Reduced bacterial colonisation of the glans penis after male circumcision in children--a prospective study.

Objective: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the effect of male circumcision on the bacterial colonisation of the glans penis in children.

Patients And Methods: 244 males were included in this study. The study group consisted of 143 boys admitted for circumcision between August 2009 and July 2010.

Lower limb salvage in a 7-month-old infant using free tissue transfer.

Free flap reconstruction in infants is extremely rare. A seven-and-a-half-month-old male infant sustained an extensive soft tissue defect on his left knee caused by extravasation of an intraosseous arterenol infusion. A free latissimus dorsi flap was successfully performed for soft tissue reconstruction.

Hepatoblastoma in a 4-year-old girl with Fanconi anaemia.

Case Report: Hepatoblastoma was diagnosed in a 4-year-old girl receiving growth hormone substitution therapy for short stature. Owing to multiple congenital malformations, VACTERL-H (vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheal, renal and limb anomalies with hydrocephalus) association had been suggested. Elevated chromosomal breakage rates and G2 phase arrest induced by DNA-crosslinking agents in cellular assays confirmed the diagnosis of Fanconi anaemia (FA), a tumour susceptibility syndrome known to be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma following androgen therapy.

Improvement of continence with reoperation in selected patients after surgery for anorectal malformation.

Purpose: Fecal incontinence is a serious complication after repair of anorectal malformations. We investigated whether reoperation can improve fecal continence.

Methods: Medical records of 41 patients (40 children and one adult; 26 male and 15 female) who underwent reoperation after previous reconstruction of an anorectal malformation were reviewed for outcomes of bowel function.

Can levels of interleukins and matrix metalloproteinases in the amniotic fluid predict postnatal bowel function in fetuses with gastroschisis?

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether interleukin or matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels in the amniotic fluid can predict the postnatal condition of the bowel in fetuses with gastroschisis (GS).

Methods: Eleven pregnant women with a fetus with GS underwent amniocentesis. Levels of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 were measured in 10 of 11 specimens, and MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-8 levels were measured in 7 of 11 specimens.

The role of nuclear factor-kappa B in bacterial translocation in cholestatic rats.

Xanthinoxidase (XO) derived radical species are involved in bacterial translocation (BT) in cholestatic rats. The mechanism by which XO influences remains unclear. It has been shown recently that nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), a ubiquitous transcription factor, can be activated by oxidative stress and thereby promote the process of BT.

Blunt liver trauma in children.

Diagnostic evaluation and treatment of blunt liver trauma in children have changed essentially over the last decades. In the period between January 1975 and December 2002, a total of 45 children, 18 girls and 27 boys, between the ages of 1 and 16 years (mean 8.19) were treated for liver rupture following blunt abdominal trauma.

Constipation and intestinal neuronal dysplasia type B: a clinical follow-up study.

Objective: Intestinal neuronal dysplasia type B (IND B) is one of the gastrointestinal motility disorders with a defined malformation of the parasympathetic submucous and myenteric ganglia. The clinical presentation of IND B is variable, ranging from intestinal obstruction in the neonatal period to acute or chronic constipation in childhood.

Methods: Between 1993 and 1996, 105 patients (49 females and 56 males) were treated for constipation, and in all of them an IND type B was confirmed histopathologically.

Effect of prenatal cortisone on spontaneous bacterial translocation from gastrointestinal tract in neonatal rat.

The immature host is prone to the passage of bacteria across the gut mucosal barrier. Corticosteroids accelerate the maturation of the intestinal mucosa and alter the composition of the gut bacterial flora. The present study was performed to assess the effect of prenatal cortisone on bacterial translocation in the neonatal rat.

CT-based virtual tracheobronchoscopy in children--comparison with axial CT and multiplanar reconstruction: preliminary results.

Background: 3D post-processing of spiral-CT (S-CT) data using perspective projection allows the generation of virtual views similar to endoscopy.

Objective: To evaluate whether simultaneous reading of axial S-CT, multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and virtual tracheobronchoscopy (VTB) is more precise and accurate than reading of axial S-CT and MPR alone in paediatric patients.

Materials And Methods: S-CT studies of 15 symptomatic and 4 normal patients were investigated.

Gut-derived bone infection in the neonatal rat.

The risk of osteomyelitis is increased in the premature and critically ill neonate. Although potential sites of bacterial entry are present in many of these infants, the source of infection frequently cannot be established. This study was performed to assess the possible role of bacterial translocation from the intestine in the origin of bone infection using models of breast-fed and formula-fed rat pups.

Time course of spontaneous bacterial translocation from gastrointestinal tract and its relationship to intestinal microflora in conventionally reared infant rats.

Whereas the developed gut mucosal barrier prevents luminal bacteria from invading the host, bacterial translocation appears to be facilitated in the neonate. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which bacteria spontaneously translocate from the gut to extraintestinal organs during the neonatal period and to relate translocation to the evolving intestinal flora in the rat. Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats suckled ad libitum and ate regular chow after weaning.

The impact of hepatic xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase activities on liver function in chronic cholestasis.

Activities of hepatic xanthine oxidase (XO) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XD), serum liver enzymes, and reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined in livers of chronic cholestatic rats. The common bile duct was ligated (CBDL) and rats were randomized to either an untreated group or to treatment with allopurinol, a competitive XO inhibitor, or received a tungsten-supplemented diet to inactivate XO and XD, or received antioxidants vitamin C and vitamin E. One group underwent only sham laparotomy.

