[Combination anesthesia in sheep with ketamine-(fentanyl)-guaifenesin (My 301)-laughing gas-halothane].

The concept of combined anaesthesia, the centrally-acting muscle relaxant guaifenesin (My 301) in a 5% solution with ketamine (and/or fentanyl) in addition to the inhalation of nitrous oxide and halothane is based upon the principle of "balanced anaesthesia". Guaifenesin amplifies the effect of several anaesthetics, which complement one another, allowing the dosage to be decreased and thereby reducing the cardiovascular stress. To induce anaesthesia, the combination of a cataleptic anaesthetic (ketamine = Ketanest, Ketolar) and a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant (guaifenesin = Myolaxin, My 301) is used.

[Pulse oximetry--a non-invasive method for direct and continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation and pulse rate--comparative studies with blood gas analysis and hemoreflectometry in the dog, swine and sheep].

The use of pulse oximeters as a non-invasive, real time and online method for the continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation is discussed and compared to other methods like hemoreflectometry, and blood gas analysis. Analyses of linear regression show extraordinarily good correlations between all three monitoring systems. Pulse oximetry and hemoreflectometry on the one hand and blood gas analysis on the other hand sometimes show quite differing values of oxygen saturation.

[CO2-stunning of swine for slaughter from the anesthesiological viewpoint].

For investigations of CO2-stunning of feeder- and slaughter-pigs parameters of behaviour, blood-gas-analyses and electroencephalograms were chosen. The following results were obtained: 1. Blood-gas-analyses proved that the CO2-stunning does not produce unconsciousness due to a lack of oxygen.

[The principle of "balanced anesthesia" in high risk canine patients].

The concept of balanced anaesthesia aims at an anaesthetic method for high risk patients by combination of different anaesthetic drugs. The anaesthetics and muscle-relaxants have to work in a way as to potentiate their effects and to reduce the side effects as well as the applied dosage. With this sensible regime the circulation and the metabolic energy should be less burdened.

[The clinical administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone in dogs].

The short introduction gives a review on the complex of exogen and endogen opioids and their receptors as well as on their pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of naloxone. The clinical efficacy of naloxone as an opioid antagonist is described. Applications of naloxone for the dog are specified: antagonisation of etorphine, morphine, levomethadone and fentanyl, antagonisation of exogen and endogen opioids in puppies and treatment of lactomania in the bitch.