The effect of hyperglycemic hyperinsulinemia on small-intestinal mucosal protein synthesis in patients after surgical stress.

Hyperglycemic hyperinsulinemia cannot stimulate intestinal protein synthesis in healthy individuals but does so in conditions characterized by an altered somatotropic axis such as diabetes. Only in a state of growth hormone resistance (high growth hormone but low insulin like growth factor [IGF-1] concentrations), extra insulin may acutely reverse the impaired, growth-hormone-induced IGF-1 release, thereby exerting anabolic actions at the intestinal tract. Growth hormone resistance can be also found in patients after surgical stress.

Effect of amino acid infusion on human postoperative colon protein synthesis in situ.

Background: Amino acids are an integral part of parenteral nutrition because of their anabolic action helping to conserve body protein after surgical stress. At the gastrointestinal tract, an adequate supply of amino acids may be particularly important because of the gut's high rate of protein turnover, cell division, and proliferation. However, no information is available about the effects of amino acids on human intestinal protein metabolism after surgery.

48-hour hemodynamic effects of octreotide on postprandial splanchnic hyperemia in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension: double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Octreotide is effective during 48 h in the treatment of acute variceal bleeding, probably by reducing variceal blood flow and pressure. Its basal and postprandial effects on splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics, and hormonal changes over this time interval have not yet been studied. Twenty-four patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension were randomized to receive a liquid meal and either octreotide (Oct, 100 microg bolus intravenous, followed after 2 h by a continuous infusion of 25 microg/hr for 20 hr) or placebo (Plac) given at three consecutive days.

Synergistic sedation with low-dose midazolam and propofol for colonoscopies.

Background And Study Aims: Patients undergoing colonoscopy are often sedated with benzodiazepines and long-acting opiates. Since low-dose midazolam also acts synergistically with short-acting propofol, we compared this synergistic sedation with a standard combination of midazolam and the opioid nalbuphine for colonoscopies.

Patients And Methods: A total of 79 patients presenting for colonoscopies were randomly assigned to the following protocols.

[Motility diagnosis in chronic constipation].

Scintigraphy is generally considered as gold-standard for the diagnosis of delayed gastric emptying. The 13C-acetate and -octanoate breath tests represent an alternative to this method, which has been extensively validated. Gastric and small bowel manometry are very important tools for the research of motility disorders.

The postprandial portal flow is related to the severity of portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis.

Background/aims: Diminished postprandial portal hyperemia has been demonstrated by echo-Doppler flowmetry in patients with liver cirrhosis, but its diagnostic role is unclear. This prospective study was therefore undertaken in patients with varying severity of portal hypertension and degree of liver cirrhosis.

Methods: Portal flowmetry was performed in 66 patients with cirrhosis and 20 healthy volunteers during fasting and 30 min after ingestion of a standardized meal.

Evidence for central nervous effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone on gastric acid secretion in humans.

In animals, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) has been shown to decrease gastric acid secretion after intracerebral administration. Evidence exists that in man peptides have a direct access to the brain upon intranasal administration. This study aimed at assessing brain-mediated effects of CRH on gastric pH after intranasal administration in humans.

Treatment of pain in chronic pancreatitis by inhibition of pancreatic secretion with octreotide.

It has been suggested that pancreatic ductal hypertension, secondary to pancreatic outflow obstruction, is a cause of pain in chronic pancreatitis. This study investigated the effect of inhibiting pancreatic secretion with octreotide in chronic pancreatitis pain. Ten patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis and severe daily pain were included in an intraindividual double blind crossover study.

[Technical methods and hydrogeological aspects of in situ sanitation measures in soil and groundwater areas].

The contribution deals in general with the following aspects of remediation processes: --Hydrogeological parameters --Microbiological and engineering parameters --Engineering conceptions of biological in situ remediations --Analytical aspects and monitoring.

The effect of topically applied n-butylester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the immune response in mice.

Six-week-old female CD-1 mice were administered the n-butylester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The 2,4-D ester was applied dermally at dosages ranging from 0 to 500 mg/kg (2,4-D content) in the acute studies and 0 to 300 mg/kg in the 3 week subacute studies. Following acute exposure, antibody production against sheep red blood cells was suppressed at higher exposure levels.

Granulomatous dermatitis in carnivores associated with dermatophyte infection.

Nine cases of granulomatous dermatitis in carnivores (eight dogs, one cat) are described. In three cases, in which there were no fungi in hair shafts, nor any other evidence of mycotic infection initially, fungal elements were demonstrated in the granulomas with the aid of special stains (PAS and Grocott). Granulomatous dermatitis in case of dermatophyte infections is thought to be an hypersensitivity reaction and has been reported to occur in a variety of mammals.

Correlation of microbiological and histological findings in bovine fibrinous pneumonia.

In a retrospective morphological and microbiological study, 39 of 55 cases of bovine fibrinous pneumonia were diagnosed as fibrinous pleuropneumonia. Twenty-nine of these 39 (74%) were associated with Pasteurella hemolytica, but only two cases (5%) with P. multocida.

Studies on the occurrence and significance of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in Saskatchewan.

Seventy-six percent of 49 blood samples from Saskatchewan cattle had serum antibodies against bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Experimental infection of one week and seven month old calves with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (Iowa strain) caused transient fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge and coughing but no macroscopic or microscopic lesions attributable to bovine respiratory syncytial virus.

Morphologic effects of dietary plant and animal lipids rich in docosenoic acids on heart and skeletal muscle of cynomolgus monkeys.

Cynomolgi (Macaca fascicularis) were fed diets containing 25% rapeseed oil (RSO), partially hydrogenated herring oil (PHHO), or a 3:1 mixture of lard and corn oil as control for 4 months. The RSO contained approximately 25% of the fatty acids as erucic acid; the PHHO contained a similar concentration of mainly cetoleic acid. The control diet did not include such fatty acids.

Effects of plant and animal lipids rich in docosenoic acids on the myocardium of Cynomolgus monkeys.

Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were fed diets containing 25% rapeseed oil (RSO), partially-hydrogenated herring oil (PHHO) or a 3:1 mixture of lard/corn oil as control (CON) for 4 months. The RSO contained approximately 25% of the fatty acids as erucic acid (cis-docos-13-enoic, 22:1w9) while the PHHO contained a similar concentration of mainly cetoleic acid (cis-docos-11-enoic, 22:1w11). The CON contained no 22:1 acids.

Aircraft disinfection: the physical and insecticidal characteristics of (+)-phenothrin applied by aerosol at "blocks away".

A 2% formulation of (+)-phenothrin dispensed from 340-g or break-off tip aerosol cans was highly effective against mosquitos in aircraft disinsection trials. Two minutes after application at "blocks away", the mass median diameter of the dispersed drops was 5.1-6.

Mercury and Mink. II. Experimental methyl mercury intoxication.

Adult female mink were fed rations containing 1.1, 1.8, 4.