A phase I, two-center study of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine in children.

Background: To investigate dexmedetomidine in children, the authors performed an open-label study of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine.

Methods: Thirty-six children were assigned to three groups; 24 received dexmedetomidine and 12 received no drug. Three doses of dexmedetomidine, 2, 4, and 6 microg x kg x h, were infused for 10 min.

Insertion of the endotracheal tube, laryngeal mask airway and oesophageal-tracheal Combitube. A 6-month comparative prospective study of acquisition and retention skills by medical students.

Objective: To assess the ability of medical students to learn and retain skills of airway manipulation for insertion of the endotracheal tube, the laryngeal mask airway (Laryngeal Mask Company, Henley-on-Thames, UK) and the oesophageal-tracheal Combitube (Kendall-Sheridan Catheter Corp., Argyle, NY, USA).

Methods: A 6-month prospective study was conducted among fifth-year medical students attending a 3-week clerkship in the Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine in the Soroka Medical Center.

Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of levobupivacaine with and without fentanyl after continuous epidural infusion in children: a multicenter trial.

Background: Levobupivacaine, the levo-enantiomer of bupivacaine, is as potent as bupivacaine but less toxic. Therefore, the authors investigated the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of perioperative epidural levobupivacaine with and without fentanyl in children.

Methods: After Research Ethics Board approval and informed written consent, 120 healthy children aged 6 months to 12 yr who were scheduled to undergo urologic or abdominal surgery were randomized in a double-blinded and concealed manner to receive one of four epidural solutions as a continuous infusion for 24 h: 0.

The dilemma of immediate preoperative hypertension: to treat and operate, or to postpone surgery?

Study Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and complications of immediate preoperative reduction of arterial blood pressure (BP) in patients with well-controlled hypertension but with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 110 and 130 mmHg on arrival at the operating room (OR).

Design: Prospective, randomized, large-sample study.

Setting: University-affiliated, 550-bed community hospital.

Should disclosure of the danger of awareness during general anesthesia be a part of preanesthesia consent?

Awareness during anesthesia (AGA) is known as an intraoperative incident which could lead to a series of untoward effects, among them symptoms compatible with the posttraumatic stress syndrome (PTSS). Incidence of AGA ranges between 0.1% and 0.

Association between hypophosphatemia and cardiac arrhythmias in the early stages of sepsis.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a possible association between serum phosphate levels and the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias in the early stages of sepsis. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, controlled study in the General Intensive Care Unit (GICU) of a university hospital. Sixteen patients with sepsis, but without any previous cardiac disease, were studied during their first 24 h in the GICU.

Vocal cord paralysis as a consequence of peritonsillar infiltration with bupivacaine.

Reduction of postoperative pain is an important goal in the perioperative management of tonsillectomy patients. This is particularly the case for children, who often exhibit resistance to intramuscular or rectal administration of drugs. Peritonsillar bupivacaine infiltration, a relatively safe method of pain control, is in some centers frequently used by otolaryngologists for pain relief.

Can pediatric anesthesiologists detect an occluded tracheal tube in neonates?

Unlabelled: To determine whether pediatric anesthesiologists can reliably detect occluded tracheal tubes, 18 pediatric anesthesiologists who were blindfolded and fitted with earplugs manually ventilated the lungs of 16 neonates. Consent was obtained from the parents of the neonates. All auditory signals from the monitors were silenced.

Use of EEG spectral edge as index of equipotency in a comparison of propofol and isoflurane for maintenance of general anaesthesia.

Propofol and isoflurane were compared for haemodynamic stability and recovery time as main anaesthetic agents for maintenance in a total of 43 ASA I and II patients in uncomplicated operations lasting at least 30 min. The premedication (oral diazepam), induction (thiopentone-fentanyl-suxamethonium) and maintenance protocol (N2O-O2 2:1 litre min-1, fentanyl and vecuronium in incremental doses) were identical for all patients. In one group of 20 patients, propofol was used in continuous intravenous (i.

Event-related brain potentials (P300) and neuropsychological deficit in patients with focal brain lesions.

Sixteen patients with chronic focal brain lesions were investigated with an acoustic P300 test and psychological tests of spatial abilities (Maze Tracing Speed Test, Form Board Test), cognitive speed (Sequential Number Connection Test), categorization (Figure Sorting Test), verbal fluency and vigilance. Neither the psychological battery nor P300 analysis discriminated frontal from retrorolandic brain lesions. Abnormalities of P300 significantly correlated with impairments in those psychological tests which had a spinal component in common.