Behavioral responses to a cyber attack in a hospital environment.

Technical and organizational steps are necessary to mitigate cyber threats and reduce risks. Human behavior is the last line of defense for many hospitals and is considered as equally important as technical security. Medical staff must be properly trained to perform such procedures.

Analyzing medical device connectivity and its effect on cyber security in german hospitals.

Background: Modern healthcare devices can be connected to computer networks and many western healthcare institutions run those devices in networks. At the same time, cyber attacks are on the rise and there is evidence that cybercriminals do not spare critical infrastructure such as major hospitals, even if they endanger patients. Intuitively, the more and closer connected healthcare devices are to public networks, the higher the risk of getting attacked.

Reduced risk of hypoglycemia with once-daily glargine versus twice-daily NPH and number needed to harm with NPH to demonstrate the risk of one additional hypoglycemic event in type 2 diabetes: Evidence from a long-term controlled trial.

Aims: This analysis evaluated HbA1c-adjusted hypoglycemia risk with glargine versus neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) over a 5-year study in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Clinical significance was assessed using number needed to harm (NNH) to demonstrate the risk of one additional patient experiencing at least one hypoglycemic event.

Methods: Individual patient-level data for symptomatic documented hypoglycemia and HbA1c values from a 5-year randomized study comparing once-daily glargine (n=513) with twice-daily NPH (n=504) were analyzed.

Computation of hyperfine tensors for dinuclear Mn(III) Mn(IV) complexes by broken-symmetry approaches: anisotropy transfer induced by local zero-field splitting.

Based on broken-symmetry density functional calculations, the (55)Mn hyperfine tensors of a series of exchange-coupled, mixed-valence, dinuclear Mn(III) Mn(IV) complexes have been computed. We go beyond previous quantum chemical work by fully including the effects of local zero-field splitting (ZFS) interactions in the spin projection, following the first-order perturbation formalism of Sage et al. [J.

A comparison between artificial and natural water oxidation.

Two artificial water oxidation catalysts, the blue dimer and the Llobet catalyst, have been studied using hybrid DFT methods. The results are compared to those for water oxidation in the natural photosystem II enzyme. Studies on the latter system have now reached a high level of understanding, at present much higher than the one for the artificial systems.

Analysis of tertiary phosphanes, arsanes, and stibanes as bridging ligands in dinuclear Group 9 complexes.

The unusual bridging and semi-bridging binding mode of tertiary phosphanes, arsanes, and stibanes in dinuclear low-valent Group 9 complexes have been studied by density functional methods and bonding analyses. The influence of various parameters (bridging and terminal ligands, metal atoms) on the structural preferences and bonding of dinuclear complexes of the general composition [A(1)M(1)(μ-CH(2))(2)(μ-EX(3))M(2)A(2)] (M(1), M(2) = Co, Rh, Ir; A(1), A(2) = F, Cl, Br, I, κ(2)-acac; E = P, As, Sb, X = H, F, CH(3)) has been analyzed. A number of factors have been identified that favor bridging or semi-bridging modes for the phosphane ligands and their homologues.

Meta-analysis of individual patient data to assess the risk of hypoglycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes using NPH insulin or insulin glargine.

Aim: To estimate absolute and relative incidence rates of hypoglycaemia when using once-daily evening or morning regimens of insulin glargine (glargine) versus once-daily evening NPH insulin (NPH) using individual patient data (IPD).

Materials And Methods: Randomized controlled trials with accessible IPD and including white European people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using glargine or NPH once-daily (with oral glucose-lowering drugs) were identified. Two study pools were analysed: evening glargine versus evening NPH (pool 1); and morning glargine versus evening NPH (pool 2).

Density functional calculations of (55)Mn, (14)N and (13)C electron paramagnetic resonance parameters support an energetically feasible model system for the S(2) state of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II.

Metal and ligand hyperfine couplings of a previously suggested, energetically feasible Mn(4)Ca model cluster (SG2009(-1)) for the S(2) state of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII) have been studied by broken-symmetry density functional methods and compared with other suggested structural and spectroscopic models. This was carried out explicitly for different spin-coupling patterns of the S=1/2 ground state of the Mn(III)(Mn(IV))(3) cluster. By applying spin-projection techniques and a scaling of the manganese hyperfine couplings, computation of the hyperfine and nuclear quadrupole coupling parameters allows a direct evaluation of the proposed models in comparison with data obtained from the simulation of EPR, ENDOR, and ESEEM spectra.

