Ion-combination specific effects driving the enzymatic activity of halophilic alcohol dehydrogenase 2 from in aqueous ionic liquid solvent mixtures.

Biocatalysis in ionic liquids enables novel routes for bioprocessing. Enzymes derived from extremophiles promise greater stability and activity under ionic liquid (IL) influence. Here, we probe the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase 2 from the halophilic archaeon in thirteen different ion combinations for relative activity and analyse the results against molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the same IL systems.

Controlling the outcome of S2 reactions in ionic liquids: from rational data set design to predictive linear regression models.

Rate constants for a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) process in a range of ionic liquids are correlated with calculated parameters associated with the charge localisation on the cation of the ionic liquid (including the molecular electrostatic potential). Simple linear regression models proved effective, though the interdependency of the descriptors needs to be taken into account when considering generality. A series of ionic liquids were then prepared and evaluated as solvents for the same process; this data set was rationally chosen to incorporate homologous series (to evaluate systematic variation) and functionalities not available in the original data set.

Proteins in Ionic Liquids: Reactions, Applications, and Futures.

Biopolymer processing and handling is greatly facilitated by the use of ionic liquids, given the increased solubility, and in some cases, structural stability imparted to these molecules. Focussing on proteins, we highlight here not just the key drivers behind protein-ionic liquid interactions that facilitate these functionalities, but address relevant current and potential applications of protein-ionic liquid interactions, including areas of future interest.

Target and identify: triazene linker helps identify azidation sites of labelled proteins via click and cleave strategy.

A method for identifying probe modification of proteins via tandem mass spectrometry was developed. Azide bearing molecules are immobilized on functionalised sepharose beads via copper catalysed Huisgen-type click chemistry and selectively released under acidic conditions by chemical cleavage of the triazene linkage. We applied this method to identify the modification site of targeted-diazotransfer on BirA.

Diode laser hair removal does not interfere with botulinum toxin A treatment against axillary hyperhidrosis.

Background And Objective: The possible interference of combined laser hair removal and Botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A) injections in the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis has not previously been explored. In order to examine this potential interference, we assessed the effect of BoNT/A on axillary hyperhidrosis with and without concomitant diode laser axillary hair removal.

Study Design/materials And Methods: In a prospective, double blind, randomized cross over trial, nine patients suffering from primary axillary hyperhidrosis were laser-treated on one randomly assigned axilla.

Direct stimulatory effect of low-intensity 670 nm laser irradiation on human endothelial cell proliferation.

Background: Endothelial cell (EC) proliferation plays a key role in the process of tissue repair. Low-intensity laser irradiation has been demonstrated to accelerate wound healing and to improve microvascularization.

Objectives: The present study evaluated a possible stimulatory influence of low-intensity laser irradiation on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation in a systematic manner.

Systemic effects of low-intensity laser irradiation on skin microcirculation in patients with diabetic microangiopathy.

Low-intensity laser irradiation has been shown to induce wound healing in conditions of reduced microcirculation, which is in part explained by systemic effects. We therefore investigated such a potential systemic effect of low-intensity laser irradiation on skin blood circulation in patients with diabetic microangiopathy. Patients with diabetic microangiopathy were randomized to receive either a single helium-neon (HeNe, 632.

[Reciprocity regulation in photobiology. An overview].

According to the rule of Bunsen and Roscoe, a photochemical reaction is directly proportional to the total energy dose, irrespective of the time over which this dose is delivered. To date few studies have addressed the validity of this rule in experimental and applied photobiology. Most of these data point to the fact that the rule of reciprocity is invalid or of limited validity for many photobiological reactions.

Sex differences in HAART-associated dyslipidaemia.

Objectives: Because female sex protects against dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis in normal subjects, we aimed to reveal potential sex differences in metabolic side-effects of a newly initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen, and to relate these changes to endothelial cell activation as measured by levels of circulating E-selectin (cE-selectin).

Design: Prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary care centre at a University Hospital.

Low-intensity laser therapy: a review.

Low-intensity laser radiation is characterized by its ability to induce athermic, nondestructive photobiological processes. Although it has been in use for more than 30 years, this phototherapy is still not an established therapeutic modality. We have summarized the main arguments being brought up against the use of this therapy and have reviewed the literature addressing both its in vitro and in vivo effects.

Low intensity laser irradiation in the treatment of recalcitrant radiation ulcers in patients with breast cancer--long-term results of 3 cases.

