Mechanistic Insights into the Adenosine A1 Receptor's Positive Allosteric Modulation for Non-Opioid Analgesics.

The adenosine A1 receptor (AR) is a promising target for pain treatment. However, the development of therapeutic agonists is hampered by adverse effects, mainly including sedation, bradycardia, hypotension, or respiratory depression. Recently discovered molecules able to overcome this impediment are the positive allosteric modulator MIPS521 and the A1R-selective agonist BnOCPA, which are both potent and powerful analgesics with fewer side effects.

Psychological outcomes of dementia risk estimation in MCI patients: Results from the PreDADQoL project.

Introduction: Understanding the impact of biomarker-based dementia risk estimation in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and their care partners is critical for patient care.

Methods: MCI patients and study partners were counseled on Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker and dementia risk was disclosed. Data on mood, quality of life (QoL), and satisfaction with life (SwL) were obtained 1 week and 3 months after disclosure.

Survey of patient experience and management of vasomotor symptoms due to menopause from the PatientsLikeMe community.

Objective: This study aimed to describe menopause and treatment experiences of women with vasomotor symptoms due to menopause in the United States.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to women 40-65 years of age recruited from PatientsLikeMe, a dedicated online platform for patients.

Results: A total of 196 women (mean age 55.

Six-month follow-up of multidomain cognitive impairment in non-hospitalized individuals with post-COVID-19 syndrome.

Some people infected with SARS-CoV-2 report persisting symptoms following acute infection. If these persist for over three months, they are classified as post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS). Although PCS is frequently reported, detailed longitudinal neuropsychological characterization remains scarce.

Synaptic plasticity in human thalamocortical assembloids.

Synaptic plasticities, such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD), tune synaptic efficacy and are essential for learning and memory. Current studies of synaptic plasticity in humans are limited by a lack of adequate human models. Here, we modeled the thalamocortical system by fusing human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived thalamic and cortical organoids.

Retrospective text and qualitative analyses of patient experience and management of vasomotor symptoms due to menopause: voices from the PatientsLikeMe community.

Objective: Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) due to menopause cause substantial burden and distress. Some women join online communities to share experiences and treatment outcomes through peer-to-peer interactions. This study describes women's experiences with VMS and symptom management on the PatientsLikeMe online support group.

Genetic identification, morphology and distribution of subspecies in southern and western Switzerland (Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes).

Most of Switzerland is inhabited by the nominotypical subspecies of the barred grass snake (), which is characterized by mitochondrial DNA lineage E. Only in the northeast of the country, the common grass snake () occurs and hybridizes with in a narrow contact zone. However, we discovered that in southern and western Switzerland barred grass snakes representing another mtDNA lineage (lineage C) are widely distributed.

A review on mycotoxins and mycotoxicoses in ruminants and Equidae in South America.

Of the mycotoxicoses caused by molds contaminating grains or their byproducts, leukoencephalomalacia of horses and less frequently aflatoxicosis in cattle have been reported in South America. However, the most important group of mycotoxins in the region are those caused by fungi that infect forages and other types of plants and have regional distribution. In this group, ergotism is important, both caused by Claviceps purpurea infecting grains or by Epichloë coenophiala infecting Schedonorus arundinaceus.

Symptomatic Clusters Related to Amyloid Positivity in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals.

Background: The NIA-AA Research Framework on Alzheimer's disease (AD) proposes a transitional stage (stage 2) characterized by subtle cognitive decline, subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild neurobehavioral symptoms (NPS).

Objective: To identify participant clusters based on stage 2 features and assess their association with amyloid positivity in cognitively unimpaired individuals.

Methods: We included baseline data of N = 338 cognitively unimpaired participants from the DELCODE cohort with data on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for AD.

Cognitive decline in post-COVID-19 syndrome does not correspond with persisting neuronal or astrocytic damage.

Cognitive impairment is the most frequent symptom reported in post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS). Aetiology of cognitive impairment in PCS is still to be determined. Neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are increased in acute COVID-19.

Central venous catheter tip positioning using ultrasound in pediatric patients-A prospective observational study.

Background: In children, central venous catheter (CVC) placement is usually performed under ultrasound guidance for optimal visualization of vessels and reduction of puncture-related complications. Nevertheless, in many cases, additional radiographic examinations are performed to check the position of the catheter tip.

Aim: The primary objective of this observational feasibility study was to determine the number of ultrasound-guided central venous catheter tips that can be identified in a subsequent position check using ultrasonography.

Synaptic plasticity in human thalamocortical assembloids.

Synaptic plasticities, such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD), tune synaptic efficacy and are essential for learning and memory. Current studies of synaptic plasticity in humans are limited by a lack of adequate human models. Here, we modeled the thalamocortical system by fusing human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived thalamic and cortical organoids.

Association of menopausal vasomotor symptom severity with sleep and work impairments: a US survey.

Objective: Menopausal vasomotor symptoms commonly disrupt sleep and affect daytime productivity. This online survey evaluated associations between vasomotor symptom severity and perceived sleep quality and work productivity.

Methods: Participants were perimenopausal or postmenopausal US women aged 40 to 65 years with ≥14 vasomotor symptom episodes per week for ≥1 week in the past month.

