Effects of Stigmatizing Language on Trainees' Clinical Decision-Making in Substance Use Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: Substance use disorder (SUD) continues to be one of the most stigmatized and under-treated conditions in the United States. Stigmatizing language used by healthcare workers can transmit bias to others within healthcare, including medical trainees. This study investigates how stigmatizing language and undergraduate medical education (UME) curricula may influence trainees' clinical decision-making for patients with SUD.

Impact of Radiation on Invasion and Migration of Glioma In Vitro and In Vivo.

Glioblastoma (GBM) constitutes the most common primary brain tumor and it remains incurable despite therapeutic advances. The high infiltration/invasion potential of GBM cells is considered to be one of the reasons for the inevitable recurrence of the disease. Radiotherapy (RT) is part of the standard care for patients with GBM, and its benefits on overall survival are extensively reported.

[Staffing situation and basics requirement calculations in the inpatient and outpatient sector in Germany - a representative survey by the Working Group of Senior Gastroenterology Hospital Physicians (ALGK)].

In Germany, there are no uniform hospital standards for the transparent calculation of medical staffing requirements in hospitals. This is particularly true for outpatient services.The ALGK conducted a member survey via the link https://de.

Spirometry Versus Forced Oscillation to Assess Lung Function Outcome at 5 Years of Age.

Background: Spirometry is the gold standard for assessing airway function for clinical studies; however, obtaining high-quality data in young children remains challenging. Since the forced oscillation technique (FOT) requires less subject cooperations, there has been increasing interest in FOT, particularly in young children. We evaluated whether spirometry and FOT in young children provides comparable ability to detect a treatment effect.

PRDX6 contributes to selenocysteine metabolism and ferroptosis resistance.

Selenocysteine (Sec) metabolism is crucial for cellular function and ferroptosis prevention and begins with the uptake of the Sec carrier, selenoprotein P (SELENOP). Following uptake, Sec released from SELENOP is metabolized via selenocysteine lyase (SCLY), producing selenide, a substrate for selenophosphate synthetase 2 (SEPHS2), which provides the essential selenium donor, selenophosphate (HSePO), for the biosynthesis of the Sec-tRNA. Here, we discovered an alternative pathway in Sec metabolism mediated by peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), independent of SCLY.

Covalent Modification of p53 by ()-1-(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.

is commonly mutated in cancer, giving rise to loss of wild-type tumor suppressor function and increases in gain-of-function oncogenic roles. Thus, inhibition of mutant p53 and reactivation of wild-type function represents a potential means to target diverse tumor types. ()-1-(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (NSC59984), first identified from a high-throughput screen, induces wild-type p53 signaling and antiproliferative effects while inhibiting mutant p53 gain-of-function activities.

S2k-Guideline hand antisepsis and hand hygiene.

The consensus-based guideline "hand antisepsis and hand hygiene" for Germany has the following sections: Prevention of nosocomial infections by hygienic hand antisepsis, prevention of surgical site infections by surgical hand antisepsis, infection prevention in the community by hand antisepsis in epidemic or pandemic situations, hand washing, selection of alcohol-based hand rubs and wash lotions, medical gloves and protective gloves, preconditions for hand hygiene, skin protection and skin care, quality assurance of the implementation of hand hygiene measures and legal aspects. The guideline was developed by the German Society for Hospital Hygiene in cooperation with 22 professional societies, 2 professional organizations, the German Care Council, the Federal Working Group for Self-Help of People with Disabilities and Chronic Illness and their Family Members, the General Accident Insurance Institution Austria and the German-speaking Interest Group of Infection Prevention Experts and Hospital Hygiene Consultants.

A single-sample workflow for joint metabolomic and proteomic analysis of clinical specimens.

Understanding the interplay of the proteome and the metabolome helps to understand cellular regulation and response. To enable robust inferences from such multi-omics analyses, we introduced and evaluated a workflow for combined proteome and metabolome analysis starting from a single sample. Specifically, we integrated established and individually optimized protocols for metabolomic and proteomic profiling (EtOH/MTBE and autoSP3, respectively) into a unified workflow (termed MTBE-SP3), and took advantage of the fact that the protein residue of the metabolomic sample can be used as a direct input for proteome analysis.

Parental verbal communication and modeling behavior during mealtimes shape offspring eating behavior - A systematic review with a focus on clinical implications for eating disorders.

Objective: The aim of this review is to provide an overview of parental communication patterns during mealtimes, with a special emphasis being placed on the differences between families with and without a history of eating disorders.

Methods: The systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. A systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed, PubPsych and PsycINFO and the results were assessed for eligibility by two independent raters using the PICOS criteria.

Presurgical pulmonary function tests in the first few days of life in neonates with congenital heart disease, a pilot study.

Objective: To compare early pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in neonates with critical congenital heart disease (CHD) compared to a historical reference group.

Design: Infants ≥ 37 weeks gestation with critical CHD were studied within the first few days of life, prior to cardiac surgery, and compared to data from a published reference group of healthy term neonates without CHD, studied at the same institution. Passive respiratory resistance (Rrs) and compliance (Crs) were measured with the single breath occlusion technique following specific acceptance criteria.

COVID-19-associated costs and mortality in Germany: an incidence-based analysis from a payer's perspective.

Background: This study aims to estimate average COVID-19-associated healthcare costs per capita in Germany from a payer perspective. In addition, insights into COVID-19-associated mortality should be gained.