Quality assurance in non-interventional studies.

Nowadays, drug research and surveillance after authorisation becomes more and more important for several reasons. Non-interventional studies (NIS) investigate various aspects of drug use including efficacy and safety under real life conditions. Such kind of health services research should be on a high scientific, methodological and organisational level.

Synthesis, reactivity, and electronic structure of [n]vanadoarenophanes: an experimental and theoretical study.

An optimized procedure for the selective dimetalation of [V(eta (6)-C 6H 6) 2] by BuLi/tmeda allowed for the isolation and characterization of [V(eta (6)-C 6H 5Li) 2].tmeda. X-ray diffraction of its thf solvate [V(eta (6)-C 6H 5Li) 2].

Synthesis and structure of a ferrocenylboron dication.

Treatment of the borane Br 2BFc (Fc = ferrocenyl) with the Lewis base 4-methylpyridine and Na[BAr (f) 4] [Ar (f) = 3,5-(CF 3) 2C 6H 3] afforded the boron dication [FcB(NC 5H 4-4-Me) 3][BAr (f) 4] 2. This compound is a rare example of a structurally characterized boron dication.

Activity of different desoximetasone preparations compared to other topical corticosteroids in the vasoconstriction assay.

Introduction: We report on a double-blind, vehicle-controlled, single-center confirmatory study with random assignment. The purpose of the study was to investigate the topical bioavailability of different topical corticosteroid formulations in healthy human beings focussing on desoximetasone (DM).

Materials And Methods: Two DM 0.

Evaluation of the carbene hydride mechanism in the carbon-carbon bond formation process of alkane metathesis through a DFT study.

Olefin metathesis on a silica supported tantalumhydridocarbene complex, the key carbon-carbon making process in alkane metathesis, requires a large number of elementary steps in contrast to the known olefin metathesis pathway, which corresponds to successive [2 + 2]-cycloaddition and cycloreversion steps. The direct pathway is forbidden because it requires the formation of a high energy reaction intermediates, an olefin adduct of trigonal bipyramid (TBP) geometry, where the carbene is trans to an hydride ligand. Extra low-energy steps are therefore necessary to connect the reactants to products, the key being a turnstile interconversion at the metallacyclobutane intermediates.

Structural and electronic analysis of lanthanide complexes: reactivity may not necessarily be independent of the identity of the lanthanide atom--a DFT study.

Density functional theory calculations were used to study a given complex for the whole series of lanthanide cations: [Ln(C3H5)Cp(OMe)] (1) [Ln = La (Z = 57)-Lu (Z = 71)], the radioactive lanthanide promethium (Z = 61) excepted. Contrary to the common assumptions, the calculations suggested a significant, albeit indirect, contribution of f electrons to bonding. Relativistic effects were considered in the calculations of the bonding energies, as well as in geometry optimizations in both spin-restricted and unrestricted formalisms.

Prospective, randomized, multicentric, open, comparative study on the efficacy of a prophylactic single dose of 500 mg levofloxacin versus 1920 mg trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole versus a control group in patients undergoing TUR of the prostate.

Objectives: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) is one of the most frequent urological procedures. The efficacy of a prophylactic single dose of levofloxacin vs. trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) vs.

Identification of inhibitors for a virally encoded protein kinase by 2 different screening systems: in vitro kinase assay and in-cell activity assay.

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) protein kinase pUL97 represents an important determinant for viral replication and thus is a promising target for the treatment of HCMV. The authors screened a compound library of nearly 5000 entities based on known kinase inhibitors in 2 distinct ways. A radioactive in vitro kinase assay was performed with recombinant pUL97, purified from baculovirus-infected insect cells, on myelin basic protein-coated FlashPlates.

Pharmacokinetics of articaine hydrochloride in tumescent local anesthesia for liposuction.

The aim of the investigation was to assess the pharmacokinetic characteristics and safety of articaine HCl used in tumescent local anesthesia for liposuction. Maximum plasma concentrations of articaine HCl were observed from 136 to 264 ng/mL, on average, from 1.2 to 4.