[Neonatal gastrointestinal emergencies].

Unlabelled: Gastrointestinal emergencies in neonates often demand a quick and efficient diagnostic imaging. The procedures have to take the special diseases and conditions in these babies and preterm children into account.

Conclusion: This paper summarises the most common causes for gastrointestinal neonatal emergencies and discusses the indication and performance as well as the diagnostic value of the commonly used modalities, giving some suggestions for an efficient imaging algorithm.

A tungsten supplemented diet attenuates bacterial translocation in chronic portal hypertensive and cholestatic rats: role of xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase.

Background: Bacterial translocation (BT) plays a major role in the pathophysiological process of spontaneous infections in portal hypertension (PH) and cholestatic jaundice. The major mechanisms promoting BT in experimental animal models are the disruption of the intestinal ecological equilibrium and disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The enzymes xanthine dehydrogenase (XD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) are often implicated as a significant source of oxidants which have a major impact on the impairment of intestinal barrier function.

Bacterial translocation in short-bowel syndrome in rats.

Massive intestinal resection results in short-bowel syndrome (SBS) and is associated with an increased risk of infectious complications mainly caused by the egress of intestinal bacteria to distant organs, a process termed bacterial translocation (BT). The purpose of this experimental study in rats was to investigate in different models of SBS the impact of the type of intestinal resection on bacterial growth in the residual small bowel and on the occurrence of BT. SBS was created in 30 rats either by jejunal resection (JR), by ileal resection (IR) or by ileal resection including the ileocecal valve (IR+ICV).

Ovary in hernia sac: prolapsed or a descended gonad?

Background/purpose: The ligament that lies in the inguinal hernia sac of girls is known to be the round ligament and is described as homologous to the male gubernaculum. An ovary in a hernia sac might be assumed to mimic descent of the testis. The aim of this study is to determine whether this ligament has a role in final ovarian position.

Highchair accidents.

In order to establish guidelines for highchair accident prevention we investigated causes, mode and complications of highchair accidents by the following methods: The charts of 103 children attending our Accident & Emergency department for highchair related injuries were studied retrospectively. Questionnaires were sent to the parents to obtain detailed information about the mode of accident. They were also asked to suggest preventive measures.

Cholescintigraphy in the evaluation of bile flow after Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy and hepatico-antrostomy in infants with choledochal cysts.

Background: The study tests the hypothesis that stasis of bile in the Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy (RYJS) loop might facilitate biliary reflux and cause cholangitis, whereas quicker transit times in hepatico-antrostomy (HAST) might prevent cholangitis.

Materials And Methods: Cholescintigraphy was performed using Tc99m-trimethyl-Br-IDA in seven RYJS patients and in five HAST patients.

Results: The time to peak (Tmax) within the RYJS loop occurred between 18 and 50 min postinjection in all patients and the mean transit time (MTT) ranged between 42 and 69 min in 5/7 patients.

Comparison of hepaticoantrostomy and hepaticojejunostomy for biliary reconstruction after resection of a choledochal cyst.

Twelve infants operated upon for choledochal cyst (CC) are reviewed with emphasis on the operative technique of biliary tract reconstruction, incidence of cholangitis, postoperative hypergastrinemia, biliary excretion, and upper gastrointestinal (GI) motility in a follow-up of 24 to 35 months. In 7 patients biliary reconstruction was performed with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (HJ), and in 5 with a hepaticoantrostomy (HAST). In the HJ group 4 patients had recurrent episodes of cholangitis and intermittent diarrhea and serum gastrin levels were significantly elevated in 5.

The effect of vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation on bacterial translocation in chronic portal hypertensive and common-bile-duct-ligated rats.

In rats with chronic portal hypertension (PH) and common bile duct ligation (CBDL), significant ileal bacterial overgrowth, translocation of indigenous intestinal bacteria, a decrease in hepatic and ileal reduced glutathione (GSH) and an increase in ileal mucosal lipid peroxidation occur. alpha-Tocopherol (vitamin E) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) treatment attenuated the incidence of bacterial translocation, improved hepatic and ileal GSH levels and decreased ileal mucosal lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that in chronic PH and CBDL oxidative processes in the liver and intestine play an important role for bacterial translocation.

Allopurinol reduces bacterial translocation, intestinal mucosal lipid peroxidation, and neutrophil-derived myeloperoxidase activity in chronic portal hypertensive and common bile duct-ligated growing rats.

Bacterial translocation (BT) from the gastrointestinal tract has been thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of septic complications in patients with chronic portal hypertension (PH) and obstructive jaundice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of BT and to assess the role of intestinal mucosal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as an indicator of lipid peroxidation and polymorphonuclear neutrophil-derived myeloperoxidase (MPO) in chronic portal hypertensive and common bile duct-ligated rats. Twenty male rats were subjected to sham laparotomy (SL), 20 rats to calibrated portal vein constriction (PH), 20 rats to common bile duct ligation (CBDL), and 10 rats served as a nonoperated control group (NOP).

OK-432 therapy of lymphangiomas in children.

Unlabelled: Between April 1988 and July 1995, 11 children with lymphangioma were treated with intralesional OK-432 injection. In 7 patients it was the primary therapy and total shrinkage of the lesion was obtained in 5 of them. Two patients did not respond and the children underwent surgery.