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Anthocyanins after Administration of Tart Cherry Juice to Individuals with Gout.

Scope: Tart cherries (TCs) contain high levels of anthocyanins that exert potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects and potentially benefit individuals with gout.

Methods And Results: This study aims to quantitate the major anthocyanins in TC Juice Concentrate (TCJC) and identify the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters of the major anthocyanin cyanidin-3-glucosylrutinoside (C3GR). A PK-PD study enrolling human subjects with a history of gout is performed.

Impact of Whole Genome Doubling on Detection of Circulating Tumor DNA in Colorectal Cancer.

Objective: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a candidate biomarker of cancer with practice-changing potential in the detection of both early and residual disease. Disease stage and tumor size affect the probability of ctDNA detection, whereas little is known about the influence of other tumor characteristics on ctDNA detection. This study investigates the impact of tumor cell whole-genome doubling (WGD) on the detection of ctDNA in plasma collected preoperatively from newly diagnosed colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

Do differences in surgical quality account for the higher rate of R1 margins to lymph node metastases in right- versus left-sided Stage III colon cancer: A retrospective cohort study.

Aim: Microscopically positive (R1) margins to lymph node metastases (R1LNM) are associated with poorer oncological outcomes in patients with Stage III colon cancer. R1LNM margins are more common in right-sided cancer, although the cause of this phenomenon is unknown. We sought to investigate whether differences in surgical quality account for the higher rate of R1LNM in right-sided cancers.

[Transanal endoscopic microsurgery for excision of a symptomatic tailgut cyst].

A tailgut cyst is a rare tumour originating from the embryonic remnant of the retrorectal space. The cyst is often asymptomatic, but it can cause abdominal or rectal pain and urogenital symptoms. When diagnosed, resection is the choice of treatment, and traditionally open surgery has been preferred.

Does seasonality of the microbiota contribute to the seasonality of acute gout flare?

Gout, the most common inflammatory arthritis worldwide, is an auto-inflammatory metabolic disease that leads to monosodium urate crystal deposition. Hyperuricaemia is a significant risk factor for the development of gout; however, hyperuricaemia alone is not sufficient to induce gout.Gout flares have circadian rhythms.