"Failure To Launch": Development of a Reproductive Organ Linked to Symbiotic Bacteria.

Developmental processes in animals are influenced by colonization and/or signaling from microbial symbionts. Here, we show that bacteria from the environment are linked to development of a symbiotic organ that houses a bacterial consortium in female Hawaiian bobtail squid, . In addition to the well-characterized light organ association with the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri, female house a simple bacterial community in a reproductive organ, the accessory nidamental gland (ANG).

[Smoking and co-morbidity - it's impact on dose achievement in radio(chemo)therapy for HNSCC].

Smoking worsens the prognosis of patients with HNSCC. Furthermore, smoking is associated with the prevalence of co- and multimorbidity, so that it is assumed that not smoking per se, but co-/multimorbidity worsens the prognosis due to lack of compliance to therapy, e. g.

[The impact of smoking habit alteration on prognosis of head and neck cancer patients].

Introduction: The influence of smoking on survival in patients with HNSCC is well documented in the literature. There is little data on changes in smoking habits after diagnosis. Here, the effect on survival of the reduction of smoking compared to full smoking cessation is investigated.

Informing epidemic (research) responses in a timely fashion by knowledge management - a Zika virus use case.

The response of pathophysiological research to emerging epidemics often occurs after the epidemic and, as a consequence, has little to no impact on improving patient outcomes or on developing high-quality evidence to inform clinical management strategies during the epidemic. Rapid and informed guidance of epidemic (research) responses to severe infectious disease outbreaks requires quick compilation and integration of existing pathophysiological knowledge. As a case study we chose the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak that started in 2015 to develop a proof-of-concept knowledge repository.

Alteration of smoking habit at time of first diagnosis influences survival of patients with HNSCC.

The impact of smoking on survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is well established, despite some conflicting data in the literature. However, data on alterations of smoking habit following cancer diagnosis is sparse. In the present study, the effect of reduction of smoking compared with cessation on the course of disease was studied.

The Influence of Smoking and Co-morbidity on Dose Achievement in Primary or Adjuvant Radio(Chemo)Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC).

Smoking has a negative impact on survival of HNSCC patients. In addition, smoking is associated with the prevalence of co-morbidities and, thus, it may be assumed that not smoking but co-morbidities impact the course of therapy in terms of lower compliance and dose-reduction. However, data addressing this issue is sparse and conflicting at present, specifically for HNSCCs.

Disruption of mosGILT in Anopheles gambiae impairs ovarian development and Plasmodium infection.

Plasmodium infection in Anopheles is influenced by mosquito-derived factors. We previously showed that a protein in saliva from infected Anopheles, mosquito gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (mosGILT), inhibits the ability of sporozoites to traverse cells and readily establish infection of the vertebrate host. To determine whether mosGILT influences Plasmodium within the mosquito, we generated Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes carrying mosaic mutations in the mosGILT gene using CRISPR/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9).

A mosquito salivary gland protein partially inhibits Plasmodium sporozoite cell traversal and transmission.

The key step during the initiation of malaria is for motile Plasmodium parasites to exit the host dermis and infect the liver. During transmission, the parasites in the form of sporozoites, are injected together with mosquito saliva into the skin. However, the contribution of vector saliva to sporozoite activity during the establishment of the initial infection of the liver is poorly understood.

Immunization with AgTRIO, a Protein in Anopheles Saliva, Contributes to Protection against Plasmodium Infection in Mice.

Plasmodium infection begins with the bite of an anopheline mosquito, when sporozoites along with saliva are injected into a vertebrate host. The role of the host responses to mosquito saliva components in malaria remains unclear. We observed that antisera against Anopheles gambiae salivary glands partially protected mice from mosquito-borne Plasmodium infection.

Physical restraint and the protection of the human rights of immigration detainees in hospitals.

Immigration detainees, like prisoners, are entitled to the same standard of healthcare as non-detained patients. When hospital attendance or admission is required, the priority for custodial staff (who for purposes of this article we refer to as 'escorts') is to prevent absconding. For that reason, they may wish to use physical restraints, such as handcuffs, and remain with the detainee at all times.

Assessment of HIV-related stigma in a US faith-based HIV education and testing intervention.

Introduction: The African American church is a highly influential institution with the potential to greatly increase the reach of HIV prevention interventions and address HIV-related stigma in US African American communities. However, there are few studies on HIV-related stigma and African American church populations. This study explored HIV-related stigma among church and community members participating in an HIV education and testing intervention pilot study in African American churches, named Taking It to the Pews.

Diagnostic accuracy of random massively parallel sequencing for non-invasive prenatal detection of common autosomal aneuploidies: a collaborative study in Europe.

Objective: The objective of this study is to validate the diagnostic accuracy of a non-invasive prenatal test for detecting trisomies 13, 18, and 21 for a population in Germany and Switzerland.