Effects of Meditation Training and Non-Native Language Training on Cognition in Older Adults: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Nonpharmacological interventions are a potential strategy to maintain or promote cognitive functioning in older adults.

Objective: To investigate the effects of 18 months' meditation training and 18 months' non-native language training on cognition in older adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This study was a secondary analysis of the Age-Well trial, an 18-month, observer-masked, randomized clinical trial with 3 parallel arms.

Association of cerebrospinal fluid brain-binding autoantibodies with cognitive impairment in post-COVID-19 syndrome.

Background: Neurological symptoms, in particular cognitive deficits, are common in post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS). There is no approved therapy available, and the underlying disease mechanisms are largely unknown. Besides others, autoimmune processes may play a key role.

A Network Perspective on Neuropsychiatric and Cognitive Symptoms of the Post-COVID Syndrome.

Many patients that were infected with SARS-CoV-2 experience cognitive and affective symptoms weeks and months after their acute COVID-19 disease, even when acute symptoms were mild to moderate. For these patients, purely neurological explanations are struggling to explain the development and maintenance of the great variety of neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms occurring after COVID-19. We provide a psychological perspective based on the network theory of mental disorders as an added explanation that does not displace neurological mechanism but rather complements them.

Multidomain cognitive impairment in non-hospitalized patients with the post-COVID-19 syndrome: results from a prospective monocentric cohort.

Background: A fraction of patients with asymptomatic to mild/moderate acute COVID-19 disease report cognitive deficits as part of the post-COVID-19 syndrome. This study aimed to assess the neuropsychological profile of these patients.

Methods: Assessment at baseline (three months or more following acute COVID-19) of a monocentric prospective cohort of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.

Effects of a mindfulness-based versus a health self-management intervention on objective cognitive performance in older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD): a secondary analysis of the SCD-Well randomized controlled trial.

Background: Older individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) perceive that their cognition has declined but do not show objective impairment on neuropsychological tests. Individuals with SCD are at elevated risk of objective cognitive decline and incident dementia. Non-pharmacological interventions (including mindfulness-based and health self-management approaches) are a potential strategy to maintain or improve cognition in SCD, which may ultimately reduce dementia risk.

Attosecond Photoionization Dynamics: from Molecules over Clusters to the Liquid Phase.

Photoionization is a process taking place on attosecond time scales. How its properties evolve from isolated particles to the condensed phase is an open question of both fundamental and practical relevance. Here, we review recent work that has advanced the study of photoionization dynamics from atoms to molecules, clusters and the liquid phase.

No Evidence for Contagious Yawning in Juvenile Ravens (): An Observational Study.

The overt and reflexive matching of behaviors among conspecifics has been observed in a growing number of social vertebrates, including avian species. In general, behavioral contagion-such as the spread of yawning-may serve important functions in group synchronization and vigilance behavior. Here, we performed an exploratory study to investigate yawn contagion among 10 captive juvenile ravens (), across two groups.

Alzheimer's Disease Plasma Biomarkers Distinguish Clinical Diagnostic Groups in Memory Clinic Patients.

Introduction: Several recent research studies show high performance of blood biomarkers to identify Alzheimer's disease also in the pre-dementia mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage, but data from the routine clinical care memory clinic setting are needed.

Methods: We examined plasma samples of 144 memory clinic patients, including dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT, n = 54), MCI (n = 57), and subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n = 33), who either presented as self-referrals or were referred by general practitioners or neurologists or psychiatrists. The plasma biomarkers, amyloid-beta42 (Aß42), amyloid-beta40 (Aß40), phospho-Tau181 (pTau181), total-tau (tTau), and neurofilament light (NFL), as well as different ratios, were measured using the ultrasensitive single molecule array (Simoa) immunoassay technology.

Low-energy electron distributions from the photoionization of liquid water: a sensitive test of electron mean free paths.

The availability of accurate mean free paths for slow electrons (<50 eV) in water is central to the understanding of many electron-driven processes in aqueous solutions, but their determination poses major challenges to experiment and theory alike. Here, we describe a joint experimental and theoretical study demonstrating a novel approach for testing, and, in the future, refining such mean free paths. We report the development of Monte-Carlo electron-trajectory simulations including elastic and inelastic electron scattering, as well as energy loss and secondary-electron production to predict complete photoelectron spectra of liquid water.

Ramaria flavo-brunnescens mushroom poisoning in South America: A comprehensive review.

Ramaria flavo-brunnescens is a mushroom that grows in eucalyptus forests causing poisoning in cattle, sheep and, with less frequency, in horses and pigs. It causes ulcerative and gangrenous lesions in the skin, tongue and esophagus, and loss of hairs of the tip of the tail. Nervous signs are occasionally observed in sheep.

Harmonisation and Between-Country Differences of the Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire in Older Adults.

The Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ) assesses complex mental activity across the life-course and has been associated with brain and cognitive health. The different education systems and occupation classifications across countries represent a challenge for international comparisons. The objectives of this study were four-fold: to adapt and harmonise the LEQ across four European countries, assess its validity across countries, explore its association with brain and cognition and begin to investigate between-country differences in life-course mental activities.