Biosynthesis of isotopically labeled gramicidins and tyrocidins by Bacillus brevis.

The three-dimensional structure of bilayer-associated gramicidin A is available from a structural data base. This and related peptides are, therefore, ideal model compounds to use during the implementation and development of new NMR techniques for the structural investigations of membrane proteins. As these methods rely on the isotopic labelling of single, selected or all sites, we have, investigated and optimised biochemical protocols using different strains of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus brevis.

Ciclopiroxolamine cream for treating seborrheic dermatitis: a double-blind parallel group comparison.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of topically applied ciclopiroxolamine cream with that of the corresponding vehicle in patients with seborrheic dermatitis of the face.

Patients And Methods: The study was conducted as a multicenter prospective, randomized, double-blind parallel group comparison at 14 centers in Australia and New Zealand. 189 patients with clinically diagnosed seborrheic dermatitis participated in the study.

Magnetic resonance imaging following fat obliteration of the frontal sinus.

The paper describes the evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following osteoplastic flap procedure with fat obliteration. MRI scans performed in patients after surgery between 1st January 1986 and 31st December 1997 were evaluated. Outcome parameters were time-dependent changes in the distribution of adipose or connective tissue, development of necroses or oil cysts, recurrences, inflammatory complications, or mucocoeles.

The topology of lysine-containing amphipathic peptides in bilayers by circular dichroism, solid-state NMR, and molecular modeling.

In order to better understand the driving forces that determine the alignment of amphipathic helical polypeptides with respect to the surface of phospholipid bilayers, lysine-containing peptide sequences were designed, prepared by solid-phase chemical synthesis, and reconstituted into membranes. CD spectroscopy indicates that all peptides exhibit a high degree of helicity in the presence of SDS micelles or POPC small unilamellar vesicles. Proton-decoupled (31)P-NMR solid-state NMR spectroscopy demonstrates that in the presence of peptides liquid crystalline phosphatidylcholine membranes orient well along glass surfaces.

Osteoplastic frontal sinus surgery with fat obliteration: technique and long-term results using magnetic resonance imaging in 82 operations.

Objective: To evaluate the intraoperative and late complications of osteoplastic sinus surgery with fat obliteration with long-term magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) follow-up.

Methods: The operative records of all patients who underwent osteoplastic frontal sinus surgery with fat obliteration between January 1, 1986 and December 31, 1997 were reviewed and the postoperative clinical course and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were analyzed if available. MRI analyses revealed that changes in the distribution of fatty and fibrous tissue, the development of necrosis or oil cysts, recurrences, inflammatory complications, and mucoceles were time-dependent occurrences.

Peptide structural analysis by solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

Solid-state nmr spectroscopy provides a robust method for investigating polypeptides that have been prepared by chemical synthesis and that are immobilized by strong interactions with solid surfaces or large macroscopic complexes. Solid-state nmr spectroscopy has been widely used to investigate membrane polypeptides or peptide aggregates such as amyloid fibrils. Whereas magic angle spinning solid-state nmr spectroscopy allows one to measure distances and dihedral angles with high accuracy, static membrane samples that are aligned with respect to the magnetic field direction allow one to determine the secondary structure of bound polypeptides and their orientation with respect to the bilayer normal.

[Endonasal frontal sinus surgery with permanent implantation of a place holder].

Background: Endonasal frontal sinus surgery is well established. It is not yet clear what degree of enlargement of the frontal sinus neoostium is required to achieve permanent drainage or whether stenting improves the results.

Patients And Methods: Prospective survey with two groups: Group 1.

Effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of the metabolites of metamizol.

Metamizol (dipyrone) is hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract to the pharmacologically active metabolite 4-methyl-amino-antipyrine (4-MAA), which is transformed by both, oxidation to 4-formyl-amino-antipyrine (4-FAA) and demethylation to 4-amino-antipyrine (4-AA). 4-AA is acetylated to 4-acetyl-amino-antipyrine (4-AcAA). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether cimetidine will alter the pharmacokinetics of the metabolites of metamizol due to cimetidine-induced inhibition of the metabolic transformation of 4-MAA.