Methods: Random massively parallel sequencing was applied using Illumina sequencing platform HiSeq2000. Fetal aneuploidies were identified using a median absolute deviation based z-score equation.

Thioredoxin reductase is inhibited by the carbamoylating activity of the anticancer sulfonylhydrazine drug laromustine.

The thioredoxin system facilitates proliferative processes in cells and is upregulated in many cancers. The activities of both thioredoxin (Trx) and its reductase (TrxR) are mediated by oxidation/reduction reactions among cysteine residues. A common target in preclinical anticancer research, TrxR is reported here to be significantly inhibited by the anticancer agent laromustine.

Understanding the role of host hemocytes in a squid/vibrio symbiosis using transcriptomics and proteomics.

The symbiosis between the squid, Euprymna scolopes, and the bacterium, Vibrio fischeri, serves as a model for understanding interactions between beneficial bacteria and animal hosts. The establishment and maintenance of the association is highly specific and depends on the selection of V. fischeri and exclusion of non-symbiotic bacteria from the environment.

Phylogeny of Oedogoniales, Chaetophorales and Chaetopeltidales (Chlorophyceae): inferences from sequence-structure analysis of ITS2.

Background And Aims: The green algal class Chlorophyceae comprises five orders (Chlamydomonadales, Sphaeropleales, Chaetophorales, Chaetopeltidales and Oedogoniales). Attempts to resolve the relationships among these groups have met with limited success. Studies of single genes (18S rRNA, 26S rRNA, rbcL or atpB) have largely failed to unambiguously resolve the relative positions of Oedogoniales, Chaetophorales and Chaetopeltidales (the OCC taxa).

Characterizing the host and symbiont proteomes in the association between the Bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes, and the bacterium, Vibrio fischeri.

The beneficial symbiosis between the Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes, and the bioluminescent bacterium, Vibrio fischeri, provides a unique opportunity to study host/microbe interactions within a natural microenvironment. Colonization of the squid light organ by V. fischeri begins a lifelong association with a regulated daily rhythm.

The ITS2 Database III--sequences and structures for phylogeny.

The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) is a widely used phylogenetic marker. In the past, it has mainly been used for species level classifications. Nowadays, a wider applicability becomes apparent.

Diagnostic accuracy of intraarterial and i.v. MR angiography for the detection of stenoses of the infrainguinal arteries.

Objective: The objective of our study was to prospectively evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of intraarterial (i.a.) and i.

5.8S-28S rRNA interaction and HMM-based ITS2 annotation.

The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the nuclear ribosomal repeat unit is one of the most commonly applied phylogenetic markers. It is a fast evolving locus, which makes it appropriate for studies at low taxonomic levels, whereas its secondary structure is well conserved, and tree reconstructions are possible at higher taxonomic levels. However, annotation of start and end positions of the ITS2 differs markedly between studies.

Microbiological stability of biodiesel-diesel-mixtures.

The biodegradation of rapeseed oil methyl ester (RME) in pure and in mixtures with diesel fuel was investigated. Higher ratio of diesel fuel in the mixture resulted in higher count of bacteria. Fungal growth was advanced by higher RME contents.

ITS2 data corroborate a monophyletic chlorophycean DO-group (Sphaeropleales).

Background: Within Chlorophyceae the ITS2 secondary structure shows an unbranched helix I, except for the 'Hydrodictyon' and the 'Scenedesmus' clade having a ramified first helix. The latter two are classified within the Sphaeropleales, characterised by directly opposed basal bodies in their flagellar apparatuses (DO-group). Previous studies could not resolve the taxonomic position of the 'Sphaeroplea' clade within the Chlorophyceae without ambiguity and two pivotal questions remain open: (1) Is the DO-group monophyletic and (2) is a branched helix I an apomorphic feature of the DO-group? In the present study we analysed the secondary structure of three newly obtained ITS2 sequences classified within the 'Sphaeroplea' clade and resolved sphaeroplealean relationships by applying different phylogenetic approaches based on a combined sequence-structure alignment.

Intra-arterial MR angiography in the iliac system: initial clinical experience with 25 patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate intra-arterial magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the iliac arteries. Therefore, 25 consecutive patients (17 male, 8 female) suffering from symptomatic occlusive disease of the lower limbs were investigated prospectively. Catheter angiography was performed before MRA and served as the standard of reference.

Clinical and angiographic outcome after interventional treatment of the iliac arteries with a new carbofilm coated stent: preliminary results.

Purpose: To evaluate the handling, the procedural success rate and the six-month outcome of a new Carbofilm coated balloon-expandable stent in iliac artery lesions.

Materials And Methods: In a prospective study, 46 stenoses and 2 occlusions of the iliac arteries were primarily stented in 30 patients with the Isthmus CarboStent (Sorin Biomedica Cardio S.p.