Methods: For this purpose, a retrospective longitudinal analysis using health insurance claims data was performed.

Presurgical Pulmonary Function Tests in the First Few Days of Life in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease, A Pilot Study.

Objective: To compare early pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in neonates with critical congenital heart disease (CHD) compared to a historical reference group.

Design: Infants > 37 weeks gestation with critical CHD were studied within the first few days of life and prior to cardiac surgery and compared to data from a published reference group. Passive respiratory resistance (Rrs) and compliance (Crs) were measured with the single breath occlusion technique following specific acceptance criteria.

Identification of the unfolded protein response pathway as target for radiosensitization in pancreatic cancer.

Background And Purpose: Due to the high intrinsic radioresistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), radiotherapy (RT) is only beneficial in 30% of patients. Therefore, this study aimed to identify targets to improve the efficacy of RT in PDAC.

Materials And Methods: Alamar Blue proliferation and colony formation assay (CFA) were used to determine the radioresponse of a cohort of 38 murine PDAC cell lines.

Establishment of a 3D Model to Characterize the Radioresponse of Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Cells.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite modern, multimodal therapeutic options of surgery, chemotherapy, tumor-treating fields (TTF), and radiotherapy, the 5-year survival is below 10%. In order to develop new therapies, better preclinical models are needed that mimic the complexity of a tumor.

Opportunities and Alternatives of Modern Radiation Oncology and Surgery for the Management of Resectable Brain Metastases.

Postsurgical radiotherapy (RT) has been early proven to prevent local tumor recurrence, initially performed with whole brain RT (WBRT). Subsequent to disadvantageous cognitive sequalae for the patient and the broad distribution of modern linear accelerators, focal irradiation of the tumor has omitted WBRT in most cases. In many studies, the effectiveness of local RT of the resection cavity, either as single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or hypo-fractionated stereotactic RT (hFSRT), has been demonstrated to be effective and safe.

The influence of alkylating agents on sulfur-sulfur bonds in per- and polysulfides.

Per- and polysulfides are sulfane sulfur species produced inside living cells, in organisms as diverse as bacteria, plants and humans, but their biological roles remain to be fully understood. Unfortunately, due to their reactivity, per- and polysulfides are easily altered, interconverted or lost during the processing and analysis of biological material. Thus, all current analytical methods make use of alkylating agents, to quench reactivity of hydropersulfides and hydropolysulfides and also to prevent free thiols from attacking sulfur chains in hydropolysulfides and dialkyl polysulfides.

Emergence of (hydro)persulfides as suppressors of lipid peroxidation and ferroptotic cell death.

Recognition of the prevalence of hydropersulfides (RSSH) and characterization of their enhanced two-electron reactivity relative to thiols have led to their implication in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis, in addition to other potential roles. Recent attention on the one-electron reactivity of RSSH has uncovered their potent radical-trapping antioxidant activity, which enables them to inhibit phospholipid peroxidation and associated cell death by ferroptosis. Herein, we briefly review key aspects of the reactivity and underlying physicochemical properties of RSSH.

3-Mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase is a protein persulfidase.

Protein S-persulfidation (P-SSH) is recognized as a common posttranslational modification. It occurs under basal conditions and is often observed to be elevated under stress conditions. However, the mechanism(s) by which proteins are persulfidated inside cells have remained unclear.

Effect of Vitamin C Supplementation for Pregnant Smokers on Offspring Airway Function and Wheeze at Age 5 Years: Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Vitamin C supplementation (500 mg/d) for pregnant smokers has been reported to increase offspring airway function as measured by forced expiratory flow (FEF) through age 12 months; however, its effects on airway function at age 5 years remain to be assessed.

Objective: To assess whether vitamin C supplementation in pregnant smokers is associated with increased and/or improved airway function in their offspring at age 5 years and whether vitamin C decreases the occurrence of wheeze.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This study followed up the Vitamin C to Decrease the Effects of Smoking in Pregnancy on Infant Lung Function (VCSIP) double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial conducted at 3 centers in the US (in Oregon, Washington, and Indiana) between 2012 and 2016.

Patients Regret Their Choice of Therapy Significantly Less Frequently after Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy as Opposed to Open Radical Prostatectomy: Patient-Reported Results of the Multicenter Cross-Sectional IMPROVE Study.

Patient’s regret (PatR) concerning the choice of therapy represents a crucial endpoint for treatment evaluation after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PCA). This study aims to compare PatR following robot-assisted (RARP) and open surgical approach (ORP). A survey comprising perioperative-functional criteria was sent to 1000 patients in 20 German centers at a median of 15 months after RP.

Perioperative Improvement in Pulmonary Function in Infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare serial changes in pulmonary function in contemporary infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia managed with a gentle ventilation approach.

Study Design: Observational cohort, single-center study of infants ≥35 weeks gestation at delivery with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Functional residual capacity (FRC), passive respiratory compliance, and passive respiratory resistance were measured presurgical and postsurgical repair and within 2 weeks of discharge.

Hydropersulfides inhibit lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis by scavenging radicals.

Ferroptosis is a type of cell death caused by radical-driven lipid peroxidation, leading to membrane damage and rupture. Here we show that enzymatically produced sulfane sulfur (S) species, specifically hydropersulfides, scavenge endogenously generated free radicals and, thereby, suppress lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. By providing sulfur for S biosynthesis, cysteine can support ferroptosis resistance independently of the canonical GPX4 pathway.