Suppression of Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability via Special Pairs of Shocks and Phase Transitions.

The classical Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI) is a hydrodynamic instability characterizing the evolution of an interface following shock loading. In contrast to other hydrodynamic instabilities such as Rayleigh-Taylor, it is known for being unconditionally unstable: regardless of the direction of shock passage, any deviations from a flat interface will be amplified. In this article, we show that for negative Atwood numbers, there exist special sequences of shocks which result in a nearly perfectly suppressed instability growth.

Geographical balancing of wind power decreases storage needs in a 100% renewable European power sector.

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, many countries plan to massively expand wind power and solar photovoltaic capacities. These variable renewable energy sources require additional flexibility in the power sector. Both geographical balancing enabled by interconnection and electricity storage can provide such flexibility.

A meta-analysis of the stony coral tissue loss disease microbiome finds key bacteria in unaffected and lesion tissue in diseased colonies.

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) has been causing significant whole colony mortality on reefs in Florida and the Caribbean. The cause of SCTLD remains unknown, with the limited concurrence of SCTLD-associated bacteria among studies. We conducted a meta-analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene datasets generated by 16 field and laboratory SCTLD studies to find consistent bacteria associated with SCTLD across disease zones (vulnerable, endemic, and epidemic), coral species, coral compartments (mucus, tissue, and skeleton), and colony health states (apparently healthy colony tissue (AH), and unaffected (DU) and lesion (DL) tissue from diseased colonies).

Freshwater unionid mussels threatened by predation of Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus).

Indigenous freshwater mussels (Unionidae) are integral to riverine ecosystems, playing a pivotal role in aquatic food webs and providing ecological services. With populations on the decline worldwide, freshwater mussels are of conservation concern. In this study, we explore the propensity of the invasive Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus) fish to prey upon indigenous freshwater mussels.

Rapid Implementation of High-Frequency Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.

There have been over 507 million cases of COVID-19, the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), resulting in 6 million deaths globally. Wastewater surveillance has emerged as a valuable tool in understanding SARS-CoV-2 burden in communities. The National Wastewater Surveillance System (NWSS) partnered with the United States Geological Survey (USGS) to implement a high-frequency sampling program.

Renewable energy targets and unintended storage cycling: Implications for energy modeling.

To decarbonize the economy, many governments have set targets for the use of renewable energy sources. These are often formulated as relative shares of electricity demand or supply. Implementing respective constraints in energy models is a surprisingly delicate issue.

Novel microbiome dominated by Arcobacter during anoxic excurrent flow from an ocean blue hole in Andros Island, The Bahamas.

Andros Island, The Bahamas, composed of porous carbonate rock, has about 175 inland blue holes and over 50 known submerged ocean caves along its eastern barrier reef. These ocean blue holes can have both vertical and horizontal zones that penetrate under the island. Tidal forces drive water flow in and out of these caves.

Optimal supply chains and power sector benefits of green hydrogen.

Green hydrogen can help to decarbonize parts of the transportation sector, but its power sector interactions are not well understood so far. It may contribute to integrating variable renewable energy sources if production is sufficiently flexible in time. Using an open-source co-optimization model of the power sector and four options for supplying hydrogen at German filling stations, we find a trade-off between energy efficiency and temporal flexibility.

An open tool for creating battery-electric vehicle time series from empirical data, emobpy.

There is substantial research interest in how future fleets of battery-electric vehicles will interact with the power sector. Various types of energy models are used for respective analyses. They depend on meaningful input parameters, in particular time series of vehicle mobility, driving electricity consumption, grid availability, or grid electricity demand.

Capture of Environmental DNA (eDNA) from Water Samples by Flocculation.

The analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) has become a widely used approach to problem solving in species management. The detection of cryptic species including invasive and (or) species at risk is the goal, typically accomplished by testing water and sediment for the presence of characteristic DNA signatures. Reliable and efficient procedures for the capture of eDNA are required, especially those that can be performed easily in the field by personnel with limited training and citizen scientists.

The complete maternal mitochondrial genome sequences of two imperiled North American freshwater mussels: and (Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae).

The freshwater mussels and historically inhabited rivers along the North American Atlantic coast from the Carolinas, U.S.A.

The 2-phase case-control design: an efficient way to use expert-time.

Objectives: The objective of this paper is to show the benefits of using a 2-phase case-control (2PCC) design in identifying dose-response relationships between cumulative occupational exposure as assessed by experts and lung cancer incidence in an actual study.

Methods: A population-based case-control study including 246 cases and 531 controls was conducted in an area with high lung cancer rates in Northeast France. Detailed occupational and personal risk factors were obtained in face-to-face interviews.

Spread of the Rat Lungworm (Angiostrongylus cantonensis) in Giant African Land Snails (Lissachatina fulica) in Florida, USA.

The rat lungworm (Angiostrongylus cantonensis) is a parasitic nematode that causes rat lungworm disease. It is the leading cause of eosinophilic meningitis and is a zoonotic health risk. We confirmed the presence of A.

An investigation of the bactericidal activity of selected essential oils to Aeromonas spp.

Diseases of fishes caused by Aeromonas spp. are common, have broad host ranges and may cause high mortality. Treatments of captive-reared populations using antimicrobials are limited with concerns for bacterial resistance development and environmental dissemination.

Characterization of a new myxozoan species (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae: Myxosporea) in largescale stonerollers (Campostoma oligolepis) from the Mobile River Basin (Alabama).

Myxobolus stanlii sp. n. was described from largescale stonerollers ( Campostoma oligolepis ) from the Mobile River Basin in Alabama.

Does additional confounder information alter the estimated risk of bleeding associated with phenprocoumon use--results of a two-phase study.

Purpose: Claims databases are an important source for pharmacoepidemiological studies although they often lack information on some confounders. Two-phase methodology was used to estimate the bleeding risk in patients treated with phenprocoumon from claims data combined with additional information on body mass index (BMI) and smoking.

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study using claims data from 2004 to 2007 (phase 1).

Practicalities of individual producer responsibility under the WEEE directive: experiences in Germany.

In theory, individual producer responsibility (IPR) creates incentives for 'design-for-recycling'. Yet in practice, implementing IPR is challenging, particularly if applied to waste electric and electronic equipment. This article discusses different options for implementing IPR schemes under German WEEE legislation.

Elevated cancer mortality in a German cohort of bitumen workers: extended follow-up through 2004.

The mortality follow-up in a cohort of German asphalt workers covered an additional 6 years. Male workers (N = 7919) were classified into four exposure categories: (1) exposure to bitumen only, (2) to bitumen and coal tar, (3) neither to tar nor to bitumen, and (4) unknown exposure. Exposure-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) based on age- and calendar period-specific national mortality rates were calculated.

An improved method to generate equine dendritic cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells: divergent maturation programs by IL-4 and LPS.

Equine dendritic cells (eqDC) can be generated from peripheral blood monocytes by propagation in GM-CSF and IL-4. Despite similarities with the generation of human DC, we found significant improvements for eqDC generation and functional influences on eqDC maturation. The fractionation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by two subsequent gradients at densities of 1.

Flexible Two-Phase studies for rare exposures: Feasibility, planning and efficiency issues of a new variant.

The two-phase design consists of an initial (Phase One) study with known disease status and inexpensive covariate information. Within this initial study one selects a subsample on which to collect detailed covariate data. Two-phase studies have been shown to be efficient compared to standard case-control designs.