Radiotherapy can be followed by recalcitrant skin ulcers. As low intensity laser irradiation has been demonstrated to have a beneficial effect on impaired wound healing, we investigated its efficacy and safety in three patients with chronic radiation ulcers. The three patients, previously mastectomized due to breast cancer, with recalcitrant radiation ulcers of the skin were treated with a 30 mW helium-neon laser (wavelength: 632.

Beneficial effects of protease inhibitors on body composition and energy expenditure: a comparison between HIV-infected and AIDS patients.

Objectives: (i) To investigate whether protease inhibitor (PI) (nelfinavir)-containing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) affects body composition differently in HIV-infected and AIDS patients without wasting syndrome. (ii) To delineate the changes in resting energy expenditure (REE) under PI therapy, and to determine whether sustained reductions in HIV RNA would decrease REE.

Design: Prospective longitudinal cohort study with individually matched healthy controls.

Low-intensity laser therapy is an effective treatment for recurrent herpes simplex infection. Results from a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.

Recurrent infection with herpes simplex virus is a common disease. Recently, alternative therapies have been introduced. Among those, low-intensity laser therapy mainly used for the acceleration of wound healing and in pain therapy has previously been shown to be of benefit in herpes zoster infections.

Diabetic neuropathic foot ulcer: successful treatment by low-intensity laser therapy.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of low-intensity laser irradiation for the induction of wound healing of a diabetic neuropathic foot ulcer.

Case: We report a case of a man with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, sensory neuropathy, macroangiopathy and microangiopathy who had been suffering from an ulcer of his first left toe accompanied by osteomyelitis for 6 weeks.

Results: After a total of 16 sessions of low-intensity laser therapy using a 670-nm diode laser administered within a 4-week period the ulcer healed completely.

Role of ground and excited singlet state oxygen in the red light-induced stimulation of Escherichia coli cell growth.

Irradiation of selected Escherichia coli defective strains with red-light induces a stimulation of the cell growth rate. Such effect is wavelength-dependent and is accompanied by a transient increase of the cell volume and some enzymic activities. The presence of oxygen appears to be essential for the occurrence of a significant photostimulatory effect.

Increased dermal angiogenesis after low-intensity laser therapy for a chronic radiation ulcer determined by a video measuring system.

Acute and chronic radiation-induced dermatitis can occur after high doses of ionizing radiation of the skin. We describe a patient with a long-lasting radiotherapy-induced ulcer that healed after low-intensity laser therapy. A video measuring system was used to determine the number of dermal vessels in the ulcer before and after laser treatment.

Induction of complete wound healing in recalcitrant ulcers by low-intensity laser irradiation depends on ulcer cause and size.

Chronic skin ulcers still represent a therapeutic challenge in dermatology. Among the various non-invasive treatment modalities used for the improvement of impaired wound healing, low-intensity laser irradiations are gaining an increasing body of interest. We used low-intensity laser irradiations delivered by a 30 mW helium-neon laser at an energy density of 30 J/cm2 three times weekly for the induction of wound healing in ulcers of diverse causes.

Healing of Bone Affections and Gangrene with Low-Intensity Laser Irradiation in Diabetic Patients Suffering from Foot Infections.

OBJECTIVE: Evalution of low-intensity laser irradiation on the healing of bone affections and gangrene in patients suffering from diabetic microangiopathy. DESIGN: Case-report study. PATIENTS: Two consecutive diabetic male patients with gangrene, osteomyelitis, and bone fractures.

Flow cytometric quantification of UV-induced cell death in a human squamous cell carcinoma-derived cell line: dose and kinetic studies.

Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and photochemotherapy induces apoptotic cell death in epidermal cells. In this study annexin V binding and propidium iodide (PI) uptake have been measured by flow cytometry to evaluate UV-induced cell death in the human squamous cell carcinoma-derived cell line A 431. Physiological and therapeutical relevant doses of UVA, UVA1, UVB, narrow-band UVB (311 nm) and photochemotherapy using 100 ng/ml of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) with UVA or UVA1 (PUVA or PUVA1) have been applied.

Low-intensity laser irradiation improves skin circulation in patients with diabetic microangiopathy.

Objective: Diabetic foot problems due to angiopathy and neuropathy account for 50% of all nontraumatic amputations and constitute a significant economic burden to society. Low-intensity laser irradiation has been shown to induce wound healing in conditions of reduced microcirculation. We investigated the influence of low-intensity laser irradiation by means of infrared thermography on skin blood circulation in diabetic patients with diabetic microangiopathy.